JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION
Year:2009 | Volume:38 | Issue:4|Papers Count:15

In this research the effect of family based Developmental early intervention programs on motor skills of down syndrome children, have been investigated. The research question was raised as whether the family based developmental early intervention, has sufficient influences on the motor development of the children aforementioned in their lying and rolling, sitting. Crawling and standing positions. The research has been done on a single subject basis which includes experimental methods. The research population was all chosen from children with Down syndrome who had referred to "zafar rehabilitation center". 8 children were selected from this center with the common following qualifications: 1) All were involved with Down syndrome 2) All were under 2 years of age. 3) None of them had the history of physical defects like cardiac in sufficiency in accordance with the neurological examinations. 4) They were all chosen on the basis of their pretest scores in GMFM scale. The research scale is GMFM -88 (Russell et ai, 2001).this scale has been compiled for the evaluation of gross motors in children with CP and is up to 90% valid and reliable. To evaluate the effectiveness of trainings from the extracted data the "effect size" was utilized. Means in the four aforementioned positions (lying and rolling, sitting, crawling and standing), histograms and, polygonal statistical methods were applied to describe the statistical acquired information. The finding of this research in experimental group in comparison with the control group were as follow respectively: 1) the first highest mean observed in the lying and rolling position in post test (2.29) 2) the second highest mean observed in the crawling position in post test (2.28).3) The third highest mean observed in the standing position in post test (1.61).4) The last highest mean observed in the sitting position in post test (1.55). Since all the post test means were elevated in comparison with pretest means, it could be strongly mentioned that interventions have been effective. On the other hand the highest effect size were observed in the following items respectively: 1) the first highest effect size was observed in crawling position (0.95), the second in sitting position (0.36), the third in lying and rolling(0.35)and the last in standing position (0.34) . At the end, due to the fact that the effect size was 0.50 in the whole in experimental group, it can be asserted that the family based developmental early motor intervention programs, can be drastically effective in the improvement of motor development in children with Down syndrome between the ages of 0-2 years.

The relationship between explanatory (attribution) styles with perceived stress and general health was examined in this study. The ASQ, PSS & GHQ - 28 questionnaires were given to the 120 selected subjects. Based on the subjects scores in ASQ test, they were divided in two groups of optimists (n=49) and pessimists (n = 42).Although comparison of the means of optimist and pessimists showed that they were significantly different in perceived stress (P<0.01), But differential analysis of correlation between variables showed that the strength of relationship between perceived stress and general health in two groups was not significantly different (P> 0.05). In addition, simultaneous multiple regression analysis showed that perceived stress and explanatory style could predict the general health of subjects (F< 0.001). Perceived stress was the best predictor of changes in health at 0.99 of confidence.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of self-regulation strategies training on motivational beliefs and cognitive engagement. Forty low achievers students in second grade of guidance school in Shiraz were chosen. They were randomly divided in two groups (20 students in experimental and 20 students in control group). Pretest was an inventory including subscales like: achievement goals, self- efficacy and learning strategies. The schedule Experimental group received self-regulation strategies training. Generally, results of analysis of variance with repeated measurement showed that self-regulation strategies training increases cognitive engagement and mastery goals and reduces avoidance-approach orientation.

This study investigated the effectiveness of training metacognitive strategies (SQP4R method and self-monitoring procedure) for improving reading comprehension among 66 second grade boys of middle-school. To capture the stated goal, 66 second grade boys of middle-school from 2 classes were tested with reading comprehension pretest, and 33 students of experimental group were trained with met cognitive strategies (SQP4R method and self-monitoring procedure) in 5 sessions of 60 minutes, then the performances of two groups were compared in the reading comprehension posttest. The results of ANCOV A indicated that the instructional procedures led to increased reading comprehension of students in the experimental group.

To determine the relationship between parenting style and general health, 200 middle school students (200 boys and 200 girls) who were randomly selected were administered the Goldberg's 28 –item questionnaire of general health. Also, the fathers of all participants responded to Baum rind's measure of parenting style questionnaire. The predictor or independent variable was the parent's child-rearing style and the dependent variable (criterion) was subject's general health. Our results showed that general health of students whose parents had authoritative rearing style was better than that of students whose parents had authoritarian and permissive rearing style. Furthermore, our study showed that father's increased knowledge leads to their increased awareness regarding their rearing styles which, in turn, leads to adapting more suitable rearing styles.

