Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Year:2015 | Volume:17 | Issue:4|Papers Count:17

Background and aims: Cognitive failures, motor failures and low quality of life impact patients with depression and bipolar disorders. The aim of present research was the study and comparison of cognitive failures, motor failures and quality of life in patients with depression and bipolar disorders.Methods: This study was a casual-comparative research. The population of the study was all patients admitted to Psychiatric ward of Imam Hossein hospital in Tehran in 2013 that was recognized their depression and bipolar disorders. Among them, 60 patients (30 patients with depression disorder and 30 patients with bipolar disorder) were selected by convenience sampling. Assessment tools were including: Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), a visual motor Bender- Gestalt test and Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Results: The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that the mean scores in patients for cognitive failures in patients with depression disorders (79.9±18.7) were significantly higher than the mean scores with bipolar disorder (67.7±21.6) (P<0.05). However, the mean scores of motor failures among patients with depression disorder were not significantly different compared to the mean scores of bipolar disorder (P>0.05). Also, mean scores for quality of life in patients with bipolar disorder (78.9±14.7) were significantly higher than mean scores for patients with depression disorder (61.4±11) (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, attention to the importance and the role of cognition with the study of cognitive failures, motor failures and low quality of life in these patients could improve mental health and decrease cognitive errors with promotion in their quality of life.

Background and aims: Blunt testicular trauma adversely affects fertility in later periods. The aim of the present study was to examine sildenafil effects on contralateral epididymal sperm count and motility following unilateral blunt testicular trauma in mice.Methods: In this experimental study, 24 prepubertal male mice were distributed into 4 groups of 6 mice each. In 2 groups of mice, the abdomen was opened and the right testis was placed on a sterile firm surface and 5 g sterile weight was dropped on the testis from a height of 10 cm. One of these above mentioned groups received sildenafil (0.1 mg/kg daily) intraperitoneally for 7 days from the beginning of induction day of trauma. A control group and a sildenafil control group were also included that they received only sildenafil. The left epididymal sperm characteristics of all animals were evaluated after 7 weeks.Results: A significant decrease in the sperm count and motility was observed in trauma group compared to control mice (P<0.05). Sildenafil administration markedly ameliorated all changes in the above-mentioned parameters (P<0.05).Conclusion: Sildenafil administration could reduce complications resulted from blunt testicular trauma in contralateral epididymal sperms.

Background and aims: One of the main challenges of health psychology is adherence of patents about treatment recommendations. One important strategy for adherence improvement is to motivate patients for management of their patients. Motivation interviewing is a client-centered way that it promotes and increases internal motivation and is used to change. The present study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on treatment adherence in dialysis patients.Methods: In this semi-experimental study, samples were selected in convenience and they included 30 patients who were on dialysis in Hajar hospital of Shahrekord in the summer of 2013. Patients were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups identically. The experimental group received 5 weekly sessions of motivational interviewing. Treatment adherence variables were recorded through patient’s documents before and after the implementation of motivational interviewing and data were compared using t-test.Results: The study showed a significant decrease between two groups after motivational interviewing sessions in variables of weight (P=0.015), potassium level of serum (P=0.043), phosphorus level of serum (P=0.027), and Creatinine factors (P=0.05); whereas no significant differences was observed for other treatment adherences (Hemoglobin, Sodium and Calcium).Conclusion: Overall, motivational interviewing beside medical interventions could successfully improve fluids adherence and treatment adherence in dialysis patients, while there had no effect on some of variables.

Background and aims: One of the most important areas of implementing information technology (IT) is healthcare. Studies show that IT could have a tremendous effect on hospitals maturity. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of IT activities on the levels of maturity of public and non-public hospitals in Isfahan.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2014. The study population consisted of 164 IT managers and experts of public and private hospitals by stratified sampling in Isfahan. Data were collected using a questionnaire made by researcher for measurement of IT activities and organizational maturity including the parameters of innovation, improvement and support, with confirmed validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical indices and tests of Friedman, structural equation modeling and regression.Results: The results of this study showed that mean and standard deviation of IT were 3.21±0.66, innovation 3.25±0.78, improvement 3.48±0.67 and support 3.22±0.66. Moreover, the results of regression test showed that IT had the best prediction for support, followed by improvement, innovation, and organizational maturity.Conclusion: IT activities could guide an organization toward a matured organization and play an effective role in support, innovation and improvement.

