Social Welfare
Year:2006 | Volume:5 | Issue:21|Papers Count:16

Objective: Women's health status and awareness of their biological, mental and social characteristics and needs in planning, health system reforms and primary health care, are the main priorities in strategic areas of health development. In the past two decades researchers and policymakers have paid special attention to women's health development activities and administration. This article compares the women's health development administration in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Japan as developed countries, with focus on their organizational structures.Method: This article is based on a descriptive and comparative study. The results have been used to design and develop an appropriate and applicable model for women's health administration in Iran. The designed model has been finalized by using Delphi Technique.Findings: The countries were divided in two categories. United States and Canada had a focused and advanced administration system in their women's health activities. They have strategic planning in women's health priority issues and special organizational structures which relatively has been successful. United Kingdom and Japan used different policies focused on the mother and children's health and their administrative policies were based on this view.Results: An appropriate structural designed model for women' health in Iran was formulated based on results of this study.

Objective: In what conceptual framework should the collective status of Iranian women be categorized? During the years 1995-2005 there was a lively debate in Iran's public sphere on the mentioned question.Method: The methodology chosen in this article is a model based on analytical empirical sociology within the "rational choice" paradigm. In my study, I have benefited from qualitative methods such as direct observation and deep interview methods and library sources.Findings: After introducing fourteen positive and negative trends among women and their collective movement (from 1997 until 2004) this article tries to make four sociological assessments of the subject. In the first assessment we endorse women's dynamism as a 'social problem' but show that such dynamism cannot be reckoned as a social problem only. In my second and third assessment I have commented on women's dynamism as a social movement and a new social movement which is supported by Iranian feminists.Results: This paper concludes that we should identify the status of women in Iran not as a social movement, but as a 'social resistance'. The paper ends with offering three possible prospects for the collective status of women in Iran.

Objective: Modem industry has affected the role of women by creating jobs mainly dealt with producing ones. As women entered the labor market in growing numbers it became evident that their position was not the same as that of men. The aim of current research was an analysis of wage structures and of their role in the gender payment discrepancy. A question that can be addressed is the difference between knowledge, skills and aptitudes of men and women with same wages.Method: Participants were 98 men from car producing company and 98 women from textile complexes in Tehran and Isfahan. They were compared with each other based on their wages, education and tenure and their job dimensions referring to knowledge, skills and aptitudes (KSA). Position Analysis Questionnaire was the job analysis instrument.Findings: Results indicate that women were superior in their KSA after matching wages in other words, women with the same knowledge; skills and aptitude receive less from compensation system. Promotion of KSA was more than women among men in population.Results: Because women KSA can be expected to increase in future, paying attention to gender justice in work setting according to KSA is important.

Objective: The research aimed at providing mechanisms to promote Iranian women's participation in political as well as economic aspects.Method: Documentation and Survey methods were conducted for data gathering and the analysis of the research findings. Respondents were interviewed, according to a pre-tested questionnaire.Findings: It was confirmed that the more .educated the respondents, the less likely to participate in political affairs. This is due to their awareness of the shortcoming or defects of the existing legislation regarding women issues.Results: Higher levels of academic education do not necessarily lead women to be actively involved-in politics until and unless meaningful, positive changes occur in the overall legislative system in Iran.

Objective: Population growth and the level of fertility and the relationship between them and socio-economic development in different countries, especially in developing countries, are the major interests of today's sociologists and demographists, in particular the case of Iran.Method: In this article, the combination of two methods, Literature Review and Further Analysis, were applied, and population data and statistics were gathered from UNPF, UNICEF, World Bank, ... and, the relationship between the variables were analyzed by using SPSS.Findings: Research findings show that the higher the level of development, the lower the level of fertility, and population growth. The best pill for contraception is economic development.Results: The relationship between the development and fertility rate is reversal, it means that, in world's deprived regions, with the same level as Iran, and in country's provinces, this relationship is so obvious.

Objective: One kind of violence that is rarely considered, because of social and cultural problems, is sexual violence against women. Separate discussion about this matter in criminological observations implicates increasing rate of sex crimes and necessity of special considerations.Method: The method of this research is descriptive and the purpose is criminological analyze of sexual violence against women and providing guideline in prevention such crimes.Findings: This paper indicates that the consent of victims has caused immune commitment of sexual crimes and uphill the prevention processes. Likewise, government shall take special attendance to victims of these crimes.Results: Preventing sexual crimes against women has some closest relations with culture. Then realizing delicate distinction between different categories of sex crimes victims is essential.

Objective: The purpose of this scientometric study was a quantitative analysis of mental health research concerning women in Iran. All scientific papers published in a 30 year - period (1973-2002), in both national as well as international scientific journals, were brought into consideration for this study.Method: Articles are indexed in the "Databank for Iranian Mental Health Researches (IranPsych)". The articles in which the samples or the main subjects were females, considered as mental health in women. Authors assessed these studies for the following data: year of publication and language, specific fields and subject topics, research design, location of data collection, financial supports, gender and academic degree and the status of collaboration among authors.Findings: Out Of 3031 articles, 239 (%7.9) were related to mental health in women. Most have been published in general medical journals and the overall trend of publications shows arise. The first authors in two -third of the articles were women and the most common area of research was psychology. The most common research topic was psychological factors affecting medical condition, especially gynecological and obstetrical problems. There were a few articles about old age female mental health or occupational mental health. There were no mental health professionals among the authors of 20% of the articles. Results: It is suggested that collaboration should increase among mental health groups and other clinicians. Subject topics about women in rural area, health service, occupational mental health and elderly female need further research.