Background: This article is a part of a project that proceeds to study and analysis of mental health research articles in Iran. IT focuses on school mental health articles in 1973-2002 years. Methods: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The databank of mental health research articles of Iran (Iranpsych) has been used for this study. This bank consists of research articles published in the Persian scientific journals or sited in international databanks. Selection of articles from the bank is based on the existing definitions of the school mental health field that are consisted of: students' mental disorders and problems, educational issues facilitating and promoting factors of growth in various aspects. Finding: From 3031 mental health articles, 362 articles (11/9%) were on school mental health. The most common fields of studies were on cognitive issues followed by clinical sciences. Publication of researches on mental health school has been developed significantly in recent years and was published mostly in a few journals. The method used in most of the researches is cross-sectional-analytic method. First author of most articles were men and had P.H.D degree. Conclusion: The growing trend of research on school mental health in recent years is encouraging. Nevertheless policymakers can accelerate this process by providing more opportunities and financial support. Encouraging the researchers to conduct experimental studies and supporting rational studies is promoting the educational system is recommended.

The main aim of the study was to find out to what extent the principals' in-service training course content covers the managerial skills of the high school principals. In order to investigate the principals' views seven criteria were considered. The principals' views were based on the aforementioned criteria. The subjects were all high school principles, who had passed in-service training courses in Kermanshah. Based on the two researcher-made questionnaires. The questionnaire of course content and the questionnaire of managerial skills, principals' views were probed. the following results were found Through descriptive data analysis, Among the three major managerial skills, namely technical, human and conceptual, the principals' technical skill was below the average and was marked undesirable. However, the human conceptual skills were above average, which was marked desirable. A positive and significant correlation ship was found among principals' views about the technical skill. However, no significant correlation ship was found among human and conceptual skills. Nonetheless, those pricicipals, who carried post graduate degrees in educational administration, were high on conceptual and technical skills in comparison to those who held non educational administration degrees.

Multivariate, nature of psychological phenomena requires methods that can describe simultaneous relationships between multiple variables. For this reason, 246 university students from Razi university of Kermanshah were selected with multiple stage sampling method and were asked to complete Shrink's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire(GHQ), Using structural equation modeling, effects of "adjustment with daily problems" in relationship with emotional intelligence and general health was Studied in a supposed model. Results indicated that theoretical model was fit with data. Components of emotional intelligence effect adjustment with daily problems and adjustment with daily problems effect general health components, but effect of physical health on mental health was not significant. Results will be discussed below in detail.

The aim of this research is the study of characteristics of Spiel Berger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory -2 (STAXI-2) for students (aged 20- 29 years old) of Isfahan University in Iran. This inventory provides concise measures of the experience, expression, and control of anger. The STAXI-2 consists of 57 statements in six scales, five subscales, and an Anger Expression Index, which measures both immediate anger expression and longer-term dispositions to experience anger, as well as modes of anger expression and anger control. In American samples, the inventory has been shown to be both internally consistent and conceptually valid. This study presents initial data on a Persian version of the inventory. The subjects were 600 students from Isfahan University and 30 psychiatric patients from Esfahan Farabi hospital. The results provide initial support for Spiel Berger's factorial model of anger in a Persian sample, it was also indicated an acceptable validity and reliability for the inventory. The means were generally similar to those found in American subgroups. A "t-test" analysis revealed that the STAXI-2 is a suitable instrument which could distinguish psychiatric patients from normal people counterpart. Finally, the results of this study are in consist with the Spiel Berger, s report (1999).

Science Education, as one of the most important Human knowledge fields, has been taken into consideration by developed countries and is one of the main issues economic, industrial, social and cultural developments. Yet in our country, the present structure of Science Education in teacher education centers and higher education has essential differences with developed countries. Given the lack of Master of Science Education in Iran's higher education, this paper examines the necessity, structure and curriculum content of this course. Statistical populations are all science education specialists and semi-structured interview has been used for collecting data. Data analyzing has been done by categorizing method. Results show that Establishment of these courses in Iran is very necessary. They also show that the best recommendable structure for these courses is constructing an independent Science Education department in faculty of education. The course outlines are recommended in four parts: history, philosophy and nature of science, pedagogical courses, and courses related to Science Education, science content and a thesis related to Science Education topics.