EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
Year:2021 | Volume:9 | Issue:18|Papers Count:10

Regarding the five-fold increase in unexpected accidents in the past decade and the increase in its human and financial losses, the relief supply chain has always been considered by humanitarian organizations as a suitable solution to reduce the cost of disaster. One of the most important fields in this area is the routing of vehicles, which has an important role in improving service to the injured. Undoubtedly, the selection of inappropriate routes for vehicles has a negative effect on timely and suitable relief operations. Several studies have been conducted in this regard, the models presented by them are often periodic and single-product, and the demand shortage of shelters is not permitted. In this research, a multi-product relief chain network has been proposed, including three main areas: vehicle maintenance centers, distribution centers for relief supply chains and shelters. The proposed mathematical model, with a goal to maximizing the supplied demand, by a minimum of vehicle and time, addresses the dynamically routing of vehicles. In the event of excess demand, at the end of the operational periods, the amount of unsupplied demand for each type of product will also be determined in terms of each shelter. In order to validate the proposed model, information of the 4th district of Tehran province, which is published in the basic papers, is utilized and has been solved by GAMS software. The results of the numerical solution of the model showed that all relief operations are in order to maximize the supply of demand in the shortest time. Also, the amount of unsupplied demand for shelters, the amount and type of goods carried, and the route of each vehicle’ s movement in each period, are other outcomes of the model.

Relief of injuries is one of the most important stages of crisis management that should be planned for it before the incident. Timely and productivity relief will significantly reduce the financial and human losses. Considering this necessity, in this paper, proposed a mixed-integer mathematical model of multiple transfer points and facilities location for the formation of a relief chain during the earthquake crisis, which facilities includes hospitals, rescue centers, warehouses and shelters. Screening the injuries according to the triage system and providing outpatient health care at the transfer points, transfer the yellow injuries to the relief centers, dual transfer of the red injuries to the hospital, paying attention to the type of goods needed at any point, and finally, adding budget constraint to set up facilities are the paper’ s assumptions that developed the transfer points and facilities location model. To evaluate the model in real term a case study was conducted in south-central regions of Tehran. Model was once solved with specified number of facilities, and again with consideration of budget constraint, in the second condition, better and more practical results were obtained. As the budget increases, the number of transfer points increases that indicating the importance of them in reducing the relief time. Therefore, the establishment of transfer points is an effective strategy in the efficiency of the relief process during a crisis. Attention to the distribution of hospitals in the city for the construction of new hospitals, the establishment of air rescue infrastructure in hospitals, identification of resistant buildings to change their use in crisis as a backup facility, and training the process of relief to citizens, are important solutions in the proper functioning of the relief chain.

Crises are the inevitable realities of human life; which is an accident that occurs naturally or suddenly or increasingly by human and to address it, there is a need for urgent and fundamental measures. When the crisis occurs, pre-determined storage locations will play an important role in relief; therefore, the selection of suitable places for warehouses is one of our main goals in this research. In this research, a bi-objective linear programing model with integer variables is developed. The proposed model attempt to minimize total cost along with maximizing the minimum weight of open shelter areas while deciding on the location of shelter areas, the assigned population points to each open shelter area and controls the utilization of open shelter areas. In order to solve proposed model, some of well-known multi-objective, exact methods include a weighted sum method, LP-metric method, and goal programing approach are employed. Finally, the best open shelter areas with considering the minimum cost is obtained, which these results can be useful for crisis organizations.

Every year, natural disasters around the world cause death, physical damage and many diseases. In recent decades, disasters and their effects throughout the world have been exponential, with many causes leading to an increase in incidence and deaths. Has been. Hence, the development and strengthening of national facilities, especially human resources, to reduce the impact of natural disasters is absolutely necessary. Considering the importance of the issue, the present study seeks to be effective factors in raising the team’ s efficiency during the crisis. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method, a descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of this research is all the operational teams of the Red Crescent Society of Kerman province. The population of the study consisted of 210 people, using the Cochran formula, the sample size was 135. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information that examined four components of organizational culture, professional ethics, leadership and work knowledge as well as the effectiveness of the team. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0. 799 and its validity was confirmed by experts. SPSS and Smart PLS2 software were used to analyze the data. Findings of the research showed that the variables of work knowledge, professional ethics and leadership of the team’ s effectiveness were positive, but organizational culture did not affect the team’ s effectiveness.

This paper presents a model for designing and representing a knowledge unit of a research unit in critical situations with a skill recognition and expertise approach. To do this, topics such as definitions of the map of knowledge and its types, the reason for mapping knowledge and its key principles of drawing, classification of knowledge maps, the advantages and disadvantages of such maps and case studies were studied. Then, by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the aforesaid, a six-step model was presented for representing the knowledge map in a research unit that consists of six steps: 1. identifying the field of knowledge. 2. Identifying supervisors and operational managers. 3. Extracting relationships between employees and also, meta-knowledge about people. 4. Extracting information and knowledge of people. 5. Drawing up knowledge map. 6. Providing mechanism for updating and analyzing strengths and weaknesses. The validation of the model was carried out in the form of a question from the experts familiar with the basics of knowledge management and crisis management, including 9 sample samples available.

