Pathobiology Research
Year:2020 | Volume:23 | Issue:4|Papers Count:7

Introduction: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7, the most common strains, are causes diarrhea that can kill hundreds of thousands of children annually. The development of an effective combination vaccine for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is very important. Materials and Methods: In this study, the sicl gene was amplified and Subcloned as a DNA vaccine. The sequence of antigen encoding genes was evaluated from the genebank and their epitopes were evaluated to design of primer for the synthetic chimeric gene and was amplified by PCR. Subcloning of a multipartal chimeric gene in eukaryotic expression vector was performed to make a DNA vaccine and finally the protein was purified by nickel chromatography and evaluated by Western blotting. Results: The immunoblotting results of the expression of SICL chimeric protein indicated the presence of a 76 kDa band in the form of insoluble particles after 12 hours induction. Purification of the recombinant protein using His tag sequencee and confirmation of the purified protein with the recombinant protein specific antibody demonstrated the accuracy of the protein expression. Discussion & Conclusion: Protein expression, purification and verify by western blotting showed that this recombinant chimeric protein (SICL) can be expressed in eukaryotic host.

Background and Objective: Epilepsy is one of the most neurological disease. Despite existence of synthetics drugs for epilepsy, some patients suffer from side effects of available medicine and its drug resistance seizures. Use of traditional herbal medicine for treatment of disease is proposed as a therapeutic modality. In attention to components of Hyssopus officinalis L and use of it in folk medicine, the aim of this investigation was to study of the anti-convulsive effects of Hyssopus officinalis L extract on seizure development. Material and methods: In this experimental study 56 adult male mice divided into 7 groups (n=8) including: 1-kindel group receiving only Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) at every 48 hours (45 mg/kg of body weight), until animal show stage 5 seizure 3 – 5 times. Control group that only receiving salin. 4 experimental groups that 30 minutes before PTZ injection received hyssopus by gavages in doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of body weight and in addition to, positive control group animals, received diazepam by intraperitoneal injection in doses of 2 mg/kg. Results: Data analysis indicated that treatment with hyssopus has a significant effect on chemical kindling process that comparable with diazepam. It decreases progress of seizure behavioral stages considerably (P˂ 0. 05) and increases latency time of seizure significantly (P˂ 0. 05) but don’ t has significant effect on seizure duration. Conclusion: The results shows extract of Hyssopus officinalis L has anticonvulsant effect on PTZ kindling process. Thus, it may to be beneficial for seizure treatment

Toxoplasma gondii can affect the human liver and cause pathological changes such as hepatomegaly, granuloma, hepatitis, necrosis and liver cirrhosis may result to chronic liver disease. Objective: The aim in this study was to determine the rate of toxoplasmosis infection in chronic liver disease patients with HCV positive disease and in fatty liver patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 samples prepared from three groups, including individuals with hepatitis C, persons with grade 2 and higher fatty liver disease, and patients without liver complications as a control group during 1397 and 1398. Serum and whole blood were taken from each subject for ELISA and PCR study. Toxoplasma IgG kit was used for ELISA test and two pairs of specific primers were used to amplify T. gondii GRA6 gene in Nested-PCR. Results: Out of 50 controls, only 3 (6%) showed positive chronic toxoplasmosis. Of 50 patients with HCV +, 21 (42%) and of 50 patients with fatty liver disease showed 17 (34%) infection with chronic toxoplasmosis. This difference in infection ratio was statistically significant (P <0. 01). No positive sample was observed in the Nested-PCR test for detecting T. gondii. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate an association between chronic toxoplasmosis and patients with hepatitis C and fatty liver. Therefore, toxoplasmosis could be assumed as a predisposing factor for the survival of chronic liver disease.

