JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC DENTAL ASSOCIATION OF IRAN (MAJALLAH-I-DANDANPIZISHKI)
Year:2006 | Volume:18 | Issue:1 (58)|Papers Count:17

Background and Aim: Odontogenic tumors are a heterogeneous group of lesions having various histologic types and clinical behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of such tumors in children and adolescents referred to Oral Pathology Department, Tehran Faculty of Dentistry.Materials and Methods: In this case series study, the information about type of tumor, gender, age and the location of odontogenic lesions among patients younger than 18 years old, referred to oral and maxillofacial pathology Department (1962-2002) were collected and analyzed using SPSS software.Results: In this study, 158 (4.69%) odontogenic tumors were found among subjects less than 18 years old. The most common type was odontoma (n = 47, 29.7%) and the least one was central odontogenic fibroma (n = 1, 0.6%). Out of 158 odontogenic tumors, 57% were in mandible and 43% in maxilla. The prevalence rates among girls and boys were 53.2% and 46.8%, respectively. The age ranges for tumor involvement were from birth to 6 years (2.53%), from 6 to 12 years (18.98%) and from 12 to 18 years (78.48%).Conclusion: The prevalence rate of odontogenic tumors was higher in mandible among girls and the age ranging from 12 to 18 years. According to the present study, odontoma showed the highest prevalence rate among other odontogenic tumors.  

Background and Aim: Microbial plaque has been recognized as the main cause of periodontal diseases. The anatomy and morphology of the furcation area may favour plaque accumulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the upper and lower first molars morphologically and anatomically.Materials and Methods: In this this descriptive study, 151 upper first molars and 222 lower first molars were randomly collected and measured regarding root trunk length, diameter of furcation entrance and degree of root concavity.Results: In lower molars, the averages of furcation entrance and root trunk diameter were more in buccal than lingual aspect (0.53 mm vs. 0.49 mm and 4.28 mm vs. 2.94 mm). The average concavity of mesial was more than distal root (0.98 mm vs. 0.54 mm) in lower molars. In upper molars, the average of distal furcal entrance was the most (0.72 mm) whereas the buccal furcal entrance diameter was the least (0.54 mm). In addition, the average root trunk was more in mesial (3.22 mm) than buccal (2.74 mm) and distal (2.93 mm) surfaces. The average concavity of mesial root was the most (0.25 mm) whereas palatal and distal roots had some degrees of concavity as 37.7% and 8%, respectively.Conclusion: The furcation areas of the first molars, in most cases, can not be thoroughly cleaned with the blade of conventional curettes.

Background and Aim: The number of roots, the number and configuration of root canals in distal root of lower first molar teeth display a wide range of variations and having knowledge of the internal anatomy of the roots plays an important role in the success of each endodontic therapy.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro descriptive study, the internal anatomy of distal root of 310 lower first permanent molar teeth extracted from people living in different cities in Iran were studied to investigate the percentage of two root canals, the number of roots, the type and number of root canals based on Vertucci's classification using staining - section method. A syringe with gauge 27 needle was used to inject Fushin 1% into the distal root canals. Fushin color penetration was assisted by a vaccum suction applied apically. The distal roots were then sectioned horizontally.Results: The findings showed that 4.5% of the studied teeth had two distal roots and 100% of their root canal configurations were type I for each dentilingual and dentilingual roots. 37.7% of the studied teeth had two canals in their distal roots, 22.6% had two apical foramina and 32.9% had two canal orifices. The root canal configurations included: (Vertucci's classification): 57.5% type I, 15.2% type II, 4.8% type III, 12.6% type IV, 4.5% type V, 0.6% type VI, 0.3% type VII and 0% type VIII.Conclusion: 37.7% of the studied teeth had two distal root canals. The dentist must always looks for the second canal in the distal root of a lower first molar. If one is missed, it could lead to endodontic treatment failure. Access cavity with rectangular outline would permit better visualization and exploration of a possible second canal in the distal root.

Background and Aim: Different developmental anomalies in the forms of geographical tongue, fissured tongue and partial ankyloglossia are found in the oral cavity showing various prevalence rates in different societies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rates of geographic tongue, fissured tongue and partial ankyloglossia in students studying in three stages in Rasht and also to find out the relationship between these anomalies with sex and the increase of age.Materials .and Methods: In this cross - sectional descriptive study with a multi - stage cluster random sampling, a total number of 1561 students from all three stages of Rasht school, including 782 females and 779 males, were examined. The schools were selected randomly and about 730 students were examined in each cluster. The students were tested in an open space after removing lips and cheeks with a tongue blade. Demographic findings along with these gained through examination were recorded in a questionnaire. Data were subjected to X2 test and SPSS 10 software.Results: The findings showed the prevalence rates of geographic tongue, fissured tongue and partial ankyloglossia as 7.6%, 4.3% and 7.8%, respectively. The increase of age played a significant role on the prevalence rate of fissured tongue (P=0.006). All anomalies were found to be more among males than females, however; no significant relationship was observed between anomalies and sex.Conclusion: According to these findings, the prevalence rate of such anomalies is high in Rasht. Therefore, more investigations are suggested to find out the underlying reasons genetically and environmentally.

