Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research
Year:2010 | Volume:17 | Issue:69|Papers Count:13

Background and objectives: Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to reduce inflammation, pain and fever. The present study was organized to induce an experimental inflammation in an animal model, using a putative biological oxidant, Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and to study the effects of Flunixin meglumine and Ketoprofen on the pressure-induced pain.Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 24 male guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups each consisting of 6 animals. Three groups (groups 2, 3 and 4) were injected Peroxynitrite and one group (the first: control) received physiological salt solution subcutaneously in the paw. After induction of a local inflammatory response, Flunixin meglumine (1mg/kg) and Ketoprofen (2 mg/kg) were injected to the second and third groups, 5 times with 12h intervals. The first and the fourth groups were injected saline solution in the same manner. Pressure analgesiometry was performed before and 1 hour after injections. Result: The animals in all 3 groups treated with Peroxynitrite demonstrated an increased sensitivity to painful pressure (P<0.05). Both NSAIDs decreased the pain sensation dramatically after the 1st and the 2nd injections but, not after the 3rd, 4th and the 5th injections.Conclusion: The study suggested that NSAIDs may be helpful in reducing pressure-induced pain in animal model in early hours of the treatment, whereas the effect subsides over time and ends up after a few days. This effect may be of importance in humans who receive these kinds of drugs for a long period as they may not be effective in reducing pain after a while.

Background and Objectives: Low back pain is one of the most common complaints in pregnancy which interferes with work, daily activities and sleep. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Sitting Pelvic Tilt Exercise on physical disability in primigravidas with low back pain during the third trimester. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 60 primigravidas who attended in 3 prenatal clinics of Zanjan University of medical science. At first, 60 primigravidas were selected by simple sampling and randomly divided into two groups: case and control. Only the experimental group did the sitting pelvic tilt exercise program for 8 weeks during the third trimester. Data was collected for both groups by interview using VAS scale and Disability Rating Index (DRI) on the days 0 and 56 (pre and post intervention).Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, occupation, education and BMI and intensity of physical disability before the intervention. However, intensity of physical disability significantly decreased (p<0.0001) in the experimental group after the exercise program. Adversely, the intensity of physical disability increased in the control group as pregnancy proceed (p<0.0001). Intensity of low back pain was also reduced in the experimental group after the sitting pelvic tilt exercise program comparing to pre treatment stage and also in comparison with the control group (P<0.0001).Conclusion: It seems that use of exercise programs such as “sitting pelvic tilt exercise” is an effective method in pregnant women who suffer from low back pain and related disabilities but do not want to use aggressive treatments and chemical pain relief drugs.

flow. Losartan is angiotensin II receptor I (AT1) antagonist and is used for treatment of congestive heart failure and hypertension. It is widely recognized that Losartan has organ protective nature and most effective for organ damage progressing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Losartan on apoptosis in renal tissue after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rat.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (ten rats in each group) as follows: (1) control; (2) unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO); (3) UUO/Losartan (UUO/LOS); (4) Sham-operated; (5) Sham/LOS. Control animals received drug solvent. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed in groups 2 and 3 and sham operations were performed in groups 4 and 5. In group 2, animals received drug solvent and in group 3 animals received Losartan (60 mg/kg). All drugs administered orally for 15 days (started before operation). Apoptosis in renal tissue were studied in left renal in different groups with tunnel method at day 14.Results: Tunnel staining determined that experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction caused induction of apoptosis (15.52±1.33) in tubular cells of renal tissue but, in Losartan treated animals number of apoptotic cells (5.24±0.93) significantly (p<0.05) decreased. There was no significant difference between control (0.91±0.26), sham (1.17±0.29) and sham/LOS (2.16±0.47) groups.Conclusion: Our results showed that experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction induces apoptosis in renal tissue but, Losartan administration decreased the number of apoptotic cells in renal tissue.