Objective: The planning for prevention and control of the wives running away from home needs the evidence-based information about its complex bio-psychosocial causality network at the family, husband home and the community levels.This article aims to present a survey on psychosocial factors of running away from home among a sample of Iranian wives.Method: This research is based on a survey on 31 cases and deep interviews with 8 cases in the 9 centers of Welfare Organization and Prisons during 8 months consecutive sampling.Findings: The most run away wives were exposed to domestic violence and a weak network of social support. They felt depression, anxiety, sense of isolation and powerless. They had low access to the valuable resources at the family and they mostly Show extroverted and neurotic personality.Results: The problem of wives running away from home is the consequence of a complex psychosocial causality network and needs more analytical study and strengthening of supportive social organizations and improving the women knowledge about their capabilities and social rights.

Objective: To estimate prevalence rate of violence in spousal relationship and chronicity of enacting and experiencing violence.Method: The data were gathered through a systematized multi-clustral sampling.460 Men and Women from different parts of Tehran (the areas 2, 5, 12, 18) were participated in study, after being informed from the object of the research.Conflict Tactics Scale-2 and a researcher developed questionnaire for cultural and demographic data were completed by each participant. Conflict Tactics Scales is a simple behavior self-report instrument with 4 aspects: physical assault, injury assault, sexual coercion, psychological aggression and one aspect for using negotiation in interpersonal relationship. These scales, in the same time, measure a mutual violence (inacteted and experiencing).Findings: Findings showed that in couple relationships men were more engaged in enacting violence than women. The chronicity of aggression was also higher in men comparing women. Some of .cultural and demographic factors were related to family violence.Results: Although men were more enacted but violence had a mutual base.

Objective: This study was conducted to discover the possible role of emotional intelligence in running away from home among female adolescents.Method: 500 females from Mashhad high schools at local areas number 2, 5 and 7 were selected. At first the areas were chosen on cluster sampling, and then 2 schools were selected randomly from each cluster. In the next stag the subjects were selected randomly based on their high school specialty and grade being obtained. All subjects completed 3 questionnaires: demographic characteristics, risk of running away from home, and emotional intelligence. Data were analyzed by using Pearson an correlation and stepwise multiple regression with risk of running away among females as dependent variable.Findings: Data indicated that negative significant correlation was found between risk of females running away and the respective variables of emotional intelligence, self regard, happiness, reality testing, emotional self-awareness, stress tolerance, flexibility, impulse control, social responsibility and problem solving. The results of regression analysis revealed reality testing, impulse control and happiness as the best predictors.Results: This study shows that emotional intelligence components have meaningful effect on the risk of females' running away from home. Reality testing is the most salient predictor.

Objective: In recent years Iranian Social Security Organization has developed its protection level to more labor force population and accepted more responsibilities.Because of these more responsibilities, more costs have been charged to this organization.At this article short run protection costs related to such responsibilities for the above mentioned organization are investigated.Method: For this purpose, cost function for short run protections with the help of literatures for multi - product firms and using Panel Data in econometrics methods for all Iran's provinces have been estimated.Findings and Results: Results show that short run protections have most sensitivity by quantity of unemployment insurance users.

Objectives: Although transsexuality and sex change might be considered as a personal issue, it has some influentional socio-cultural causes and consequences.This article aims at the illustration of transsexuality in Iran. To achieve this goal, the theoretical studies have been applied to describe the nature of transsexuality.Later sex transition and legal system in Iran will be explained. And finally some social and cultural consequences of transsexuality will be discussed.Method: This study has been carried out by a survey including interviews with two different samples groups: 1) the transsexuality policy makers, 2) forty cases of transsexuals.Findings and Results: The findings show while Iranian legal system is not against transsexuality and sex transition, transsexuals suffering from gender identity disorders are encountered some social and cultural problems in their private lives and public sphere.

Objective: This study evaluated the knowledge and attitude of Tehran northwestern young population toward ecstasy use and its consequences.Method: In this descriptive, analytical-cross-sectional study, 400 young (247 males, 153 females) persons residing in northwestern districts of Tehran were assessed by a demographic and knowledge, attitude and behavior questionnaire. They were selected via the multi-stage random sampling. The data were analyzed through the descriptive statistic methods and X2.Findings: 41% of samples had good knowledge, 50% had moderate knowledge and 9% had low knowledge. 32% of samples had good attitude, 44% had moderate attitude and 24% had bad attitude. 26% of respondents have reported that they have used the ecstasy tablets. One important finding is that 31% of ecstasy users are also addicted to other kinds of narcotics. 44.9% of males and 35.3% of females were moderately aware of the dangerous outcomes of the ecstasy use. 25.9% of males and 20.3% of females regarded the ecstasy use a bad and dangerous act. In this study there was a significant relationship between attitude and gender (p=0.035). Also there was a significant relationship between ecstasy use and gender (p<0.001) and a notable relationship between ecstasy use and education (p= 0.008).Results: A considerable percent of respondents was not aware of the dangerous outcomes of the ecstasy and did not show the expected negative attitude toward this drug and a vast percentage of them had used the drug.