Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Year:2003 | Volume:5 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

Systemic to pulmonary artery shunt is one of the important treatments in pulmonary atresia–ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD). There are controversial views about the effects of shunt on the growth of pulmonary artery tree. The aim of this study was to assess the early and late effects of systemic to pulmonary shunt by angiography on the increase of pulmonary artery indices (Nakata and Mc Goon), and development of complications in patients with PA-VSD.We retrospectively reviewed the results of 19 PA-VSD patients having systemic to pulmonary shunt and had pre and post operation angiography (inclusion criteria). None of them had large collateral or PDA (exclusion criteria). The mean age of the patients was 5 ± 3.6 years. Ten patients had left shunts, 8 cases had right shunts and one case had a central shunt. After shunt the mean increase in Nakata index was 40.8 mm2/m2 (P=0.08) and in McGoon index was 0.11 (P=0.23). A major stenosis was observed in 1 case. The increase of McGoon index was higher in right shunts and in early years after the operation.We can conclude that systemic to pulmonary shunt can be performed with low risk, providing good palliation and is associated with relative increase of pulmonary artery indices (not significant), and low incidence of major stenosis, especially when the shunt was performed in more than two years old patients.

An important part of ethnopharmacology is study of pharmacological effects of medicinal plants and natural compounds in animal models. In this study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Coriandrum sativum L. seeds were evaluated. The total hydroalcoholic and flavonoid extract of the seeds were prepared and concentrated. Essential oil of coriander was obtained by soxhlet extractor, using pentane as solvent. Carrageenan (CAR) test was used for evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect. In this test 100ml of CAR suspension (1%w/v) was injected into subplantar space of rat hind paw and volume of paw was measured at 0 and 3 hrs after injection.For evaluation of analgesic effect writhing and formalin tests were used. For Writhing test, acetic acid (1%v/v) at a dose of 10 ml/kg was injected intraperitonealy (i.p.) and 10 min later the number of writhes was counted during a 10 minutes period. In formalin test, the paw licking time was measured during phase 1(0-5 min) and phase 2 (20-25min) after injection of 50 یl of formalin (2.5%v/v). Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that linalool (83.1%) is the major constituent of coriander essential oil.Our results showed that Coriander had no anti-inflammatory effect in CAR test. In writhing test, only the essential oil (4ml/100g,P.O) had a significant effect (P<0.01). Total extract, polyphenolic extract and essential oil of coriander, had significant effect in both phases of formalin test. Since the major constituent of coriander essential oil is linalool, it seems that it may be responsible for the effects.

Students need academic advising during their study in a university to be capable, successful and to prevent academic problems. Based on the previous studies, students were dissatisfied from their academic advisors. This study was performed to compare two educational methods for the academic advisors. Seventy-two academic advisors participated in a pre-test and 87 participated in the education. The latter group was randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=43), attended in one day education. Group 2 (n=44), only received the educational materials as the method two education program. To evaluate students’ satisfaction from their academic advisors, a valid and reliable questionnaire was used in pre-test section (n=445), and in the experimental section (n=961). Students in the experimental group were divided into three groups: group 1, whose academic advisors had been participated in the educational method one, group 2, whose academic advisors had been participated in the educational method two and group 3, those students that had no academic advisors.The results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between students’ satisfaction of pre-test section (Xbar =25.52, SD=10.82), group 1(Xbar =29.28, SD=9.13), group 2 (Xbar =24.65, SD=8.61), and group 3 (Xbar =16.98, SD=8.04). This study showed that the level of students satisfaction depended on the academic advisors’ abilities. Also, application of the educational program like workshop could improve academic advisors’ skills resulting in students’ satisfaction. Having educational material could not influence academic advisors’ behavior.

There is no effective method to reduce or ameliorate the pain of brucella sacroileitis, so the effect of skin traction on this pain was evaluated. A prospective study, within 24 months, was performed on a sample of 60 patients. 65.5% of the patients had muscular-skeletal involvement, from those 66% had sacroileitis. The patients were mostly male and in their second and third decades of life. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the case group, skin traction, metocarbamol tablet, indomethacin capsule, streptomycin ampoule, and tetracycline capsule were administered. In the control group the same regimen except the skin traction was administered. At the end of treatment, both groups were compared. In the case group there was 95% improvement of the pain of sacroileitis, whereas in the control group there was just 25% improvement (P<0.001). Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the skin traction should be used as early as possible, for reduction or improvement of pain of sacroileitis of brucellosis.

The importance of manganese in normal metabolism and its effect on lipid metabolism is a matter of widespread investigation in recent years. In this study, changes of plasma levels of lipoproteins and lipoprotein lipase activity as well as liver contents of different lipids were investigated following manganese administration in rats.The experiments were carried out using two acute and chronic doses. In chronic group, manganese as MnCl2, with a dose of 2mg/kg was injected (I.P) for 30 days, and in acute group manganese was injected with a dose of 15 mg/kg for 2 days. In the acute group, after the administration of manganese, plasma level of the total cholesterol, LDL-C and liver phospholipids increased, but lipoprotein lipase activity decreased. Plasma TC and VLDL-C did not change. At the end of chronic injection period, plasma levels of total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, VLDL-C, liver phospholipids and liver TG were increased, but LDL-C and plasma LPL activity were decreased.

