Armaghane Danesh
Year:2005 | Volume:9 | Issue:36|Papers Count:15

Introduction & Objective: Relaxation is one of the efficient methods in decreasing the occurance of ventricular arrhythmia. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of relaxation methods on the rate of ventricular arrhythmia in patients swith myocardial infarction. Materials & Methods: This study is a clinical trial in which 60 patients with myocardial infarction have been randomly divided into two, experimental and control groups. Data collecting tools were a demographic characteristics form and also a ventricular arrhythmia checklist. In order to assess the effect of relaxation, relaxation method was performed on experimental and control groups and the rate of occurance of ventricular arrhythmia was compared before and after relaxation in both groups. Results: Most of the studied cases were married with primery education level and their monthly income was more than 2000000 Rials. The findings of this study showed that the rate of ventricular arrhythmia in the experimental group was lower in comparison with the control group and this difference was statisticaly significant. Conclusion: Relaxation can be used as an efficient element in decreasing ventricular arrhythmia in patients with myocardial infarction.

Introduction & Objective: Cobalt element contributes in the structure of vitamin B12 and can interfere with Fe+3 ions absorption. It is also important for the synthesis of hemoglobin and red blood cells. The aim of this study was to determine the level of cobalt in drinking water and crude vegetables in Yazd city. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed for this study. The types of vegetables which were tested in this study were spinach and cabbage. Samples from drinking water were taken as well. For determination of cobalt, synthetic spectrometric method was used based on the catalytical effect of cobalt on red-Pirogallol hydrogen peroxides (at pH=7) reaction. Results: Results of this study showed that the amount of cobalt was 3.49x10-2 p. p. m for cabbage, 0.041x10-2 for spinach and 0.0121p. p. m for drinking water. Conclusion: Findings of this study revealed that at present the amount of cobalt in these vegetables is less than the minimum allowed.

Introduction & Objective: Sore-throat and hoarseness are the most common complication after endotracheal intubation which take place 12-24 hr after operation. Different studies have reported the incidence of these complications between 24-90%. Increase of heat on the trachea will raise the blood pressure in the local capillaries and therefore induce better blood supplementation to the local tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of local heat on the incidence of sore- throat and hoarseness after endotracheal intubations. Materials & Methods: One hundred and sixty patients aging 15 -50 years old, candidate for elective surgeries under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into two groups. Patients for head and neck surgeries were excluded from the study. Methods of intubation, type, size, cuff pressure of ETT, method of anesthesia and time of operation were the same for all patients. During the operation time, local heat was applied on the external surface of trachea (up to 40 0C) by using electrical blanket for the patients in the study group. 24 hr after operation all the patients were visited by anesthesiologist for evaluating the sore- throat and hoarseness. Results: The incidence of sore-throat in the control group was 65% versus 40% in the study group (p<0.05). Moreover the incidence of hoarseness was 66.2% in the control group versus 10% in the case group. Conclusion: Application of local heat (40 0C) on the external surface of trachea can effectively decreases the incidence of postoperative sore - throat and hoarseness.

Introduction & Objective: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) describes a number of disorders attributed to compromise of blood vessels and/or nerves at any of several points between the base of the neck and the axillla. Compromise of brachial plexus causes true (classic) TOS that is very rare. Case: The patient was a 52-year-old man, who came with pain, weakness and numbness of left forearm and hand. In physical examination there was severe atrophy of thenar, moderate to severe atrophy of other interossei, decreased sensation of medial of forearm and hand. Cervical spine radiographs revealed cervical rib below seventh vertebra. In electrodiagnostic study of left upper limb there were absent compound muscle action potential of median nerve and sensory action potential of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and prolonged latency of F wave of hypothenar. In EMG there were polyphasicity, decreased recruitment of C8 and T1 roots innervated muscles. Conclusion: Surgery was recommended for progression of muscle atrophy and reduction of pain and numbness.

Introduction & Objective: ECG is a test which is used for diagnosis and confirmation of cardiovascular diseases. Many studies regarding the validity of this test in different age groups have been performed and different results were obtained. This study was performed to assess the role of ECG on anesthesia planning in elderly patients. Material & Methods: One hundred elderly patients who referred to Nikocari hospital in Tabriz for eye surgery were enrolled in this study. Findings of clinical examination and medical history were compared with those obtained from the interpretation of ECG by anesthetists. Results: The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results showed that only 4% of the patients without positive findings in clinical examination had ECG abnormalities; 3% had RBBB; and 1% had T inversion in pre-cordial leads. It is noticeable that reported abnormalities are not so important on the basis of anesthesia care planning. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, it seems logical to pay more attention to selection of patients for ECG and ordering ECG test only for patients with positive clinical findings.

