Journal of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:4 (29)|Papers Count:12

Introduction: Prebiotics are indigestible substances in the upper gastrointestinal tract that have a positive effect on the health host improvement due to the stimulation of growth and activity of a group of beneficial bacteria in the colon (probiotics). Short-chain fructooligosaccharides such as β-glucan fibre, resistant starch, pectin, inulin and many indigestible carbohydrates are examples of prebiotic compounds. Inulin is a storage biological polymer composed of D-fructose molecules with β (1 2) bonds, which at the end has a D-glucose molecule with α (2 1) bond. Inulin configuration and arrangement of fructose monomers causes inulin to be indigestible in the human gastrointestinal tract and Inulin doesn't increase blood sugar levels. Also, inulin has beneficial effects on the composition of the intestinal flora, minerals absorption, the combination of blood lipids and the prevention of colon cancer. Inulin stimulates the growth of health beneficial microorganisms while inhibiting enteropathogenic bacteria. The beneficial microorganisms ferment inulin and produce acids including short-chain fatty acids that lower the pH in the colon and inhibit pathogens. The amount of inulin in different plants varies from 1% in bananas to more than 15% in chicory root. Fructan-type inulin is found mainly in a variety of dicotyledonous plants belonging to the genus Astrases, including chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, artichoke, dandelions and dahlia. The present study introduces the most common of salutary prebiotic combinations, especially inulin.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of motor imagery training after exercise on motor memory consolidation in the elderly. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the study consisted of healthy men and women in Mashhad nursing homes 22 persons were randomly assigned to 2 groups: motor imagery and control (each group included 11 participants). Interventions in experimental groups include acquisition, retention after 24 hours, and retention after one week(retention 2). Motor memory task included performing a finger sequence, after which a complete simulation Supplement practice of motor imagery for the experimental group and a book study was performed for the control group for 15 minutes. Statistical analysis was an analysis of variance with repeated measures (to determine the effectiveness of motor imaging practice) as well as Bonferroni's post hoc test to identify significant improvement and covariance analysis test to compare two groups (motor imagery and control). Results: The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in retention 2 (F = 87. 9, P = 0. 005), and motor imagery protracted further gains in performance rather than the control group. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of motor imagery practice as supplemental practice made significant improvements in different stages. Also, the results showed that motor imagery training is effective in improving motor memory consolidation in the elderly after one week.

Introduction: Psychological health means providing and promoting individual and social mental health, prevention, and appropriate treatment of mental illness and rehabilitation of mental patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of nurses' psychological health and resilience of patients in surgical wards. Materials and methods: This research has been done by a descriptive-correlation method with applied nature in 2020. The statistical population includes patients of surgical wards of Namazi Hospital in Shiraz. Using Cochran's formula, 115 patients were selected as the sample. The sampling method is simple random and the informed consent form of participation in the research is also taken from the sample. The measurement tools in this study are Fallah standard questionnaire (2019 for measuring mental health and Connor and Davidson's (2003) standard questionnaire for measuring resilience. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0. 87 and its validity was obtained using the opinion of experts. Artificial neural networks and the Spearman test were used to analyze the data. Statistical analyzes were also performed using SPSS software number 22. Results: The mean scores of patients' evaluation of the emotional adjustment variable were 4. 71 out of 5 with a standard deviation of 1. 03, emotional intelligence 4. 45 with a standard deviation of 1. 11, social adjustment 4. 31 with a standard deviation of 1. 10, environmental factors 4. 18 with a standard deviation 1. 15, communication-social 4. 07 with a standard deviation of 1. 17 and 4. 75 with a standard deviation of 1. 02 was calculated. Conclusion: There is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of mental health and resilience, so by improving, strengthening, and developing the dimensions of mental health of nurses, the degree of resilience of patients against the wind can be increased.

Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by Candida species that affects millions of women every year. Due to increased drug resistance, selection of appropriate drugs has an effective role in controlling and improving the infection. The present study aimed to determine the frequency and drug susceptibility pattern in Candida species isolated from VVC in Gerash city. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on vaginal samples of 268 patients referred to Amir-al-momenin Ali hospital in Gerash city, for six months from September 2018 to September 2019. All samples were examined direct microscopic and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium with chloramphenicol (50mg/L). Candida species were identified using standard phenotypic tests and sugar assimilation tests (API20C). The drug susceptibility pattern was investigated by the Kirby-Bauer method. The Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 268 vaginal samples, 79 cases (29. 47%) were positive for Candida species, among them 48 candida albicans strains (60. 75%) and 31 Nonalbicans candida species (24. 39%) were isolated. Itching (51. 89%) was the most common clinical symptom. The most and the least drug resistance in candida species was observed to Fluconazole (64. 55%) and Amphotericin B (6. 32%), respectively. Conclusion: The VVC caused by Candida albicans is more common in comparison with Non-albicans candida species. For the initial treatment of Vulvovaginal candidiasis, the use of Amphotericin B and Caspofungin drugs is recommended.