Background and objectives: Clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease such as myocardial infarction generally have onset from middle age onwards. However, studies indicate that the atherosclerotic process begins to develop during childhood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors for atherosclerosis in children with family history of premature myocardial infarction in Arak city in 2007.Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study in which 209 children and adolescents aged 3-18 years with a family history of early onset myocardial infarction were selected base on convenience sampling. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, blood pressure, weight and height and fasting blood sugar were investigated. Data were analyzed by SPSS.Results: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were 28.2% and 20.1% respectively. 19.1% of these individuals had HDL-C values lower than 35mg/dL. 19.1% of them had LDL-C levels higher than 129 mg/dL. 4.31% presented hypertension and 28.71% had excessive weight. There was no relationship between hyperlipidemia and fasting blood sugar. However, there was significant association between hyperlipidemia and level of BMI and blood pressure (P<0.05).Conclusion: More than a quarter of children had at least one risk factor for atherosclerosis. Obesity was identified to be significantly associated with hyperlipidemia. These results emphasis the importance of evaluating children and adolescents with family history of early onset myocardial infarction for atherosclerotic disease.

Background and objectives: HbA1C measurement is a gold standard for controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients. There is little information about fasting and postprandial blood glucose effect on HbA1C. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between fasting and postprandial blood glucose and some other factors with HbA1C on type 2 diabetic patient in Kermanshah Diabetes Research Center.Materials and Methods: 173 type 2 diabetic patients were selected in a sectional-analytic study by easy sampling. Information were completed using a questionnaire and blood glucose were measured before and 2 hours post-breakfast and at 4pm every 2-4 weeks for a period of 3 months. At the end of the third month HbA1C were also measured. Based on HbA1C, patients were divided into three groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.Results: There was a relationship between fasting, 2 hours post-breakfast and 4pm blood glucose and HbA1C. Correlation coefficient was r=0.49 (p<0.0001) for fasting blood glucose, (r=0.754, p<0.0001) for 2 hours post-breakfast and (r=0.811, p<0.001) for 4pm blood glucose. Also there were a relationship between duration of the disease (r=0.363, p<0.0001) and type of treatment (r=0.338, p<0.0001) with HbA1C. There was no relationship between age, sex, BMI, family history of diabetes and education with HbA1C.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between fasting and 2 hours post-breakfast and 4pm blood glucose with HbA1C but, the most relationship was found between 4pm blood glucose with HbA1C. Therefore, fasting blood glucose is not a good character for diabetes control and postprandial blood glucose measurement should be carried out for better control of diabetes.

Background and objectives: Atherosclerosis results from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Free cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues and transferring to the liver for excretion from bile which is known as reverse cholesterol transfer (RCT) plays a central role in protection against atherosclerosis. HDL and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are the major participants of RCT. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the cholesteryl ester transfer protein I405V polymorphism modifies the response to changes in the dietary ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S).Materials and Methods: The population study included 85 healthy subjects with the different I405V genotypes (35 II, 36 IV, and 14 VV) who assigned to two consecutive 28 days experimental period. All subjects consumed a high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) diet with P:S of 1.2 for the first period and a high saturated fatty acids (SFA) diet with a P:S of 0.3 for the next 28 days period. At the first and the end of each dietary period, serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured.Results: At beginning of screening, lipid or lipoprotein concentrations were not significantly different among CETP I405V genotype groups. After the high SFA diet, subjects carrying V allele had a greater reduction in apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) than subjects with II genotype.Conclusion: The CETP I405V polymorphism contributes to the unfavorable changes of apoA- I and HDL-C when a high PUFA diet were replaced with a high SFA diet.

