GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY
Year:2007 | Volume:39 | Issue:61|Papers Count:16

The strategy of creation and development of agricultural product industries, regarding its continuous relation with agriculture sector as the main activity of rustics and possession of potentials and facilities existing in villages, has a key role in rural development. Agriculture constitutes the basis of economic activities in the central district of Amol. Nowadays, agriculture in this region confronts with many problems such as inappropriate marketing, reduction of prices of agriculture products, low income of agriculture sector and low agrarian land. Therefore, creation and development of agricultural product industries in central district of Amol, can resolve the problems of agriculture sector and also facilitate the way for sustainable rural development, considering its high potencies, capability of access to consumption markets, and existence of labor force. Indeed, these industries, utilizing raw agriculture products and creating employment, increase income of rustics. This research has been performed by using librarian and field methods. In the librarian method, we focused on documents, reports, annual statistics and etc to gather the necessary data. In the field method, 15 villages were selected, considering the number of villages and the population of each rural district. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results indicate that agricultural product industries have an effective role in rural development through better marking of agriculture products, creating employment, reducing losses, and increasing the income of villagers.

Air pollution in metropolitan is one of the most important issues to all of the city and environmental planners. Statistical methods, remote sensing and GIS technologies have been used to map and monitor urban air quality during the past. Here based on the statistical, image processing and spatial analyses of different data, the distribution of air quality parameters were mapped for Tehran metropolitan city. In this regard, hourly based observations (6 stations) for air quality parameters (i.e. CO, NOx, SO2, NO2) statistics based on k-means clustering were analyzed. CO concentration map was generated using Kriging interpolation technique in Arc/GIS environment. Within Landsat ETM images acquired on 18-07-2000, 03-07-200 I and 09-08-2002 areas that have environmental, morphological and pollution similarities with real observation stations were extracted. Based on correlation coefficients between CO concentrations and ETM band 6 in each real station. CO concentrations in all similar areas were calculated. CO concentration map was produced using Kriging interpolation technique for entire city. The results of statistical study show that the pollutant concentration is going to be high at high traffic times. And in the spatial point of view, it is within the CBD. Very less difference was resulted from comparison between real CO concentration and estimated CO concentration calculated from image data. Map produced based on the above procedure showed a better spatial distribution of CO concentration with respect to environmental and morphological condition.

Today’s, sustainability is the center of the development paradigm. In rural development studies, are needs to special attention for this paradigm. In this field, index making according to place/ space and making framework to contrive indicators, can represent new discussion. This new discussion on the base of hypothesis as I) The Hir District sustainability is inappropriate and 2) Geographical distribution of rural sustainable development severity in Hir District is affect from environmental situation, more than popular factors, was hold. The research methodology with systematic attitude to the sustainable development is descriptive & analytical. The index making is on the base of sustainable systems property in framework of sustainable development systematic matrix, with making 85 indicators and gathering secondary information and making questionnaire and with Barometry and geographical information systems spatial analysis techniques paid to assessment and classification of rural sustainability in Hir District. The results show the inappropriate situation of sustainability in the case study area. In this area situation is in a way that majority of settlements is in middle class. Also, about analysis of effective factors in sustainable development with ANOVA statistical analysis on five factors: natural situation, distance to District center, population, employment and literacy identified that, the natural situation and population factors has most correlation with different systems situation and rural sustainable development.

The problems were rose by the growth of big cities, population density and rural immigration causes that planners attended to growth and fortification of small towns. They believe that fortification of small town can changes the direction of rural immigrations and decrease many problems in rural areas that arising inappropriate accessibility to service centers. In Iran, the policy of change village to town has been implemented in few recent decades. Roniz town which changed to town in 1990 is located in Estahban County (Fars province). This paper presented the role and function of Roniz town as small town center in development rural areas. According to with using 5 functions and 20 variables and using network analysis we studied the flow and relationship between rural and urban settlements in two periods before and after change of Roniz to town. The results of studies indicate the town had the key role (central place) in servicing to rural settlements and decreased dependency of villages to big and medium cities in the province level.

In base of Geopolitical researches, concept of Geography territory of states in creative process from beginning to now takes great changes both in content and in function. In past, scholars emphasized the importance of territory quality information of a independent and Ideal government for securing of spiritual and material needs. In the present world, territory is Geography era with the certain limited borderline, covers the aspect of the legal rulership geographically. Independence, territorial integrity of states has been considered as a global concept. united nations, International law and constitutions of states strongly support such a view. In spite of prevalence of ummat-focusing thoughts in primary compilation of constitution, allocation of seven article of law to nation-state. Based on constitution any little change are permissible under the leadership and the three Institutions confirm. In this article, with analytic method consider national territory and Iran frontiers.

Urbanization means industrialization. Changing the world industrial systems and emerging "Fordism" production system has had deep implications on the world urbanization both on north and south. This paper, with a reproductive approach, seeks those effects on Tabriz as a third world industrial city. The results of study show that before Islamic Revolution in 1979, Fordism has played its role on shaping Tabriz, but after revolution, industry and as a result industrial estates locate on residue lands.