Introduction: The resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is increasing, and researchers are considering replacing effective antimicrobial agents with fewer side effects. One strategy is to focus on phytochemical activities with antimicrobial properties. Researchers have now studied a variety of plants that could be potential sources of antimicrobial agents. Scabiosa extract has high antioxidant, flavonoid, and terpene properties. Materials and Methods: After collecting the plant and preparing the methanolic extract, first, in order to identify the phytochemical compounds of the extract, GC/MS analysis was performed. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were calculated by the microbroth dilution method. Results: Chemical analysis of the extract revealed 85 compounds, most of which were alpha-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, P-xylene, and phytol. The MIC for S. aureus, E. coli, and C. Albicans was also calculated to be 12. 5, 25, and 50 mg/ml, respectively. The MBC value was also determined as 50 mg/ml for S. aureus and E. coli and 100 mg/ml for C. albicans. All tests were performed as a duplicate. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that due to the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of this plant, its extract could be used as a substitute with minimal side effects for the treatment of common infections and inflammatory diseases.

Introduction: Biofilm can be called a bacterial community that often forms on living or nonliving surfaces and is common in natural, industrial, and hospital environments. Klebsiella pneumoniae as a pathogen has the potential to produce biofilms. Understanding biofilm formation in biofilm-forming bacteria is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm formation in isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from urinary tract infections of Samen Al-Aeme Hospital in Bojnourd using two phenotypic methods: Concord agar and tube turbidity. Materials and Methods: The present study examined 30 samples of positive cultures with Klebsiella pneumoniae isolation from patients with urinary tract infections referred to Samen Al-Aeme Hospital in Bojnourd. Biochemical tests such as gram stain, urea, simon citrate, and TSI were performed to confirm the isolates. Isolations for biofilm formation were investigated by the Congo Red Agar method and tube testing. Results: In this study, 50% of the isolates had strong biofilm and 16. 66% had moderate biofilm. Also, in the turbidity method, 33. 33% of the pipes had strong biofilm and 40% had medium biofilm. Conclusion: In the two methods studied, the studied isolates were able to produce biofilm. Due to the production of biofilm in bacteria and its importance in pathogenesis and increasing bacterial resistance against common antibiotics, it is very important to study the production of biofilm.

Introduction: bacteria species; Burkholderia pseudomallei, Vibrio cholera, and Shigella dysenteriae are the main pathogen causing Melioidosis, Cholera, and Shigella in humans respectively. bacterial species have a protein that has antigenic prosperities along with being a mucus based adjuvant thus easing their delivery and immunogenicity. These proteins were BLF1(B. pseudomallei), CTxB (V. cholera), and StxB (S. dysenteriae). The goal of this study was a chimeric gene composed of Blf1, CTxB, and StxB and expression of these proteins from E. coli. Materials and Methods: Using Bioinfoamtic tools such as Protparam and Modeller the different combinations of the chimeric protein were assessed. The blf1 and stxB genes were PCR amplified from pET28a-BFL1-StxB. The 850bp fragment encompassing BFL1-StxB was cloned using SalI and NotI in the pET28a-CTxB vector. The engineered plasmid was transformed in BL21(DE3). The ctxB-stxB-blf1 gene was expressed following induction with IPTG. This induction was then assessed using SDS-PAGE. Results: Chimeric protein instability index gets 40. 06 and the half-life of it in E. coli was over 10 hours. Codon Adaptive Index (CAI) rise to 0/9 and GC content increase to 54. 9. The optimal vaccine combination for the chimeric protein was determined to be CTxB-BLF1-StxB. Expression of recombinant protein in E. coli led to the production of a chimeric protein with 48 kDa molecular weight. Conclusion: The findings of the current study revealed that this antigen can be raised as a recombinant vaccine candidate which can be due to such factors as a property of the ability to stop protein synthesis in BLF1, CTxB adjuvant, and delivery of StxB protein.

Introduction: Improving physical performance and delaying fatigue by using nutritional supplements always has been interesting in athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks’ watermelon juice on nitric oxide and exercise performance in elite female taekwondo. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five elite female taekwondo players (age 21. 84± 2. 26 yrs; BMI 20. 87± 1. 37 Kg/m2; VO2max 38. 86± 1. 97 ml/min/kg) who had a training experience of more than five years were randomly and voluntary divided into two groups of watermelon juice supplement (n=15) and placebo (n=10). Subjects received 500 ml of watermelon juice or placebo 45 minutes before the taekwondo training sessions for six weeks. Blood samples were taken in the brachial vein in two steps; before and after 6 weeks of supplementation. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent t-test (p≤ 0. 05). Results: The results of this study showed levels of nitric oxide (P=0. 016) and VO2max (P=0/001) significantly greater compared to the placebo group. Also, there was a significant decrease in muscle soreness 24 and 48 hours after exercise in the supplement group compared to the placebo group (p≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, watermelon juice will help faster recovery and reduce muscle soreness after 24 and 48 hours follow exercise.

