Geography and Environmental Planning
Year:2013 | Volume:23 | Issue:4 (48)|Papers Count:18

Introduction: Flood event is very important in humanities center and urban because they are effective on Capabilities production of runoff in this area and increase the financial and human losses due to its population density and infrastructure. As respects Collection and dispose of runoff from the rainfall in the river stream in fact are safety, public health and utilities and several flood events in Tehran that in some instances are financial losses and damages to human lives indicate necessity integrate study are about flood in the basins upstream of Tehran.

Introduction Geomorphotourism has become an increasingly important and widely discussed sub-sector of the global tourism industry, and despite debate over its definition, it is now broadly accepted that geotourism entails three main criteria. Firstly, geotourism should involve a nature-based element in which its attractions are primarily based in the natural environment and geomorphic features. Secondly, there should be an element of education, learning or appreciation between the geotourist and the attraction. Finally, geotourism should appear to be Environmentally and socio-culturally sustainable, in a way which ‘enhances the natural and cultural resource base of the destination and promotes the viability of the operation’.

Introduction: Mankind has always paid attention to the management of waste for millennia. In early times, waste wouldn’t cause a problem entering environment because humans’ population was low and lands were abundantly accessible. But cities emerged and population density increased which caused waste to increase per unit area. Consumables increased in number which caused waste to increase and enter environment. Humans must take into consideration the accurate methods of management as well as the engineering and economic principles in order to fight such infections. Although there’re various methods for dumping waste, the recovering of waste is of the utmost importance nowadays because this method not only decreases the amount of waste and prevents further environmental pollution but also saves money, energy and natural resources. The average daily amount of waste made in the city of Boukan is 150 tons. The amount of waste is never separated and is dumped in a hazardous manner.

Introduction: Changes in the human environment in different periods and in different areas it is reasonable by the satellite images, aerial photographs and maps in certain forms are easily done. This is particularly important when the data becomes more critical in areas such as environment, agriculture; Natural resource management and river engineering are used (Pris and etal, 1997, 23). Therefore, in order to discover and detect changes that occur in different regions of the Earth Can ensure that remote sensing technology and satellite images in a sequence-specific forms used (Atood and al. 2005, 8).

Introduction: Regional planning aiming at promoting development and decreasing inequality is considered among important issues in developing countries. Necessary for regional planning is to identify the position of regions toward each other with respect to development. Decreasing inequality in enjoyment of national resources, findings and facilities is one of the basic criteria for development. In addition to growth in all directions, the concept of development involves balanced distribution. The balanced distribution of facilities and services is a step toward removing regional differences and proportionate distribution of population in a region.

Introduction: We have done this research in order to study frequency and transmissivity on big and widespread landslides in Great Karoon aquifer basin due to establish Great Karoon no 1, 2, 3 dams Purpose of this research is mapping landslide hazard zonation in Conformity with the new area activities and changes after: 1. Dams establishment, 2. land cover changing due to irrigation, drainage, river branches and irrigation canals.3. Topography change of the zone due to harvest, moving huge amounts of soil and excavation process.

Introduction: Regional planning aiming at promoting development and decreasing inequality is considered among important issues in developing countries. Necessary for regional planning is to identify the position of regions toward each other with respect to development. Decreasing inequality in enjoyment of national resources, findings and facilities is one of the basic criteria for development. In addition to growth in all directions, the concept of development involves balanced distribution. The balanced distribution of facilities and services is a step toward removing regional differences and proportionate distribution of population in a region.

Introduction Rural settlements can be studied based on their shape and type, the natural factors such as climate, soil and water, social and cultural factors influencing the texture and morphology and the spatial-social patterns originating from them and even based on the degree of their development. Therefore, in order to plan for sustainable development of rural settlements and for realization of national development goals, it is important to identify and analyze the spatial-social patterns of residence at the context of human settlement.

Introduction: In geographical studies, soil is not only considered as a natural resource, but also it is exposed to a corrupted danger called erosion, so it needs study, guarding and control. On one hand, the concept of erosion, from geomorphological point of view, is referred to processes which shape the earth surface, and on the other hand, it is related to the factors of soil guarding. The fact is that different results are derived from evaluating erosion risks through various methods, and quantity and type of soil erosion also vary from one place to another. These quantities would be very useful for planning.

Introduction: As a direct result of migrations rising and population growth, particularly in developing and undeveloped countries, the population of cities was increased. Different results and problems such as density, pollution, unemployment, housing shortage and urban services, have been caused by the fast population growth across the developing countries during last three decades (Atash & Shirazi Beheshtiha, 1998: 1). First and foremost, developing of living in cities following with its special problems has necessitated finding some solutions in order to optimize citizen’s life (Zarabi & Ghanbari, 2010: 1).

Introduction: Siberian high is a large synoptic system in planet scale that considers the most important center of atmosphere action for cold period in Eurasia. This high that depend on the coldest and the most condensed air mass in north hemisphere, concentrate itself as a seasonal and semi – permanent synaptic system between Baykal and Balkhash lakes, and it’s western tongue affect the climate of extensive regions of Iran. Therefore, the goal of this synoptic study is to explain key interactions between the atmosphere and surface environment and in other words exploration of the relationship between the circulation patterns of Siberian high pressure and minimum temperatures in Iran. Up to now, many studies about Siberian high have been done by several individuals that we will refer to some studies which have been done in Iran and world. In the world, Lydolph (1977), Ding and Krishnamurti (1987), Sahsamanoglou et al (1991), Zhang et al (1996), Mokhov and Petukhov (1999), Choen et al (2001), Haghton et al (2001), Gong et al (2001, 2002), Takaya and Nakamura (2004), Panagiotopoulos et al (2005) and Lingis and Thompson (2005) are individuals that have carried out investigations about siberian high.

Introduction: According to the Ramsar Convention, wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters. According to recent estimations, world wetlands account for 6.2 to 7.6 percent of earth’s surface.

Introduction Issue of sustainable development and especially sustainable urban development has been one of the most important concerns of policy makers and planners since the Rio Conference. This point of view was given form environmental, economic, managerial and social comments that have collected from all fields of university studies about cities. With assuming “compact city form” as the stable urban form and also regarding to prevent suburbs spread of Tehran metropolis subject entitled as “organizing and protecting the city’s boundary and preventing any spread of span area”, the various aspects of Tehran sustainability, according to the characteristics of compact city, is necessary to study. Issue of social stability in the compact city model has become a challenging subject among researchers and planners. Some of them believe that if cities become more dense then social stability decreases. But others argue that denser cities have more social stable positions.