Background and Aim: According to the close contact of dentists with oral cavity, it seems that they are exposed to different organisms such as fungi, especially Candida albicants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dental practice and oral candidial carriage.Materials and Methods: In this analytic cohort prospective study, two groups were participated: the case group (96 dental students with negative oral candidal culture) and the control group (96 non-medical students with negative oral candidalculture). Sampling was done from dorsal surface of tongue in two distinct episodesat a two – year interval. Results were analyzed through chi- square test, fisher exactest and SPSS software.Results: The case group with the mean age of 19.9 years included 64 (66.6%) females and 32 (3.3%) males. The control group with the mean age of 19.8 years included 65 (67.70%) females and 31 (32.29%) males. The incidence rate of oral candidal carriage, in the second sampling, was significantly higher among dental students comparing to the non-dental ones (P=0.04). Odds ratio for candidal contamination in dental students was 2.85 times more than non-medical students. Moreover, no relation was found between sex and oral candidal carriage in both groups.Conclusion: Dental practice may be a risk factor for oral candidal carriage.

Background and Aim: Marginal sealing of restorative materials is an important factor in long - term durability of restoration. The aim of this study was to compare the micro leakage among three materials including amalgam, Core Max II and light cured composite applied on root canal treated teeth using dye penetration technique.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 45 intact upper first premolars were divided into three groups (n = 15). Following the preparation of a conservative access cavity and root canal treatment, the crowns of teeth were cut at 4 mm upper to pulp chamber floor. The teeth at each group were restored with amalgam, Core Max II and light cured composite. Then, the samples were subjected to thermo cycling to evaluate microleakage using dye penetration technique. The teeth were sectioned and the rates of microleakage were measured under X7 stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann - Whitney U tests.Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the microleakage of Core Max II and composite groups and also between Core Max II and amalgam groups, however; significant difference was found between composite and amalgam groups.Conclusion: It seems that Core Max II is not an appropriate core material.

Background and Aim: Quaternary Ammonium (QAD) forms a group of chemical disinfectants. These compounds were deleted from the list of disinfectants in 1978, but a new generation of them have been produced and presented since 1990. Micro 10+ and Deconex 53 plus are two current samples of this generation. The aim of this study was to investigate the disinfecting effects of Micro 10+ and Deconex 53 plus.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 30 subjects referred to Shaheed Beheshti Dental Faculty. A total number of 90 sterilized RCT files were used, 3 for each patient. After oral flora sampling, all samples were transferred to the microbiology laboratory. Lab Bacillus subtilis spore was used as the witness of the study. The contaminated files were cultivated and the existing microorganisms were cleared by coloring technique. The contaminated files were contacted for one hour with Micro 10+ (2%) and Deconex 53 plus (1%) based one the manufacture's instructions. After this duration, the cultivation was prepared again. And the result was analyzed.Results: The observed microorganisms were as follows: Staphylococcus aureous, Neisseriae suprophyticous, Pneumococcis, Streptococci viridans, Nonpathogenic staphylococcus, Bacillus subti1is, Candida albikans and no colony growth was observed following the cultivations contact with the mentioned solutions.Conclusion: Micro10+ (2%) and Deconex 53 plus (1%) exert acceptable disinfecting effects on dental instruments followingone- hourapplication.

Background and Aim: E-cadherin is a cell to cell adhesion molecule and a reduction in its expression is an important step in the progression of lots of epithelial cancers. Regional lymph node metastasis ia an important prognostic indicator in cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare E-cadherin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma with and without regional lymph node metastasis.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analytic - descriptive study, the expression of E - cadherin was evaluated in 34 formalin- fixed, paraffin- embedded specimens of oral S.C.C. and regional lymph node metastasis, half of them with and the other half without metastasis, using immunohistochemistry. The regional anti - body was E-cadherin which was detected by Biotinylated link and Streptoavidin methods. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the E - cadherin incidence in the primary tumor and Mann - Whitney non-parametric test was used to compare its incidence in S.C.C without and with metastasis tumor.Results: In normal squamous epithelium, E - cadherin was expressed uniformity at the cell membrane, abnormal E - cadherin expression with loss of membranous localization was found in 82% of specimens and a significantly greater reduction in expression levels of E-cadherin was found in metastasis group as compared with non - metastatic group (P=0.003, 0.007). There was not any significant difference between primary turnors in two groups (P=0.60). A relationship was found between abnormal expression of E-cadherin and the differentiation of oral S.C.C (P<0.01).Conclusion: Abnormal expression of E-cadherin is associated with differentiation, progression and metastatic of oral S.C.C.

