POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY QUARTERLY
Year:2018 | Volume:3 | Issue:3 (11)|Papers Count:6

Introduction The sense of security in rural areas is associated with many factors, including the presence of foreigners and strangers from outside the village. As rural security is one of the most important factors in expanding tourism in rural areas, sometimes tourism in a village plays a significant role in improved sense of security of local people. Therefore, villages as a biological location that includes a dense population of diverse individuals and unique attractions will be able to perform their special functions only if the residents have an acceptable level of sense of security. For this reason, in this study, we tried to measure the sense of security among the villagers living in rural tourism destinations. Neyshabur County attracts many tourists thanks to its geographical and historical situation, as well as proximity to main roads. In addition, as the villages in this county are situated on the slope of the mountains, they are surrounded by numerous springs, waterfalls, and other natural attractions which attract many local and non-local tourists, which can serve as an important source of increased income for the villagers. Nevertheless, one of the important factors in development of tourism in the villages is the satisfaction of the villagers with the presence of tourists and the sense of security of the local people. Therefore, this research analyzes and evaluates the sense of security of local people in tourism villages...

Introduction Dena County in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province is one of the areas in Iran with more than 83% of its population with tribal culture living in villages. The dominance of this culture has led to a certain type of electoral behavior in this county. Although the electoral behavior can be judged as the highest political participation, it can hardly be considered as a symbol of political development. What is the impact of tribal culture and tribal elites on the electoral behavior of the villagers in Dena County is the main question of the present research. In order to answer this question, the impact of tribal culture on people's electoral behavior must be examined. The same question can be formulated in two research hypotheses: "there is a meaningful relationship between tribal culture and villagers' electoral behavior" and ''there is a meaningful relationship between the political viewpoints of the tribal elites and the electoral behavior of the villagers"...

Introduction Political geography is a science that offers a different and realistic view of the political structures of governments, combining political insights and determinants of geographic environment. It deals with the geographical structure of countries. Although the establishment of territorial governments and the formation of strong governments became the dominant global paradigm with the conclusion of the Treaty of Westphalia since the seventeenth century, it didn't take long that the sovereignty of the monarchs was vested in the nations. Nations became responsible for forming the government and they gained national sovereignty. This phenomenon has taken place all around the world in different quality and any government claim to have been ruled by its nation and they are trying to consolidate the foundations of its government even more by strengthening the intellectual foundation of nation. But this approach faces with many challenges in the West Asian region which is the cradle of Islamic civilization. Therefore, this paper aims to analysis those challenges by using descriptive-analytical approach. It seems that the political thought of Islam rejects them by taking indicators which can lead the foundation of the nation-state and offers different basics and characteristics. Indicators taken from the explicit text of the Quran, the prophetic manner of the Prophet (peace is upon him) and the teachings of the Imams (AS) signify God's direct role in absolute sovereignty over the world and in the establishment of a state based on religious and religious beliefs...

Introduction Countries with access or no access to open seas forms the different geographical location of coastal peninsula, island or landlocked state, respectively. Sea and ocean environment is different from land environments in terms of features. An area of ocean is three times larger than the land. Water bodies are spherical cohesion while the land suffers fragmentation of space. Water bodies have an inclusive position and land area has a peripheral one. Sea power is one of the most important aspects of the state’ s national power. Most of the world powers (past and present) have coastal and sea geographical positions. The sea position provides countries many options in all economic, political, cultural, and social dimensions, which continental countries are deprived of them. Continental and land-based military powers have limited military power. Traditional and modern sea powers have a spherical function, in view of their respective characteristics of the marine environment. Most of these countries have always had a maritime trade approach and have supported open economic policies. The sea powers are present in the seas in economic, military, political and legal forms. Sea power is not considered proper in evaluating national power because it includes different factors. Sea power is the only aspect of national power that can be present in different water bodies, and is not affected land and air power limitations. Many variables and elements affect states’ sea power. Various factors such as human, geographical-territorial, technological, economic, political, etc. shape the sea power of the states. These factors interact with each other. This article investigates the role of human geographic factors in the states’ sea power.

Introduction Iran has many various and different neighbors. The variation of the neighborhood consists of the diversities of geographical characters, strategic status, political dependence, security concerns, geoeconomic characters, and historical, civilizations and cultural specifications. Fifteen neighbors of Iran have very dissimilarities with together and Iran. Foreign policy as a core concept of International Relations is the country’ s orientation towards other countries. Also, Foreign policy consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard the national interests and to achieve goals in the international community. It seems that the Foreign policy has a very crucial role and status in the process of the development of nations. The main purpose of foreign policy is to conduct foreign relations to protect national interests and promote them to the best possible advantage. The presupposition of this paper is to conduct the multilateral foreign policy and put aside the one dimensional foreign policy in the present Iran’ s foreign policy. The main purpose of this essay is a description of the present foreign policy of Iran and prescribing to change the entity and conducts of Iran’ s post-revolutionary foreign policy. For this purpose, the author has constructed the three categories: Central [Middle], Corridor [Passage], and Linkage [Connection] country. Writer of present paper tries to show the important matter: Iran as a multiregional and trans-regional country cannot follow of one logic and behavior in the foreign policy; especially because of the post-revolutionary foreign policy is tagged by the one dimensional character...

Introduction The “ cooperation” element in Tehran-Moscow relations in a number of cases such as the fight against terrorism, arms deal, and participation in implementing nuclear facilities has risen to a high level of “ importance” ; meanwhile, analysts have used notions such as “ strategic unity” and “ strategic partnership” to describe and analyze the relations between the two nations. Nevertheless, given the occurrence of the “ tension” element in these relations due to factors such as Russia’ s agreement with the approval of the Security Council’ s Resolutions against Iran and refraining from the delivery of S-300 missile system to the Islamic Republic, a number of analysts have opposed the “ hypothesized strategic” relations between Iran and Russia. By conducting a comparison between the concept of “ strategic relations” and the relation between the two countries, the present study seeks to provide answers to the aforementioned ambiguities. Subsequently, the purpose of this study is to examine the requirements and components for the formation of strategic relations and offer a notion to analyze Iran-Russia relations.