During World War II more than 10,000 chemical substances were tested as insect repellents. Perhaps the best and all-purpose repellent developed since then is diethyltoluamide, which in various tests has been shown to be the most effective agent against a wide variety of insects. In this study diethyltoluamide was synthesized and formulated as a gel. Reaction of primary acid with thionylchloride produced acyl halide, which in reaction with diethylamine produced diethyltoluamide, with 96% yield. Reaction of diethylamine with ethyl ester of primary acid did not yield diethyltoluamide even in different experimental conditions. For production of diethyltoluamid gel, various gelling agents such as carbapol and hydroxy propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were tested.The results showed that a suitable gel could be formulated by HPMC. Physical stability, spread and viscosity of gels were evaluated. The gels that contained 14 and 18% of diethyltoluamide were stable. Rheograms of the gels that were plotted by brockfild viscometer showed that the gels have a psudoplastic characteristic.

Pre-eclampsia is a major unsolved obstetrical problem and a contributor to maternal and prenatal mortality and morbidity.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia and its correlated maternal and fetal complications in women referred to Emam Sajjad Hospital of Yasuj for delivery or termination of pregnancy. Study was carried out on 1000 women who delivered from summer to autumn 2001 in the hospital. Data were collected by performing interview and physical examination, to find signs and symptoms of pre-eclampsia with regard to relevant laboratory test results. Prevalence of pre-eclampsia was 5.4%. The rate of maternal and fetal complications in pre-eclamptic women was significantly higher in comparison with others who delivered in the same period. These complications included abruptioplacentae (14.8%), cesarean (29.6%), eclampsia (9.2%), preterm labor (30.2%), lowbirth weight (23.5%), still birth (11.1%), fetal distress (27.8%) and low Apgar Score (22.2%) (P<0.0001). Maternal age over 35 years old, maternal diabetes and history of preeclampsia in previous pregnancies were the risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Prevalence of preeclampsia was in the ranges reported from other parts of the world. Also maternal and fetal complications were significant, therefore mothers with pre-eclampsia should be identified early by promoting prenatal cares in heath centers.

This descriptive, retrospective, cross sectional and analytical study was performed on 1302 cases (610 female and 692 male) using nonprobability simple sampling. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of domestic accidents in both urban and rural areas of Shahrekord, as well as to find the relationship between domestic accident prevalence and following factors: sex, age, injured part of the body, place, cause, and type of accident. Information about the patients referred to urban and rural health centers and emergency departments of hospitals was collected using a questionnaire.Our results revealed that 0.36% of the people were injured by domestic accidents (0.17% females and 0.19% males). The most frequent causes of domestic accidents were collision to sharp things (41.1%), hot liquids (28.3%) and falling down (16.3%) respectively. The most frequent types of domestic accidents were cut lacerate (49.7%) and burning (32.86%).Also we found that there was a significant relationship between sex, age, area, injured part of the body and cause or type of accident. The highest rate was found among 0-4 and 15-24 years old persons. The overall accidents were less in women but burning was higher. Incision, wound, concussion and fracture were higher among men.

Cataract surgery is common and one of the most common surgery techniques is extra capsular cataract extraction (ECCE). The most important factor in recovery of visual acuity after cataract surgery is postoperative astigmatism. In this study the resulted astigmatism of cataract surgery sutured by two methods of running and separate was compared. Patients were operated as ECCE and most of them with Pc Iol implantation and then all of them were sutured with Nylon 10.0. Corneal sutures of 104 cases were running and of 53 cases were separated. 39% of patients were women and 61% were men.The mean of preoperative astigmatism was 0.11 diopter. The mean of postoperative astigmatism one day after operation was 5.19 diopter (running: 4.7; separated: 5.7), and 3 months after operation was 1.58 diopter (running: 1.12; separated: 2.05). From the fourth week after surgery the difference between the two methods was significant.According to above data, running sutures are better tolerated by patients and induce less postoperative astigmatism.

Systemic corticosteroids are the essential part of treatment in many coetaneous autoimmune diseases. Osteoporosis and other side effects could be seen during treatment with these drugs, especially in postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been recommended to prevent and reduce the complications in these patients. On the other hand, this kind of prophylaxy may increase the risk of the breast cancer. In this study, the risk factors of the breast cancer were evaluated to make a guideline for using HRT in postmenopausal women. This retrospective survey was performed on randomly selected samples of 176 normal people and 176 patients suffering from breast cancer. Data was collected by questionnaires and interviews. The risk factors of breast cancer, in order of importance, are followings: family history, delayed menopause, delay in first pregnancy, short duration of breast feeding, having less than 2 children and nuliparity. There was no significant relation between history of abortion or age of the first menstruation and breast cancer.Regarding the results, it is recommended that HRT should not be done in patients with positive family history of breast cancer and could be done with caution in patients with delayed menopause, delay in the first pregnancy, short duration of breast feeding, less than 2 children and nuliparity.