Environmental Erosion Research
Year:2020 | Volume:9 | Issue:4 (36)|Papers Count:6

1-Introduction: Various factors influence the karstification process in the dissolution of carbonate rocks. Karst is common influence result of internal morphodynamics (geological structure and lithology) and external morphodynamics (climate, altitude, vegetation, and time). They affect the karstification of the demise of carbonate rocks. Karst is the result of numerous methods that occur in calcareous zones and climatic, geological, and hydrological conditions, and its effects can be seen in multiple forms, such as pits and caves above and below ground. One of the climate indices that determines the environmental conditions is the amount of moisture and its changes. The presence of water is a significant climate factor in karst development. They reflected in the formation of the environment in several Forming systems: in the high elevations and latitudes as glacier systems, in the piedmont as ice sheet systems, in the marginal zone as ice tab and mudflat systems, in the lower zones as runoff and in the smaller pit as waterfall system (Seif et al., 2015). The solubility of carbonate rocks is sensitive to temperature changes (Ghobadi, 2009: 142); Limestone dissolution is more rapid at low temperatures and in colder climates, and the amount of karst erosion in cold and humid regions is much higher than in hot and humid regions (Zanganeh Asadi et al., 2002). With the impact of elevation on temperature and precipitation, erosion processes and consequently the face of the Earth and geomorphological phenomenon change (Alipour et al., 2017). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the physiographic differences of calcareous Zagros sub-basins concerning altitude variation and the interpretation of disagreements concerning temperature and precipitation elements. . . .

1-Introduction: Changing the forests and pasture landuses to agricultural lands is one of the major global concerns about environmental degradation and climate change. As a result of the rangeland and forest changes into agricultural land and also tillage operations, about 430 million hectares, representing 30% of the world's total plowed land, are annually eroded and leaving the optimal production cycle at different countries. Non-scientific and unknowingly land use changes have negative effects on desirable physical and chemical properties of soil. However, these lands have low production potential on one hand and high erodibility potential on the other hand. In the past four centuries, about 30 percent of the world's forests and natural grasslands have changed to pastures of livestock and agricultural land. Such activities reduce the input of fresh plant residues into soil and result in significant changes in physical and chemical properties of the soil (Haghighi et al., 2010). Landuse changing leads to loss of soil organic carbon, reducing nutrient availability and maintenance, changing soil biological community, degradation of soil structure, decreasing soil permeability and hydraulic conductivity and increasing soil bulk density (Golchin & Asghari, 2008). In addition, land use change and deforestation have increasingly increased CO2 that resulted in global warming and climate change in recent years. . . .

1. Introduction: Water erosion has been a problem worldwide, which causes the phenomenon of land degradation in semihumid areas of dry land. The risk of soil erosion in arid and semiarid areas, especially in mountain ranges is of significant cases in land use planning. Soil erosion in these areas is one of the important consequences of climate change, or in general, the obvious impacts of environmental and ecological changes. The erosion implications include soil loss, sediment deposition in reservoirs, and vegetation loss, and vegetation cover. Among the different cases of water erosion, gully erosion is one of the most important factors affecting soil destruction, land aspect change, and degradation of water resources and land setbacks. Due to the importance and role of gully erosion inland waste and land depletion, especially in the study area due to the existence of fertile agricultural land with high potential production and proximity of these lands to urban areas in Darrehshahr county, the aim of this study is identifying effective soil factors in the development of gully geometry characteristics and their prediction. Identifying effective factors in the development of this process can be an approach for helping managers and authorities to control and prevent the development of gully erosion. . . .

1-Introduction: Sarakhs is strategically and geopolitically important in Khorasan Razavi province and the country. Existence of Khangiran Refinery, Sarakhs Special Economic Zone, Silk Highway, Sarakhs Great Transit Customs, etc. . . It has led to the development and prosperity of the city that has added to the city's population in recent years. On the other hand, the three of the wind erosion crisis, and progress of the wind erosion zones in the region due to drought and the persistence of dust storms, are the most important threats to the strategic locations of the region. It is important for planners and managers to be aware of changes in wind erosion zones over a period of time and their relationship to climate. One of the most cost-effective ways to determine sandy zones variations is to use satellite images and related indicators. Among the many vegetation indices, NDVI is one of the global vegetation indices. On the other hand, global warming has had a significant impact on vegetation growth in recent years and has had a significant impact on vegetation dynamics. The purpose of this study was to compare the capability of detecting satellite and climate indices in the changes occurring in Sarakhs plain. That drought has detrimental effects on environmental and human resources, In this research, we are trying to identify the trend of expansion of sandy areas that is a serious threat to the resources available in Sarakhs city, using drought, dust storm and satellite indicators...

1-Introduction: Land use changes are identified as main driver for global changes with considerable effects on the ecosystems, climate and earth planet. At local to global scales, land resources have effective role on the humanity subsistence and ecosystem performance and its health. Changing in land use, degradation of vegetation and habitats are main causes for biodiversity destruction. Such changes are created by natural factors and anthropogenic activities (deforestation, agricultural unsuitable activities, overgrazing, etc. ) resulting in land degradation. Rainfall and temperature are the two most important climatic variables which they use to climatic zonation and classification, and these variables are effective factors on the human, natural, economic and agricultural activities. Regarding to great area of the coastal region in Iran, in order to assessing land degradation and desertification, monitoring effective cover, land use and climatic variables is vital, and therefore understanding relationship between land use changes and driver factors are essential....

1-Introduction: The land-use change is one of the critical worldwide issues that has caused a problem in natural resource sustainability. The dynamics of land-use and land-cover change (LULC) affected by the anthropogenic activities and climate change in arid areas, were caused environmental degradation of these areas. This process has the negative effects on soil physicochemical properties. Soil degradation is the key component of land degradation that affected by land-use changes. So that it causes organic waste carbon, decreases the soil aggregate stability and structure and, consequently the raises of soil erodibility. So to understand the impacts related to these changes in land-use (LU), assessment of the effects of these changes on soil characteristics is important. Therefore, the current study aim was to investigate the effect of land-use change on physico-chemical characteristics of soil and erosion in Sistan area....