SHAHID CHAMRAN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
Year:2006 | Volume:NEW SERIES | Issue:15 (SECTION B)|Papers Count:12

The interaction of sodium n-dodecyl sulphate and thermophilic α -Amylase from b.subtilis has been investigated employing UV spectrophotometry and kinetics measurments.Spectroscopic measurements were implemented at λ=180nm over the temperature range (20- 105°C) in 0.02M sodium phosphate buffer pH=6.9. Kinetics measurements were also used at different temperature and over the pH range (2-13). It has been observed that 1), enzyme shows striking stability, 2), the interaction of SDS (as a potent denaturant) with α – Amylase has no affect on the stability of the enzyme in a temperature less than 90°C, 3), in the presence of SDS thermodynamics parameters, ΔH°m, Δs°m, ΔCP decrease more than 90°C and 4), kinetics measurements at 95°C show small decrease on the activity of α -Amylase in the presence of SDS.

Sugar changes during fruit ripening in leaves and fruits were studied in Manzanillo and Dezful c.v.s of olive grown in Dezful, Khozestan in two successive years. Amounts of total and individual soluble sugars in olive fruits and leaves were determined by gas chromatography. The results showed that total soluble sugars decreased during fruit ripening in both years and glucose, fructose and mannitol were main sugars in leaves and fruits. The relationship between glucose and mannitol in olive leaves was evaluated and the results showed that there was a negative correlation between them, which shows that glucose is converted to mannitol in leaves.

Malachite green is one of the industrial dyes, which is used to treat and prevent fungal and parasitic infections in the aquaculture industry. It has been reported that malachite green and its metabolites such as leucomalachite green and aryl amine can be toxic, tratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in fish and other experimental animals. In this research teratologic and gross pathological effects of malachite green on silver carp larvae were investigated. Five groups of silver carp eggs, each group containing 300 eggs were exposed to different concentrations of malachite green (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) and one additional group considered as control. The eggs were exposed to 60 minutes bath of malachite green oxalate twice in the first day of the incubation with 10 hours interval. The lesions that were observed in the fry in this study were: hemorrhage, deformity of vertebral column, retained yolk sac and growth reduction. The percentage of hemorrhages in abdominal cavity, muscles, caudal peduncle and kidneys were not significantly higher than the control. The hemorrhage in kidneys increased insignificantly in the 1 and 2 mg/l concentrations. Malabsorbtion of yolk sac was seen only in concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l and its percentage was significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 mg/l (P<0.05). According to the results, there was no significant relationship between deformity of vertebral column and malachite green. With the increase in malachite green concentration, the fry with at least one lesion also increased significantly except in 0.1 mg/l concentration. The total length and weight of fry in groups 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).

Genetic analysis of limited amounts of genomic DNA plays an important role in many molecular biology investigations. A prerequisite for molecular analysis of single or few cells is a reliable and reproducible method for DNA preparation for subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. We investigated the use of degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) to generate a template for LOH (loss of heterozygosity)- methodology and mutation detection. DOP-PCR employs a degenerate primer to produce non-specific uniform amplification of DNA. This approach has been successfully applied to microsatellite analyzing. We compared amplified whole genome performed by DOP-PCR to the genomic DNA as a template. Results were analyzed with respect to feasibility, amplification efficiency and reproducibility. DOP-PCR yielded overall satisfactory results. Accuracy and quality of genotypes generated from the DOP-PCR template also depends on several conditions such as the choice of DNA polymerase and cell treatment. The conclusion is that we have successfully used DOP-PCR to amplify our genomic DNA from single cell for subsequent genotyping and mutation analysis as a standard process.

Recently attention has been directed to medicinal research to substantiate the chemical drugs by traditional medicinal plants and thereby providing scientific basis for their efficacy. In this investigation the antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. tinctorius L. on the gram positives bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Sterptococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus and also on the gram negative bacteria: Salmonella typhi, Escherchia coli and Shigella jlexneri were tested. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts was compared with MBC of conventional antibiotics penicillin G and chloramphenicol sodium succinate. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by serial dilution tube, and agar plate, respectively. The results showed that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts with 1 gr/ml main concentration had significant effect on S. aureus, S. faecalis, s. typhi, and S. flexneri. The MBC of ethanolic extract on S. thyphi was 250 mg/ml and MBC of chloramphenicol sodium succinate was 5 mg/ml on the same bacteria. The MBC of this extract and penicillin G for S. aureus were 125 mg/ml and 5 unit, respectively. The extracts were subjected to phytochemical study, with different methods as Wilson-Taubock test, Shinoda test, Baljet-reaction, Ked-reaction, Bomtrager-reaction, Liberman-Barchard and Chalkofskky. The alkaloids, flavonoids, glycozoid, steroids and triterponoids were identified in these extracts. Various studies have shown that plants rich in phenolic compounds possess antimicrobial activity against a number of microorganisms. Therefore, the extracts of these plants could be considered as a potential source of new drugs.

The hydrocarbone reservoir discovered in the Oligo-Miocene sediments, Qom formation, showed this formation as one of the best oil-gas reservoirs in Central Iran sedimentary basin by petroleum experlies. The Qom formation has been developed with different facies in the Razan-Takab area. The area under consideration is about 25000 km2. About 24 sections have been measured and 1604 samples have been collected. After reconnaissance working done, Qom formation has been selected for detailed studies. This formation in the Qom basin consists of carbonate, evaporatic and siliciclastic lithology with distinctive key beds. However, in the razan-takab area, lower part of Qom formation was not deposited. The area is divided into 3 different blocks namely block number 1, 2 and 3. Block no 1 and 3 are characterized by a reefal and carbonate microfacies without overlying URF and block number 2 contains plagic shale and carbonate microfacies with overlying URF. Correlation of sediments in two basins reveals that the Jurassic, Cretaceous, Eocene, Oligocene and specially Miocene sediments (Qom formation) have different lithology and microfacies. Neoalveolina melocurdica in most of the sections exhibits the development of "f " member in the Razan- Takab area.