Comparative Theology
Year:2020 | Volume:10 | Issue:22|Papers Count:17

In the area of Islamic civilization and the West, Imam Khomeini and St. Augustine are important because the thoughts and effects of both have been the source of profound developments, hence the comparison of the political ideas of these two characters is of great importance. This comparison is based on the three pillars of the "nature of politics", "the relationship between religion and politics" and "the duty of citizens", given the impact of these axes on the religious attitude of the two characters. The main purpose of this study is to compare the religious attitude of Imam Khomeini and Augustine and its effect on the thoughts of these two characters. The main question is: what influence did the religious attitude of Augustine and Imam Khomeini have on their political ideas? Based on this, the present study is a descriptive-analytic type with qualitative and comparative approach taken by the library method. Findings of the research show that different attitudes and impressions of Augustine and Imam Khomeini from religion have caused a difference in their political beliefs...

The most effective way of expressing and conveying concepts and ideas is to narrate and portray events in the form of a "story" that has several purposes. As one of the most important ways of inducing educational or historical concepts in the light of semiotics, the use of artistic or word-based techniques of narrative discourse is narrative discourse. The arrangement of the elements of a story in the form of art is an important tool for conveying ideas and signs to others. In this regard, this study analyzes the elements of the story of the flood of Noah (AS), which is one of the common stories between the two books of the Torah and the quran, by the method of comparative micro-analysis, and by using partial methods of semiotic-cognitive knowledge, Has analyzed it. The present study seeks to answer the following questions: 1-What are the elements of the story of Noah's Storm in the narration of the Torah (Genesis Journey) and the Qur'an (Surah Hood)?...

Criticism of the theological opinions of the Islamic sects is one of important discussions in some of the Qur’ ā nic commentaries. To survey these critques causes to be clarified more own commentator’ s ideas. The mystical Commentary of Kashf Al-Asrā r Wa ʿ Uddat Al-Abrā r (“ The Unveiling of the Mysteries and the Provision of the Pious” ) by Abu al-Faḍ l Rashī d Al-Dī n Maybudī is one of the commentaries that have discussed the theological opinions of the Khawā rij‚ the Jahmiyah‚ the Mu’ tazilah etc. This article, which is written in descriptive and analytic way, because of Maybudī ’ s special attention to the Jahmiyah‚ deals with critiquing and surveying the thological opinions of this sect, and mentioning Maybudī ’ s view of each of criticized subjects‚ according to this commentary...

Mithraism, as one of the oldest Iranian religions, used mythical symbols to lead its followers which can be the leader of the audience for an accurate understanding of the various aspects of these symbols in this ritual. Mehrabeh, as the sanctuaries of the followers of this ritual, have a symbolic structure; they are either built in natural caves or form a cave. In this study, based on the mythological and religious views of Mircea Eliadeh, the cave symbol and the its functions in various texts, have been investigated, using the analysis of Eliadeh in its various works, the authors have tried to study the symbolic function of the cave in the religion of mithraism. The symbolic function of the cave in Mithraism, should be categorize in the subtitle of the "symbolic place of the ritual of sympathy", which is itself linked to "the womb of the mother earth" and "the inner and unconscious world", Based on the new classification presented in this study and study of the Eliadeh's works...

The question of unity of existence is one of the most fundamental mystical and philosophical issues that is discussed in this article, based on Allā mah Dawā nī and Mullah Sadrā ’ s theoretical foundations. Allā mah Dawā nī ’ s explanation of the question of individual unity is based on principles such as unity of existence, the attribution of essence to existence, the principle of disposition and non-confusion of creatures to the origin of derivation in the sense that the truth of existence is unique in divine essence and the rest is ascribed to the existence. BY investigating Dawā nī ’ s basics, one should say that believing in individual unity of existence is in contrast with his basic principles. The issue is not acceptable in his thought system because by declaring both originality of existence and originality of essence to explain plurality of the universe, belief in redundancy and the relation of essences with existence and declaring disposition has basic inconsistency and internal conflict...

One of the basic needs of human is spirituality. Spirituality is the inner connection of man with God, which affects various aspects of life. One of the dimensions of the subject of spirituality is its relation to other concepts, including religion, ethics, mysticism, and concepts of this kind. One of the concepts that discusses its relation to spirituality is the concept of theology. The meaning of theology is the systematic explanation of God and the relationship of God with the world and the same system of belief. One of the Christian theologians who deals with spirituality and theology, is McGrath, a professor of theology at the University of Oxford. In the field of Islam, Martyr Motahhari also deals with the relationship of spirituality with beliefs. He is an influential scholar of contemporary religious thought in the Muslim world. The purpose of this paper is to examine the views of these two thinkers on the relationship between spirituality and theology with a comparative and descriptive-analytic approach based on their work...