Background and aims: Clindamycin resistance in staphylococci is appeared in constitutive and inducible forms. Resistance to clindamycin in erythromycin resistant strains of these bacteria occasionally occurs that they cannot be detected by antibiogram routine procedures. This study was aimed to detect resistant inducible phenotypes to clindamycin in staphylococcal strains isolated from patients hospitalized in Shahrekord Hajar and Kashani hospitals.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 200 strains of staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci to methicillin. They were isolated from hospital clinical samples of patients hospitalized in Hajar and Kashani hospitals using disk diffusion method. Clindamycin resistance in erythromycin resistant strains was detected by developing a D- shape zone of sensitivity.Results: Phenotype D from 200 isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci was detected in 6 isolates (3%) (1 staphylococcus aureus and 5 coagulase negative staphylococci isolates). Phenotype+D were observed in four isolates.13 isolates had negative phenotype D.Conclusions: Inducible resistance test in staphylococcal strains is a suitable method for reorganization of the antibiotic resistance in these bacteria. It seems the performance of test D is necessary in erythromycin resistant strains. Implementing this test can present a better correct report about real sensitivities than these strains to clindamycin.

Background and aims: Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss is one of the most frequent congenital defects, and it has the prevalence of one in thousand among the infants. ARSNHL is a very heterogenic defect for over 70 loci and 50 genes have been found. In the present study, screening of DFNB59 loci performed with aim of determineing the contribution of this locus in Hamedan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces.Methods: In this laboratory descriptive study, DFNB59 mutations in 54 families from 3 provinces of Iran including Hamedan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari were studied. The gene (PJVK) in this locus encodes Pejvakin protein (PJVK) and causes tranafer nerve stimulation. Selected families in this study had consanguinity and they had at least 2 patients with the defect. They also were negative in having the GJB2 mutations.6 STR markers were selected for these loci. By PCR amplification, electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel was done and linkage analysis was performed.Results: After examining different families, it was revealed that none of them had linkage to the DFNB59 locus. Therefore, this study shows that Pejvakin mutations do not play an important role in causing HL in these provinces.Conclusion: According to the present study, it suggests that Pejvakin mutations might not play an important role in appearance of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in these provinces including Hamedan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari.

Background and aims: Fig; which is one of the fruits mentioned in the Qur' an, may prevent increased production of free radicals because of its rich content of antioxidants. This study was aimed to study the effect of using figs on oxidant and antioxidant parameters on healthy young men.Methods: In this clinical trial, 74 healthy male students were chosen randomly and divided into 2 groups of test and control. The test group received daily 120 g dried fig for 4 weeks. Blood samples were obtained from two groups at beginning of study and after 4 weeks. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) was measured by Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method; activity of Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and the rate of Fe were matured by auto analyzer system BT 3000.Results: Results indicate that Fe level has a significant decrease as an oxidative parameter in the test group after 4 weeks after iintervention (P=0.005). GGT and TAC levels showed a significant increase as antioxidant parameters in the test group after four weeks of interference (P=0.001). Moreover, comparing the mean changes of Fe showed a significant difference between 2 groups after 4 weeks of intervention (P=0.22). A significant difference after 4 weeks of intervention was observed by comparing mean changes in GGT (0.008) and TAC (0.001) in 2 groups of test and control as well.Conclusion: Considering the significant decrease in Fe level as the oxidative parameter and a significant increase in GGT and TAC level as the antioxidant parameters, Figs can play an effective and useful role in increasing the antioxidant defend of the body against free radicals and decrease damages caused by oxidative stress.