Background and Aim: Various studies have already been conducted on the comparative effects of Persica ad Chlorhexidine on plaque and gingivitis that, due to the small size of the studied populations, their results have not been statistically significant. The aim of this study was to review such studies systematically through meta – analysis technique to achieve more accurate and significant results.Materials and Methods: In this meta- analysis study, an electronic (Medline, PubMed) and a manual research were made to detect studies evaluating the effects of two mouthrinses in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. Finally, 9 studies were selected. It should be noted that only clinical trials in adults with mild to moderate gingivitis and acceptable clinical conditions were included. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (Persica and Chlorhexidine). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and papillary bleeding index (PBI) were measured and recorded at the baseline and at the end of the study. Only 4 studies with 198 patients were included in the meta - analysis research. The results of these 4 studies were extracted and tabulated as means and standard deviations of clinical indices and analyzed statistically. Using random - effects and fixed - effects models, the results of studies were pooled and the overall effects of two mouthrinses on each clinical index were evaluated.Results: The overall effect estimated for PI was -0.34 and for GI was -0.11 showing that although the effects of Chlorhexidine was better than Persica but the difference was not statistically significant. The estimated PBI was - 0.24 revealing significant difference between two mouthrinses with a more considerable effect attributed to Chlorhexidine. Conclusion: It is suggested that the mouthrinse of Persica should be used for short - term treatment of gingival diseases.

Background and Aim: Nowadays, reconstruction and replacement of the missed teeth with prosthesis supported by intra - bony dental implants has become a scientific and routine method in Iran and other parts of the world. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical parameters of prosthesis supported by dental implants among partial and complete edentulous patients with maxillofacial traumatic disorder.Materials and Methods: In this observational analytic- descriptive study, 45 patients with martial maxillofacial injuries, treated with soft and hard tissue grafts at the site of dental implants, were evaluated at the end of four years of prosthetic treatment on total number of 214 implants. Data were analyzed statistically using one - way repeated ANOVA and Friedman tests.Results: Bleeding index in 63% of implants and gingival index in 30% of implants were decreased in the forth year comparing to the beginning of the study (P<0.01), P<0.001). Initially, the means of sulcular depth and periodontal attachment level were 2.67±99mm and 5.54±1.65mm, respectively where as after four years the latter was increased to 6.08±2.21mm and the former to 3.01±1.73mm (P<0.04).Conclusion: The rate of implants success after four years of loading was 95% showing that dental implants have enough efficacy for dental reconstruction of patients with maxillofacial traumatic disorders.

Background and Aim: Pain control during orthodontic treatment is very important to both clinicians and patients, The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of Ibuprofen 400 mg with Tramadol 50 mg in reducing the pain caused by orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial and single blind study 60 orthodontic patients with age ranging from 11.7 to 19.1 years old were participated. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: (1) 400 mg Ibuprofen taken orally one hour before separator placement and the same dose six hours after the initial dose, (2) one dose placebo taken orally one hour before separator placement and the same does six hours after the initial dose and (3) 50 mg tramadol taken orally one hour before separator placement and the same dose six hours after the initial dose. The patients level of pain was assessed through Visual Analoge Scale at 2, 6 and 24 hours as well as at 2, 3 and 7 days after separator placement in chewing and biting conditions.Data were subjected to Paired t. test, ANOVA, Tukey and Chi - Square tests.Results: The highest peak pain levels were reported at 24 hours after separator placement (7.86±2.73) that decreased gradually until the 7th day. The patients who had taken Ibuprofen 400 mg and Tramadol 50 mg had significantly less pain with chewing at 2 (P=0.000), 6 (P=0.000) and 24 (P=0.002) hours and with biting at 6 (P=0.004) and 24 (P=0.000) hours after separator placement than those who received placebo. The patients who had Tramadol had significantly less pain with chewing and biting at 2 days after separator placement (P=0.001), (P=0.002) than patients who received placebo. There was no significant difference in pain level between Ibuprofen and Tramadol groups.Conclusion: Administration of Ibuprofen 400 mg or Tramadol 50 mg, one hour before and five hours after separator placement reduces the level of pain that is experienced at 2, 6 and 24 hours and 2 days after separator placement but there was no significant difference between Ibuprofen and Tramadol groups.

