Police Historical Studies
Year:2018 | Volume:4 | Issue:15|Papers Count:6

The era of Reza Shah was a new season in the struggles of the central government with nomads and tribes. Reza Shah, who came to reign in a chaotic and turbulent circumstance, tried to centralize and create a country like the modern European countries. One of the steps he took to realize this goal was the settlement of the nomads and tribes. In particular, Lorestan was of special importance to Reza Shah. To settlement of the nomads and tribes of Lorestan, disarmament was a prerequisite role. The presence of the Reza Shah military force in Lorestan and the disarmament of the tribes of this region began in 1302 and lasted until 1312. In this descriptive-analytical study, the effects of disarming the nomads of Lorestan in the period of Reza Shah on their settlement has been investigated. The findings of this study indicate that the immediate impact of the disarmament plan in the Lorestan region, the disruption of the social structure, including the weakening of the social base of the leaders of the tribal elders, the rise of numerous uprisings, the execution and repression of the tribes of the region, and further indicative of the state's civilian actions to carry out the disarmament and final settlement of the nomads and tribes.

For many centuries, the Iranian government was reliant on tribal and nomads forces. The kind of training and military discipline of these forces, and how they were organized, were such that in the most optimistic case, only in internal conflicts could have very limited performance. Because these forces were traditionally under the command of the tribal chiefs, and were essentially a marginal force from the center, which was a major obstacle to the expansion of the sovereignty of the central. Therefore governments needed to weaken their tribes and not rely on their military force to develop their authority, as well as to create an independent and self-reliant army under the command of the king. During the Qajar era, which came to power with Qajarian tribes, the idea of forming a new military force was formed from Fath Ali Shah's era as a result of a military conflict with the new European powers in the Russian-Iranian war. However, the reforms did not achieve their desired result, with gradual ongoing Russian and British competitions to gain the most leverage in Iran as well as in the military. As in the period of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah, which is itself a kind of transitional era and a turning point for the change of the foundations of centuries of monarchy in Iran, the status of the Iranian army was degraded for some reason. Therefore, the present study, with a historical descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of why the Iranian Army decline during the Mozafariperiod. Following this question, while describing the situation of the Iranian army during the Mozhafi period, we will discuss the reasons for the decline of the Iranian army during the period under discussion. The findings of this study indicate that factors such as lack of discipline, lack of military training, lack of modern equipment, and lack of attention to military affairs have played a role in the decline of the Iranian army during the Mozhafi period.

Empire during the Qajar period is the Treaty of Akhal. The agreement was signed between the Iranian Foreign Minister, MirzaSa'eed Khan Mo'tamenol-Mulk and Ivan Zinoviev, the Russianambassador, in Tehran; following the acquisition of Turkestan and the eastern part of the Caspian Sea. This research aims to analyze the results and implications of the treaty of Akhal (1260s) through descriptive-analytical methods, as well as the role of the Britain in concluding this disgraceful contract, which is less frequently mentioned in the historical books. The findings of the study indicate that the treaty will increase the scope of the separation of the northern provinces by the Russians and increase their influence in Iran, an objective representation of which was in the 1907 agreement that divided Iran into three parts of the north and south and the neutral central region, and the role of Britain was also very effective in signing this treaty, because by assignmentIranian Turkmen Sahra from the East of the Caspian Sea to Russia, it would prevent its influence in the southern regions of Iran, which was under British influence.

While Agha Mohammad Khan became increasingly powerful, and the Russians land claims over the Caucasus – that embedded in the national and ideal Iranian boundaries-at the same time the Turkmen attacks on the Greater Khorasan, plunder of the region, and the capture of women and men and the prevalence of feudal system in around of Iran, the need to revive the Iranian historical borders has become significant importancefor the people of this country. Agha Mohammad Khan, aware of this fact, stated that the main goal of the long struggle was to revive the historical borders of Iran. With descriptive-analytic method, this research studies the Qajar's efforts to revive Iran's historical borders and its goals and outcomes. The findings show that Agha Mohammad Khan acknowledged and understood the borders of Iran in the ancient and Safavid times and its significance for the formation of a new government. He announced his main government program to revive Iran's historic borders and tried to legitimize his military campaigns and actions during the monarchy in this way.

The central government of Ghazni, despite the powerful empire, faced many problems at the end of its rule in Khorasan, and the danger of the Seljuk Turks being present for Ghaznavids was a very significant threat. The study of security, disciplinary, and economic dimensions of cities, including Khorasan, which is one of the central issues in history, is important in this period. Ghaznavids were unsuccessful in adapting their policies to the economic and political interests of Khorasan. The heavy cost of the Ghaznavi court caused extortion of huge sums of money from the peasant and confiscation of wealthyby the Ghaznavi tax collectors. On the other hand, the presence of pressure groups in the plains of the Transoxiana, which sought to reach suitable pasture lands and escape the looting of the Ghazans, placed Khorasan in their desires. Thenumerousbattles between the Ghaznavids and the Seljuks made Khorasan a ruin. The conditions of security, climate, environment, and geography of Khorasan were effective in defeating the Ghaznavids from the Seljuks. Famine, dehydration, the preferential attitude of merchants and landowners of Khorasan to the policies of the Ghaznavid government were one of the main factors in the defeat of Ghaznavids in the Battle of Dandanaqan.

QalehGanj city, located in the southernmost part of the KermanProvince, is one of the areas that due to special geographical position – neighbouronSistan and Baluchestan Province-has always been prone to the arrival of villainsand drug traffickers. Therefore, the establishment of order and security in this area was a very important issue, which in every historical period has been severely weakened by the attention of the state apparatus. The main issue of the present study is to examine the security situation in this area in the present century to determine which government at any time what kind of mechanisms has established the security of this particular region? Based on the findings of the research, the city of QalehGanj, due to its proximity to the Sistan and Baluchestan Province, andcities such Bam, have always witnessed the presence of villains and drug traffickers, and consequently Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and other military forces. In each historical period, the security of this area has been provided in a different way.