Background and aims: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with marked infiltration inflammatory cells such as neutrophil, macrophage and H. pylori-specific T and B cells to involved organs with infection. The molecular pathways that control H. pylori-associated inflammatory reaction are complex, but locally induced cytokines seem to play a role to maintaining the ongoing inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate IL-6 mRNA expression in the H. pylori-infected and uninfected gastric patients and detect its correlation with cag A among H. pylori- infected patients.Methods: This study was a case – control research. Biopsies were collected from 58 H. pylori-infected patients and 44 uninfected. Then, IL-6 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Presence of cag A virulence factor was evaluated using PCR. IL-6 mRNA expression in infected and non-infected groups and its relationship with cag A virulence factor were analyzed using t-test.Results: The IL-6 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in H. pylori patients than uninfected patients (P<0.05). There was no relationship between cag A virulence factor in H. pylori-infected patients and IL-6 mRNA expression (P>0.05).Conclusions: Inflammation will cause an increase in the expression of IL-6 gene and it may be independent of cag A virulence factor.

Background and aims: Due to the need to recognize musculoskeletal disorders in workers to improve their health as a large part of the working capital of our country and shortages in studies which provide solutions to improve these problems, the present study was aimed to assess the effect of corrective exercises on musculoskeletal disorders in workers in Khoram Abad city for providing solutions to improve these disorders in 2012.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population was male workers in industrial centers 1 and 2 in Khoram Abad.320 workers were studied in the initial evaluation. According to the inclusion criteria, 196 workers were eligible to enter the study and responded to questionnaire questions. The data collection scale was a standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders questionnaire. Corrective plan of disorders was performed by a physical training expert according to detected abnormalities (113 cases). Corrective exercises in the stretching and strengthening manners performed at 24 sessions in 8 weeks.Results: 113 workers had a pain history in their extremities and musculoskeletal members and they had no previous disease history.58% of workers were with musculoskeletal disorders at least in one of the nine areas of their body which the most prevalence was in areas: lumbar (31.6), neck (19.8) shoulder (29.5), and knee (17.8). A significant reduction was seen in all nine regions after intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion: Corrective exercises reduce pain and musculoskeletal problems in workers.

Background and aims: Hemolytic anemia-induced hypoxia can lead to multi-organ dysfunctions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C as an antioxidant agent against hemolytic anemia-induced changes in small intestine histoarchitecture of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) treated mice.Methods: In this experimental study, adult male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups of eight mice each. Both groups of mice received PHZ at a dose of 60 mg/kg per 48 hours intraperitoneally for 35 days. One of these groups received vitamin C (250 mg/kg per day) intraperitoneally 4 hours before PHZ administration. A vehicle-treated control group and a vitamin C control group were also included.24 hours after the last treatment, desired segments of small intestines were dissected out and provided histological processing. Then, morphometric parameters were evaluated.Results: PHZ caused a significant decrease in the villi width of duodenum and jejunum, crypts depth of duodenum, and distribution rate of the gobletcells in the ileal villi and height of villi in 3 segments of small intestine ((P<0.05). Vitamin C markedly improved all changes in the aforementioned parameters.Conclusion: Vitamin C could improve histological injuries caused by hemolytic anemia in the mousse’s small intestine.

Background and aims: Advantage and disadvantage of chemical preservatives have enforced food manufacturers to use natural preservatives in food industry. Vegetable oils (called volatile oils) are aromatic liquid, which come from plants. Aromatic plants are rich in essential oils, which have considerable antimicrobial properties. This study was aimed to investigate antibacterial effects of the essences of Melissa officinalis and Deracocephalum moldavica L. against some pathogenic bacteria in food in vitro.Methods: In this experimental study, after providing bacteria for experiment by using disk diffusion zone diameter of growth inhibition and microdilution methods, Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for both Deracocephalum moldavica L. and Melissa officinalis essences were evaluated. The results are compared by software SPSS and t-test statistical test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: The results indicate strong antimicrobial effects of 2 mentioned essences against tested bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in 1/2 mg/ml, (for both essences) was the most sensitive bacterium to the essences of Melissa officinalis and Deracocephalum moldavica L. Antibacterial effects of Melissa oficinalis were stronger than Deracocephalum moldavica L.Conclusion: The results indicate that the essence of Melissa Ofisinalis and Deracocephalum moldavica L can be inhibitory and anti-bacterial against pathogenic microorganisms. These essences can be an excellent alternative for chemical preservatives and can use in the drug and food industry.