Background and Aim: Recently, the use of self- etches primers, due to their ease of manipulation, for fissure sealant therapy is recommended. The aim of this study was to compare the micro leakage of Helioseal F using two methods.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 36 extracted intact human premolar teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 18) and were sealed with two methods:1- Conventional etching method.2 - Using Prompt - Lpop acidic primer.All specimens were thermocycled for 1000 cycles at 5°C - 55°C, then the teeth were immersed in 2% fuschin solution for 24 hours, sectioned and analyzed by stereomicroscopy. Data were subjected to Mann - Whitney test.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in microleakage of sealants between two methods (P= 0.869). Conclusion: In case of poor patient cooperation along with proper isolation, the use of self - etch primers is recommended for fissure sealant therapy.

Background and Aim: Cold- cure acrylic resins which are used in fabricating inlay patterns, cast dowel- cores, bite registration records and soldering indices may undergo dimensional changes from fabricating to casting time. The aim of this study was to compare dimensional changes of self - cure Duralay acrylic resins in different storage media.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, twenty samples were made by Duralay acrylic resin in a brass mold (20x 12x3 mm). After polymerization, the samples were divided into two groups of ten and stored in two storage media (water and air). The samples' dimensions were measured at 0, 1 and 9 hours by a digital caliper. The data were analyzed statistically using t - student test.Results: There was not significant difference in the rate of Duralay resin shrinkage between hydrous (0.04±0.01) and dry (0.04±0.01) environments at 0 to 1 hour period. The shrinkage continued in the dry environment for 9 hours (0.08±0.02), however; it stopped in the water environment at the same interval (0.03±0.01).Conclusion: The storage media does not affect the dimensional stability if the Duralay acrylic samples are invested in an hour. If the delay time is more than one hour the samples should be preserved in water.    

Background and Aim: The rate of treatment success in endodontic treatment if perforation of the pulpal floor occurs, due to secondary periodontal involvement, is not satisfactory. Therefore, perforation seal plays an important role in regional repair. The aim of this study was to investigate and select a more suitable material to seal furcal perforations.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 70 human permanent mandibular molars with non-fused roots and intact furcal region were collected. Access openings and furcation perforations were prepared in the pulpal chamber floor. The teeth were divided into two control groups (B1-B2, negative and positive, n=5) and four experimental groups of 15 teeth in each group (A1 - A2 - A3 - A4). Group A2 was repaired with MTA, group A2 with amalgam, group A3 with Coltozol (ZOE) and group A4 was repaired with Portland cement. The access cavities of all teeth were repaired with Coltozol. Then, all samples were thermocycled for 24 hours and submerged in solution of 2% fuchsin dye for 24 hours. No cavity was prepared in negative control group. Finally, the samples were sectioned and evaluated for linear dye leakage at x25 magnification. Data were analyzed using LSD and ANOVA tests.Results: In positive control group, dye penetrated thoroughly in all perforation regions while no leakage was observed in negative control group. MTA had significantly less leakage than amalgam, Portland cement and Coltozol. The highest leakage was found in Coltozol group and the difference with amalgam and MTA was significant (P<0.01).Amalgam showed less leakage than Portland cement but the difference was not statistically significant, however; the difference between Portland cement and MTA in the amount ofleakage was significant (P<0.01).Conclusion: MTA group showed the least microleakage while Coltozol group displayed the most. In this study, the four materials were ranked as follows: MTA, Amalgam, Portland cement, Coltozol.  

Background and Aim: Soft denture lining materials have been used in dentistry for almost a century. The aim of this study was to measure water absorption and solubility of Acrosoft tissue conditioner samples and compare them with those of Viscogel samples.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, stainless steel molds were prepared in disk shape of 0.5±0.05mm thickness and 50±7mm diameter. Fifteen specimens were prepared from each material. At first, all of them were weighed and place into distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Then they were removed and reweighed. These procedures were also repeated at 4 and 7 days. After 7 days, specimens were dried in a desicator at 37°C, removed and finally reweighed. Data were subjected to student T - test.Results: The mean values of water absorption at 24 h, 4 and 7 days were 1.4394±0.0146, 1.384±0.0078 and 1.3595±0.0027 percent for Viscogel gel and 1.2423±0.0260, 1.5520±0.0236 and 2.0537±0.0273 percent for Acropars. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the mean water absorption at different time periods (P<0.001). Moreover, Acrosoft showed higher solubility (1.7452±0.0234 percent) than Viscogel (1.6850±0.0227 percent). This difference was also statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Water absorption and solubility of Acrosoft samples were significantly higher than those of Viscogel samples.