The geographers sociologists, and economists have always been very concerned about the migration trends from rural areas to major cities. This is a research that have aimed at surveying the migrations processes and analyzing the main factors involved in migration in the area of Zanjan. The dominant viewpoint presented in this research report is constructed on the structural aspects of geographical limitations and potentials in this area. The basic research methodology followed in the report has been developed on library sources and documents, providing different questionnaires, field studies in rural areas and especially in migration residential districts in the city Of Zanjan. The results indicated that most of the villages had excessive emigrations during 1977-1997. This trend has caused varied damaging effects both in rural and urban districts. In rural areas, there had been many negative factors involved in the process. The most important of Factors included shortage of water, shortage of farm land, poor public services, unemployment and low Income.

Today, the economic activities-non considered to geographical place can not live in the tradition model and in the era that everything is changing, also in comparison to past, rural economy needs changing. In this article, we review cultivation system changes of the Rahmatabad rural district in 1370s, we try to know the happened changes in cultivation system of the region, analyze defectives factors on these changes. In this research, the most important reason is that cultivation system of region is Accepted from geographical (as input factors) and communicative networks, market, expansion and government (as output factors) in the change process.

The ideal order which is based on the unity of Islamic nation is basically opposed to present geographical order that is based on the traditional and westfally order. It seems that basic disharmony of Islam ideological order can be analyzed with westfally, in the following dimension:- Islam concentrates on the ideological borders, the national branch base and the rejecting the national government. Another difference is related to the source of fixing and regulating laws among.- Action and humanitarian grouping.- Islamic global order tries to put away the geographical, national, cultural, racial differences in order to achieve some kind of unity and a power in the balance of power.- The forth approach is related to a third world for which Iran is supposed to be responsible.- to achieve the above goals we need to move in a certain direction. In spite of global challenges with the global order; Iran is trying to actually achieve the above factors in the field of international scenes.

According to the latest reports by World Tourism Organization, receipt through tourism by most of the countries has experienced rapid increase in recent years. Province of East Azarbaijan that owns considerable amount of tourist attractions, and being known for tourists from long ago, has dismissed industry's socio-economic advantages. This paper aims to find an answer to the question of what factor or factors have resulted in provinces failure in benefiting of tourism's advantages, as one of the very high income sector in the world. Paper has been prepared on the bases of findings of field studies in three tourist attractions of Province of East Azarbaijan (Kandwan, Babak Castle and Sharafkhaneh). While identifying characteristics of tourists, the research has planned, to evaluate their satisfaction with tourist facilities and services, and to give suggestions for optimum use of tourist potentials of the province. On the basis of findings of the study, tourist places of the province lack needed facilities to satisfy tourists in most areas. Planning, and in particular preparing and implementing comprehensiveplan for tourism industry of the province, may not only make possible to absorb more tourists, it may also minimizes tourism's negative cultural and environmental impacts. Paper ends with some suggestions for development of tourism in the province.

As the second largest religious metropolis in the world and the second largest city in Iran, Mashhad experienced an uneven and rapid growth from 1950 to 2004. The urban development started on a flood plain moving toward a mountain, covering first the alluvial fans and then scattered on the pediments. It has now started encroaching on drainage basins. This expansion, directly and indirectly, affected the local fluvial systems, making problems for the city itself by exerting pressureson these systems. The indirect effects have showed themselves in the from of a rise in the temperature, a change in the type and intensity of precipitation, and an increase in the volume and intensity of floods. Direct effects include intense morphologic changes in the drainage system due to overexploitation of stone resources, a change the profile of main streams due to the exploitation of gravel resources, obstruction of water canals by construction waste deviation of the main water chanals poor, design of urban drainage and reduction of penetrable surfaces. In this article, the writers, using air photos and satellite images, has compared the geomorphic map of the city of Mashhad and the surrounding areas before the expansion with furthe changes as recorded in the above sources and observed in field studies. The changes are compared with appropriate patterns of change and the problem resutting from the imposition of unreasonable pressures on fluvial systems are discussed.

Falavarjan township, with enjoyment of the disposed and susceptible areas and sufficient agricultural water, produces about 400000 ton various agricultural products annually. This township, with regards to the considerable surplus of the same agricultural processable products, such as onion, potato, vegetables, rice and fruits is a suitable residential place for establishing of agro-based-industries. The study objective is identifying the agricultural status and determining the appropriate agro-industries for the region. Aimed to this, with reference to the experts' viewpoints, the Delphi method has been used. So, by a brief review about the study area and its agricultural products and the methodology of the Delphi approach, the procedures of data gathering and analysis have been explained. Finally the results have been represented a classification and priority order of the agro- based- industries for the region.

The feasibility study of establishment of complementary and processing industries of husbandry products is important to determine husbandry capabilities and potentials of townships in ilam province. The research method is composed of descriptive, inferential and analytical methods. The research population includs all townships of Ilam province. numerical taxonomy has been applied for ranking of townships. The information has been obtained by interview and question forms. finally, preference of the townships has appointed separately in relation to creation of complementary and processing industries and packaging of husbandry products including red meat, hair, wool and skin, white meat, honey and wax.