Background and aims: In each of cancers tissues, a rare population and isolated cells known as cancer stem cells are responsible for the initiation, development, metastasis and invasion of the cancers. Numerous studies established that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen inhibit the promotion and proliferation of some tumors. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of ibuprofen on metastasis and invasion power of gastric cancer stem cells.Methods: In this experimental study, Gastric cancer stem cells of AGS and MKN45 cell lines were isolated by the spheroid colony formation technique. Gastric cancer stem cells were treated with concentrations 100-500 (mM) of ibuprofen. Invasion and metastatic potential of cancer stem cells comparison to control cells were determined using the wound healing method.Results: Invasion and metastatic power of the cancer stem cells isolated from AGS and MKN45 cell lines treated with concentrations 300 and 400 (mM) of ibuprofen compared to control cancer stem cells were reduced.Conclusion: The results of this study represent the effect of ibuprofen on invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer stem cells; as the cells that involved in the start and spread of cancer. It seems Ibuprofen can also be used as a medicine to improve the treatment of cancer, if further researches perform in this area.

Background and aims: Nowadays, with increasing use of silver nanoparticles in various products including consumption and medical appliances, it is necessary to consider toxicity of these nanoparticles for their safety issues. This study was designed and performed to investigate the silver nanoparticles acute histopathological effects on liver, kidney with blood cells during oral administration in male mice (Mus musculus).Methods: In this experimental study, a group of 45 male BALB/c mice (weighting 24.2±3.0 g) were randomly divided into three groups (two treatments and one control), each with 15 mice. Daily and at the same time, two silver nanoparticle groups were orally administered with 20 ppm and 50 ppm, but in control group, instead of silver nanopraticles, distilled water was used. Sampling was conducted on days 2, 7 and 14 of the experiment from the liver and kidney. With considering the blood cells, Hematoxilin and Eosing (H& E) staining protocol was used to pathological study of the specimens.Results: The liver injuries were vacuolated of cytoplasm, degeneration and cell necrosis accompanied with focal accumulation of swelling cells and congestion. Glomerulonephritis, tubular cell necrosis, presence of swelling cells with congestion were observed in the kidney. The results showed that orally-administered silver nanoparticles at high dose of 50 ppm can cause damage to hepatic and renal tissues. There were no significant differences between red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit (P>0.05). However, white blood cell counts were significantly higher in treated groups with silver nanoparticles (50 ppm) compared with the control (P<0.05).Conclusions: This study showed that liver and kidney are target organs for silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles damage the mice’s liver and kidney, if eaten orally. Furthermore, orally-administered silver nanoparticles lead to considerable changes in white blood cell counts.

Background and aims: Sulfur mustard gas (SM) is one of the most used chemical warfare agents that used against Iranian soldiers in the war between Iraq and Iran (1980–1988). Some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms such as damage to DNA and cell membrane, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and probably inflammation have studied. In this review, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SM lung have been investigated.Methods: In this review article, it was searched some key word: Sulfur Mustard with cellular and molecular mechanisms, oxidative stress, protease and anti-protease, inflammation and signaling pathways in various databases related to cellular and molecular sciences especially Journals related to molecular pathophysiology and Pubmed database from 1990 to 2013.Results: The well-known molecular mechanisms of SM lung injuries are imbalances in the protease-antiprotease system, and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF-кB and Smad. Measurement and assessment of immune cellular function especially Th and Treg, prostaglandins, lecturing, epigenetics indexes, apoptotic mechanism and micoRNA cells can be useful for deep and comprehensive conception about therapy process of these patients.Conclusions: The present studies showed that three processes, stress oxidative, imbalances in the oxidant-antioxidant, proteases and anti-proteases system, and activation of inflammatory signaling pathways have the main role in injuries to patients’ lung interfaced to Sulfur Mustard. It hopes by understanding more about the SM pulmonary chronic injuries process, can prevent further damages.