James A. Bellami is one of the orientalists thinking that there are some mistakes in Quran`s text; He believes that textual criticism must be applied to the Qur'an to remove it`s corruptions and produce a text the possibly nearest to original text. For example, In the article “ More proposed emendations to the text of the Koran” , he claims that There are two major problems in the story of Shuaib, first, the form of his name, and second, the identity of the Ashab al-aykah. Given the existence of oral sources for the Qur'an, Bellami considers the Torah as the only source of the proper name of the "Shuaib" and the identity of the " the Ashab al-aykah ". For this reason, it is only by finding several common features in verses 13 through 17 of the Isaiah: 21(the prophecy of Isaiah in Arabic) during the Old Testament and the story of Shuaib in the Qur'an, he claims that, firstly, the story of Shuaib derives from the Isaiah Prophecy about the Arabs (Isaiah 21: 13-17); secondly, “ Shuaib” is mistaken with “ Sh’ aia” (spelled with final alif), the Arabic form of “ Isaiah” ; thirdly Ashab al-aykah” in the Qur'an is the same Dedanite merchants in In Isa. 21: 13-17...

The law of attraction in the philosophy of modern thought is the belief that by focusing on negative or positive thoughts, people can experience positive or negative attitudes. This belief is based on the idea that both people and their minds are made up of pure energy and through the process of "absorbing the same energies, " one can upgrade his health, well-being and personal relationships. This theory has been promoting for many years by speakers and writers in the world, and each of them is somehow trying to express the attraction law in accordance with the culture of their audience and stimulate their feelings. One of the promotional methods for promoting and fixing The secret theory in the minds of the audience by its propagandists, especially inside the country, is its religiousization. This theory has been promoting for many years by speakers and writers in the world, and each of them is somehow trying to express the attraction law in accordance with the culture of their audience and stimulate their feelings...

Identity issue is one of deep and broad contents that in many humanities. Worthy of discussion and research. Although identity is new and emerging concept, but it's origin can be traced return to centuries and even in pre-islamic times. The spiritual seventh-century peat Rumi based on Quran's interpretation, following the Quran have another interpretation of identity and the concept of home. Identity in Quran is based on self knowledge and back to the divine nature of man; also pay attention to human dignity across the universe. Quran's look to collective identity is more for unified Ummat and alliance between nations and Quran don't address apparent differences because of superiority of men and nation; but introduced it in superiority of virtue, knowledge and jihad in Allah's way. In Rumi's thought, love of Allah's essence and humanity based on cosmopolitan theory wave knocks: so we should not expect that with emphasized to nationalism, limited human and material life of the motherland...

Science of Kalam since its very dawn has undergone through various stages and modes; traditionalism, dialectical method, rationalism, hermeneutics, philosophical Kalam are considered to be among the most important approaches in the course of evolution of Shia Kalam. Having provided a short introduction of the school of philosophical Kalam, the current essay with a descriptive-analytic method seeks to study the Kalam based approach of Ibn Maytham Bahrani and via a set of different evidence from his works and ideas it proves that Bahrani's chosen path in Kalam is rational-philosophical. Deduction and analysis of the features of philosophical Kalam in the thought of Ibn Haytham is also of importance from the perspective that with the emphasis on rationality, argument, free thinking and critical thought it can provide the scholars of Shia Kalam with a methodological pattern...

The present article seeks to demonstrate in a descriptive-analytical method that, with the founders of philosophical hermeneutics, how religious understanding has become a model for understanding hermeneutics and understanding hermeneutics as a model for religious understanding? How is the process of understanding in religious traditions, especially the element of application and the element of understanding divine will, is used as a model for better understanding of hermeneutics? How do religious beliefs, such as incarnation, trinity, religious imagery and ritual shows help to explain hermeneutic teachings, help? Then shows Examples of hermeneutic explanations of religious teachings and religious explanations of hermeneutic teachings. Then He makes it clear the relation between general hermeneutics and hermeneutics of the Holy Texts. In the end, he says that what are the mistakes of Christian theology from a philosophical hermeneutic?...

The concept of "good" is one of the basic concepts in the areas of philosophy, psychology, and the value of ethical judgments. Carefully review and solve its complexities can open up many issues and misunderstandings. Both Haj Mullā hā dī Sabzevari and R. M. Hare are two philosophers who have presented some good ideas about the concept of 'good' on the basis of their thinking framework. These two thinkers have revised their predecessors’ views according to the time in which they lived, and added complementary and effective points to them, then they removed its shortcomings. The late Sabzevari reasoned against the Asharite who argued that theories of good and evil couldn’ t form demonstrative syllogism because they were not self-evident, that they can be applied not only in the accepted domains but also in the realm of certainty. Thus, these theorems provide the basis for the demonstrative syllogism. From the point of view of Haji Sabzevari, the intellect of all human beings can be aware of the theories of a good ethical concepts...