Due to the rapid and extensive changes in the supply chain, organizations need to identify and evaluate the risk accurately in order to survive in the competitive cycle and to implement effective supply chain management. The supply chain consists of a diverse structure, and while today the variety of products to meet the needs of customers has become vast, custom manufacturing capabilities, which are in fact the same engineering structure as the order (ETO), are a competitive advantage. A preliminary study of the research shows that few studies have been carried out on the identification and ranking of Engineering-to-order supply chain risks. There are few information in the absence of experts or time constraints; some existing models do not provide accurate ranking of Engineeringto-order supply chain risks. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, Jackknife resampling method is used. In addition, it is difficult to determine the exact amount of risk in reality. For this purpose, the interval analysis method for estimating the risks in terms of the interval has been used according to the concept of the confidence interval and the opinions of the experts. Therefore, in this paper, using Jackknife resampling method with interval Analysis, the evaluation and ranking of the factors affecting the management of Engineering-to-order supply chain risks has been done. Calculation results of JackKnife resampling method and interval analysis shows that the categories of risks which is Dependent to order risks, Environmental’ s risks and Operational risks have the most priority among engineer-to-order supply chain risks.

Inadequate attention to emergency management can cause a great deal of damage. Therefore, the need to improve all emergency management processes to address Catastrophe and disaster through identifying and determination the interaction and relationships between critical success factors is It is very necessary. This study, in perspective of purpose is applied research and in terms of data collection is descriptive-exploration. Critical success factors in crisis management identifying through library studies and interviews with experts. Factors identified localized by fuzzy Delphi method by the opinion of 15 experts from emergency Management Organization and university professors, and selected in four main categories: “ Information and Technology Systems” , “ Operational” , “ Organizational” , and “ Human Resources” . Then, data were collected by paired comparisons questionnaire and field method and Data were analyzed by combining fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making and coding in Excel software. In this study of fuzzy analytical network process based FUZZY DEMATEL method was used to determine the interaction, weighting and importance of factors. The findings of FUZZY DEMATEL showed that the ‘ operational’ main factor is the most influenced of ‘ organizational’ , ‘ information and information systems’ and ‘ Human Resources’ factors for emergency management success, and ‘ organizational’ factors improved system performance. “ Operational” main factor and the “ response teams” sub-factor are the most important for success in emergency management. According to the results of this study, is expected to managers to improve the performance of emergency management with proper planning and attention to important factors and how their relationships.

The vital infrastructure forms the foundation of any society. And the everyday life of humans depends to a great extent on the operation of this infrastructure, and more interestingly, the infrastructure itself is dependent on one another for continuing to operate. Consider, for example, the infrastructure of water. How can it continue to operate without electricity infrastructure? The purpose of this paper is to analyze the attractiveness of water supply infrastructure, which is based on game theory. The theory of game theory is a mathematical approach that was first introduced in the field of economics and then entered other disciplines. The water network is always targeted at all major wars and hostilities as a fundamental basis. Considering the strategies of attack and resilience for the two countries, modeling of scenarios was done using the theory of games. After calculations, it was determined that among all the components of the water supply network of the refinery is of great importance. It was also determined that the theory of game theory is an effective method in the analysis of infrastructure and can be achieved with the desired results.

Drinking water in critical times such as an earthquake in a metropolitan area such as Tehran is the most important parameter to preserve the survival and sustainability of relief operations. Various types of emergency water supply methods have been discussed during the earthquake, and in particular the role of emergency tanks (always in the distribution network circuit) to provide quantitative and qualitative water supply for at least the first three days of crises and as a new generation water storage depots. The results of hydraulic analysis and modeling on dimensions, operating details and how to connect and deploy emergency tanks show that due to the proper flow of water in these tanks they can normally be used as part of the distribution network. The range of water stored in these tanks that will cover a radius of one thousand meters, using manual pumps, gasoline, in emergency situations, using a special smart valve and. . . it is distributed outside and for the benefit of the people who are affected. According to estimates by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in the event of an earthquake measuring about 7 on the Richter scale, access to about four million Tehran citizens will be cut off from drinking water for about 82 days. The project, if implemented, is expected to reduce the population to about one million people by 30 days and save about $ 400 million in costs and damages after a potential earthquake in Tehran.

Natural disasters, which are part of the process of human life, are a major challenge for the sustainable development of human societies. Consequently, the prevailing view of focusing on merely reducing vulnerability has shifted to increasing resilience to disasters. Resilience is defined as “ the amount of destruction and loss that a system can absorb without going out of equilibrium” and “ the ability of a system to self-organize in different conditions” . This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the vulnerability of urban spaces in Zargandeh neighborhood of Tehran and adopting strategies for resilience of vulnerable spaces. This research is applied and using the quantitative research method and descriptive-analytic approach, are extracting the indicators of physical resilience and measuring them in the scope of the study. in order to finalize the indicators, a questionnaire of urban science experts, and to prioritize them of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used. The results of the evaluation show that the texture and urban spaces of the central and eastern parts of the region are more vulnerable than other areas due to deterioration, Low width streets, access problems and high population density. Finally, it seems that taking measures to reduce the weakness of physical systems in urban spaces, as well as the education and making culture in the local community in the face with natural disasters, can be taken to promote resilience.