Introduction: Phlebotomus papatasi, the main vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis with the agent of Leishmania major is in Iran that is widely distributed in the country. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of climatic factors on the presence probability of a vector in some counties of Khuzestan Province. Materials and MethodsL: In this cross-sectional study, sand flies were collected from 5 selected counties during two seasons. The climatic information of the study areas was obtained from the Meteorological Organization. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to investigate the presence probability of the main vector with environmental variables. The spatial distribution of the main vector was prepared in ArcGIS 10. 5. Results: Of the 884 collected sand flies, 506 of them were Ph. papatasi. The highest number of Ph. papatasi was observed in Ahvaz 151 (29. 8%) and the lowest number was observed in Andimeshk 4 (0. 79%). There was a significant difference between the geographical location and the probability of being the main vector of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis (P˂ 0. 0001). The temperature was significantly different in the sampling areas (P= 0. 024). With the influence of the temperature factor, the highest and lowest probability of vector was reported in Dasht-e-Azadegan (0. 71 ± 0. 05) and Andimeshk (0. 01 ± 0. 03), respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, Ph. papatasi is a dominant species. By controlling the confounding effect of environmental factor, temperature, there was a significant difference between the presence probability of this species in Andimeshk county with other counties.

Introduction: Considering the growth of antibiotic resistance and the study of new ways in Nanobiotechnology, this study examines the therapeutic effect of silver nanoparticles on E. coli bacteria to control and find new treatments against ESBL isolates of Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods: For 100 samples of Escherichia coli, antibiotic resistance was determined by disc method for 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics and then for DDT confirmatory isolates. The effect of silver nanoparticles on ESBL isolates by well diffusion method and further on MIC and MBC was also done. SPSS software was used to analyze and evaluate the results and in all cases p <0. 05 was considered significant Results: The rate of resistance to 3 antibiotics of the third generation cephalosporin in this study was 45%, 20%, and 44%, respectively. A confirmation test in the presence of Clavulanic acid showed that 85. 5% of the samples were an ESBL and the most inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles was obtained by diffusion method at concentrations of 4000 ppm, 2000, 1000. The highest MIC values belonged to the concentration of 15. 62 ppm and the lowest MIC concentration was 7. 8 ppm. In determining MBC in isolates, the highest and lowest concentrations with a fatal effect were 62. 5 ppm and 7. 8 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The minimum concentration of nanosilver is 7. 8 ppm and MBC obtained to eliminate E. coli 7. 8 ppm. Therefore, the colloid silver nanoparticle solution exhibits an excellent antibacterial activity at low concentrations

Introduction: The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks’ exercise training and ozone therapy on articular cartilage tissue mRNA Beclin-1, AMPK, and mTOR gene expression in rat’ s model of osteoarthritis (OA). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male rats 210± 10 gr were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1) control (CN), 2) OA, 3) OA + ozone, 4) OA + exercise training and 5) OA + ozone + exercise training groups. The knee OA was induced by the surgical method in rats. The exercise training included running on a treadmill for 8 weeks, five times a week, and 35-45 minutes in an exercise session and with 18m per minute speed. Rats in the ozone group received ozone (O3) at a concentration of 20μ g/ml, once weekly for 3 weeks. 48 hours after the programs and fasting, cartilage tissues were isolated, and articular cartilage tissue mRNA Beclin-1, AMPK, and mTOR gene expression were considered using Real-Time PCR (RTPCR). Results: In cartilage tissue, Beclin-1levels had a significant decrease in the OA group, but AMPK and mTOR levels increase. Ozone, exercise training, and ozone + exercise training Caused to reverse the process (P=0. 009). But, there was no significant difference between these groups (P≥ 0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, ozone therapy and moderate-intensity exercise training Increase Beclin-1levels in the articular cartilage tissue. However, moderate-intensity exercise training with adjustable levels of mTOR may Play a greater role in the control of articular chondrocyte autophagy in rat’ s model of OA.

Introduction: Side effects of drugs have always been controversial issues in medical science. To date, sufficient researches were not performed on the side and pathological effects of Teucrium polium as an herb in the fetus. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the pathological effects of Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract on chorioallantoic fluid composition, weight, growth, external and internal tissues of the fetus using a chick embryo model. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 Ross 308 embryonated eggs were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. In the first group (control), 0. 5 CC of phosphate buffer saline and the second and third groups, Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract with doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg egg-weight were inoculated into the eggs. Embryos were allowed to develop until day 18 and then examined for macroscopic and microscopic lesions. Results: Injection of e hydroalcoholic extract caused a disturbance in the weight, growth, and biochemical factors of the chorioallantoic fluid during the growth period. The most pathological effects were observed in the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney of the embryos which received the Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Conclusion: Teucrium polium hydroalcoholic extract can produce various pathological effects in the external organ, internal organ, and the chorioallantoic fluid. Considering the consumption of this herb in different regions of Iran, it is recommended that its usage be taken with caution, especially during pregnancy.