Introduction & Objective: Population based data concerning the prevalence of visual impairment in children are not readily available in Iran. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of common visual disorders (amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors) in a group of primary school children and to compare the findings with similar studies. Materials & Methods: Ten percent of the primary school children in Fasa were selected by systematic random method. They enrolled into prospective vision screening program combining the identification arm (screening) and diagnostic/treatment arm (ophthalmic examination).The screening consisted of Snellen chart presented at 6 meters test distance. An ophthalmologist in ophthalmology clinic examined each child failing the vision screening. Results: 1224 children were screened during the 1999-2000 academic year.196 (16%) failed the vision screening (VA≤0.8) and 131(10.7%) failed the ophthalmic examination (VA≤0.7). The estimate prevalence of visual morbidity was as follows: amblyopia, 2.28%; strabismus, 0.4%, and refractive error, 10.04%. The most common cause of amblyopia was refractory error. Conclusion: Refractive error and amblyopia were found in relatively high frequency for this population group. Refractive error was the most common cause of amblyopia. These findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive vision-screening programs that integrate follow up care.

Introduction & Objective: Headache is a complication of spinal anesthesia, which also cause fear in scheduled patients. Headache may have a severity which may disturb patients life. Headache also can persist from days to months. Many different measures can be used for preventing that; including small size needles, delay in ambulation, hydration and so on. This study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of propranolol on post spinal anesthesia headache. Materials & Methods: This is a double blind clinical trial. In this study we selected 60 patients (from ASA class I, II) who undergone operation (gynecological and urorlogical) with spinal anesthesia and had post spinal headache. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups for treatment.The first group was treated with propranolol, 20mg, twice a day and the second group was treated with acetaminophen, 325mg, twice a day. Pain severity was measured by Mankosky pain scale. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: mean of severity of pain was 6.33 versus 4.6 in propranolol group (before and after treatment) and 6.36 versus 5.56 in acetaminophen group (before and after treatment). These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Propranolol can be used for treatment of post spinal headache in patients who has no contraindication for use of this medicine.

Introduction & Objective: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) reduces cardiovascular mortality and improves cardiovascular and mental status of cardiac patients. Evaluation of the effects of CR in different groups according to sex, age and cause of disease would help the CR program to be special and individual and reduces the cost of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of CR in patients referring to CR program with different reasons. Materials & Methods: We studied 310 cardiac patients including 150 CABG, 44 PTCA and 110 persons with any other cause like MI, angina, etc. without revascularization. All patients were subjected to a 24 sessions of CR including aerobic exercise, education & diet therapy. Exercise capacity, ejection fraction (EF), lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) were measured before & after the CR program. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent pair t-test and ANOVA. Results: Results of this study showed that lipid profile, exercise capacity, EF and BMI were improved after CR in all groups. Changes of the variables were the same in all groups and the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: All the male and female patients attending CR program equally benefited from CR. We concluded that patients under medical treatment could improve their cardiovascular status before revascularization and sometimes postpone the intensive procedures.

Introduction & Objective: Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis (HPS) is the most common surgical condition of stomach and duodenum which presents with intractable vomiting during the first weeks of life and death is unavoidable if left without treatment. This study aimed at evaluating the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the disease in order to emphasize the importance of this potentially life threatening disease. Materials & Methods: In this retrospective study, from 1358 to 1382 hospital records of all the infants admitted in Shiraz university hospitals with the diagnosis of HPS were studied. Results: From the 231infants studied, 202 (87%) were male and 29 (13%) were female (male to female ratio of 8 to 1). Ten cases (4.3%) had positive family history of the disease. 35 (15%) of them were the first child of the family. The onset of symptoms was between 2nd and 5th weeks of life in majority of the cases (75%). Olive mass was observed in 116 (51%) of the cases, while constipation, bloody vomiting and jaundice were documented in 36%, 2% and 9% of the cases, respectively. Upper gastrointestinal series was diagnostic in 86% of the cases. However, abdominal sonography was helpful in only 88% of the cases. Conclusion: With proper observation and early diagnosis (by means of abdominal sonography) of patients suffering from repeated episodes of vomiting, the mortality and morbidity of this disease can be reduced.

Introduction & Objective: Study of an individuals personality is much significant in predicting his behavior. This study aimed at determining personality patterns for adolescents and its agreement with their parents viewpoints in this regard. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive - analytical study, the personality pattern of 400 male and female students(aged 12-18) at guidance and high-schools in Yasuj were studied using the personality questionnaire of Eysenck in 1382. The students parents also completed the same questionnaire. Sampling method was cluster and simple random. Then the data were analyzed using SPSS and non-parametrical tests such as Wilcoxon, Kruskall Wallis. Results: The correlation between the students and their parents personality patterns proved to be week or moderate. Guidance School girls had the most difficulty in establishing relations with others (70.6%); guidance school boys were the most quarrelsome (45.8%); high-school boys were the most adventurous (71.4%); guidance school girls were the most observant of rules and regulations (68.3%); guidance school girls were also the most observant of others rights (58.3%); and high school girls experienced the most stress and anxiety (83.1%). Conclusion: The average rate of extroversion with these subjects was lower than that of other studies; however, the average rate of psychosis, neurosis and telling lie was higher. From the variables studied, only the illiteracy of mother had a significant effect on extroversion. Further studies are recommended so that appropriate guidelines can be developed for parents and instructors.