Aims: A decrease or an increase in the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the nervous system, via affecting the expression of certain molecules, induces dysfunctions in signaling pathways leading to neuronal death and neurodegenerative movement disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs in movement disorders. Materials & Methods: Literature in PubMed between 2000-2020 with keywords of ncRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and neurodegenerative movement disorder were searched. Then, the related data on the role and molecular mechanisms of the involvement of ncRNAs in Parkinson’ s disease, Huntington’ s disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) were reviewed. Findings: The findings indicate that the alterations in the expression of microRNAs and lncRNAs through affecting the expression of essential molecules for neuronal survival such as neurotrophic factors and anti-oxidants cause neuronal cell death and induce neurodegenerative movement disorders, including Parkinson’ s disease, Huntington’ s disease, and ALS. Besides, pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that ncRNAs levels in the body fluids may serve as biomarkers in early diagnostic and monitoring the progression of movement disorders. New therapeutics based on targeting ncRNAs, especially miRNAs, have been developed and examined in animal models, which makes a hope to be appropriate candidates in controlling the progression of movement disorders in human patients in the near future. Conclusion: It can be concluded that knowing effective ncRNAs and the related molecular mechanisms involved in movement disorders will result in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the movement disorders.

Pregnancy, as one of the crucial periods in the mother and fetus life, is extremely vulnerable to impairments such as drugs abuse. Every year, a large number of drug-addicted newborns are born due to mother's addiction. Drug abuse during pregnancy leads to appearance of several negative consequences for baby, such as an increased risk of preterm birth and congenital deficits. On the other hand, it affects the cognitive development of children like learning and memory, attention, language, problem solving skills and execuative functions by causing impairments in the central nervous system learning, memory and attention of the fetus and it also leads to cognitive and behavioral disorders such as depression, hyperactivity and anxiety. Opioids are lipophilic drug, whereas the placental membrane is a lipoprotein, diffused from maternal to fetal compartments easily. Prenatal exposure to opioids delays the growth and development of the brain and neural structures in the embryonic or postnatal period. Considering the effect of maternal addiction on all aspects of health and susceptibility to addiction in later life of children, efforts to prevent, treatment and control drug abuse in pregnancy are essential. Therefore, in the present article, the effects of prenatal exposure to opioids on cognitive functions are reviewed.

Aims: Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous virus with a high rate of prevalence worldwide. In recent years, a new form of the virus genome has been identified called chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (ciHHV6). Further studies are required to elucidate the relation between ciHHV-6 and other clinical complications. The purpose of this study was to summarize the literature on different clinical aspects of the ciHHV-6 integration and its prevalevce in different communities. Materials and methods: Search keywords include HHV-6, integrated genome, telomeric regions and integrated HHV-6. Scientific databases such as scopus, PubMed and google scholar with no specified start date were used for information collection. Findings: About 1% of global populations are infected with ciHHV-6. Real-time PCR can be used to differentiate between ciHHV-6 and HHV-6 acute infection in which the viral load will be higher in ciHHV-6 compared to the acute infection. However, ciHHV-6 can be confirmed by evidence of one copy of viral DNA in hair or nail follicles. It has been shown that ciHHV-6 may disrupt the telomer stability. Conclutions: To date, no treatment has been discovered to remove the viral genome from the host cells. Taken together, the integrated form of the HHV-6 genome could be linked to the various diseases, including heart and autoimmune diseases. But further studies are needed to find its association with other diseases in different geographic area.

Aims Despite many advances in cancer treatment and control, significant deficiencies remain and the rate of cancer growth is increasing. Due to the side effects of using chemicals and radiation, the use of herbs can have fewer side effects for the patient. The aim of the current study is to investigate the potential anticancer effects of alcoholic extract of Lavender on inhibition and growth of HepG2 cell lines. Materials & Methods In this study, the effect of alcoholic extract of lavender (1, 10, 100, and 1000μ g/ml) on HepG2 liver cancer cell line was studied. MTT assay was used to evaluate the toxicity of lavender extract and cell viability. Cell cycle changes were assessed using a flow cytometer. Oxygen-free species production and membrane lipid peroxidation were also measured. Findings The results showed that alcoholic extract of Lavender has anticancer effect on HepG2 cell line. After confirming the effect of lavender extract on cell cycle, the results obtained from the evaluation of membrane lipid peroxidation and production of free reactive species were also significant. Conclusion According to the results of this study, the alcoholic extract of Lavender was reported as a potential anticancer agent and is one of the therapeutic strategies in liver cancer.