مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
سال:1395 | دوره:34 | شماره:415 |تعداد مقالات:8

Background: Regardless of the exact reason, it is important to identify patients who are at greater risk for pain. There are few studies about the effects of age and gender in pain perception during and after deep vitrectomy; so, we performed this study to evaluate the effects of these two factors in this regard.Methods: In a descriptive study, 440 patients scheduled for deep vitrectomy were randomly allocated to three age groups, group 1: 17-34, group 2: 35-52, and group 3: 53-70 years old. General anesthesia was performed in the same manner in all the groups. Pain intensity [based on the visual analog scale (VAS)] and additional opioid consumption was assessed on entrance to the recovery room, and 30 and 60 minutes and 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours after arrival it. Findings: Pain intensity in time of entrance to recovery room was 3.73±1.46, 3.05±1.08 and 4.19±2.03 in groups of 17-34, 35-52 and 53-70 years, respectively and the difference between the groups was significant (P<0.001). The patients aged 53-70 years had more pain intensity compared with the other age groups from arrival to the recovery room until 24 hours postoperatively (P<0.050 for all the times). In addition, the pain intensity was significantly higher in women compared to men from arrival to the recovery room until 4 hours postoperatively (P<0.05 for all the times). The number of patients requiring pethidine was not significantly different between the three groups all the times during 24 hours postoperatively (P>0.050 for all).Conclusion: Women and elder patients experience more intense pain after deep vitrectomy.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent infectious diseases and can occur in all age groups. Due to various complications of urinary tract infections, timely and proper treatment seems important. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic resistant pattern in Escherichia coli derived from outpatients and inpatients with urinary tract infections in Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran Methods: 135 isolates of Escherichia coli (from urine) were collected from September to February, 2013, from Alzahra Hospital (Isfahan, Iran). The samples were cultured on nutrient agar, Mac Conkey agar, Blood agar and Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar. Bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Findings: Among 135 Escherichia coli isolates, 91 isolates belonged to outpatients and 44 to inpatients. In total, 68% of the participants were women. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were higher than 50%. The rates of resistance to ceftazidime, ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefepime, and cefotaxime in outpatients were higher than in inpatients.Conclusion: Due to excessive use of antibiotics and increasing antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to perform antibiotic resistance tests routinely in laboratories.