Background and objectives: Uterine smooth muscle tumors are the most common human neoplasms. They are divided clinically as benign and malignant but there is another group of lesions which is difficult to place in these two categories, so-called (STUMP) and differentiation of these tumors on the basis of H&E staining is impossible. The aim of this study was to find a set of distinguishing objective biomarkers and a survey of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers comparing these three groups of tumors.Materials and Methods: Twenty one (21) cases in each group of the above mentioned tumors were randomly selected (63 cases in total) from pathobiology laboratories of Kermanshah and Shiraz cities and studied by IHC for expression of ER, PR, C-kit, Bcl-2, P16, and P53.Results: The frequency of IHC markers expression in leiomyosarcoma (LMS) were as follow: ER (5.26%), PR (15.52%), P53 (26.31%), Bcl-2 (15.78%), C-kit (15.52%) and P16 (15.42%). In the STUMP cases: PR (23.80%), Bcl-2 (4.76%) and P16 (9.52%), ER, C-kit and P53 were not expressed. In Leiomyoma group, only Bcl-2 was expressed (14.28%) and the others had no expression. P53 and P16 expression between the two groups of Leiomyoma and LMS, and also STUMP and LMS were significantly different (P<0.05).Conclusion: P53 and P16 are reliable markers for differentiation between STUMP and LMS and also Leiomyoma from LMS and have a high diagnostic specificity. STUMP is used to identify cases in which clinicopathologic findings for final diagnosis as benign or malignant is not adequate. In this study a high similarity of STUMP group of immunohistochemical profile with benign cases was seen.

Background and objectives: Due to the benefits of regular physical activity and prevalence of sedentary of physical activity among females and the potential of health education theories and models in changing behaviors, this study was designed to assess the effect of physical education (II) based on BASNEF Model on female students’ regular physical activity of Isfahan university of medical sciences.Materials and Methods: All female students who registered in physical education Π classes in the first semester of academic year 2007-2008, participated in this experimental intervention program (N=120). These students were from six classes and randomly divided into two groups: experimental group (3 classes) and control group (3 classes). The data was collected using a developed questionnaire based on BASNEF Model (contain Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norm, Enabling Factors components) as well as international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The experimental group participated in 2 months ordinary physical education program based on BASNEF Model. The control group had 2 months ordinary educational program. The data was collected in pre and post-test periods and then 2 and 4 months follow-up and analyzed using SPSS software.Results: After intervention, the mean scores of BASNEF components were significantly high in experimental group in comparison to the control group. Also the experimental groups’ participation in regular physical activity was significantly greater than the control group after 2 and 4 months prior to the interventional program.Conclusion: Developing physical education courses based on BASNEF model can improve regular physical activity of female students.

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, The knowledge management is an undeniable necessity so that without the knowledge management, organizations are nearly repulsive of competition and survival. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between organizational culture and the knowledge management in teaching hospitals of Zanjan university of medical sciences.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study which carried out in 3 teaching hospitals of Zanjan university of medical sciences (Vali-Asr, Ayatollah Mousavi and Shahid Beheshti). Statistical population of this study included the whole staff of hospitals with the level of B.A and upper education. 190 individuals were selected and replied the questionnaire which consisted of 3 parts: Demographic information, knowledge management and organization culture. SPSS 13 was used for analyzing the data.Results: The staff of hospitals offered an average grade to organization culture. Five features or organization culture was examined which the highest grade or concession was given to: "The organization belonging ", "management style", "individual creativity", "management support" and aggression tolerance". The knowledge management was measured weak by the staff. The acquired concession by 3 features of knowledge management respectively was: "knowledge transfer”,"knowledge creation" and "knowledge protection and saving". There was a positive meaningful relationship between the organization culture and the knowledge management (P=0.0006, r=0.43). The most correlation relation was between the management supports, the individual creatively, the management style, the organization belonging and the aggression tolerance with knowledge management.Conclusion: Strong and dynamic organization culture is one of the main tools for successful manipulation of the knowledge management in organizations. Changes in organization culture in order to establish knowledge management must be paid more attention and support the knowledge, personal creativity development and management style.

Background and objectives: Rheumatic fever is a main problem of developing countries, whereas in developed countries its prevalence is low. Proper diagnosis and adequate treatment of beta streptococcal infection can effectively prevent such unwanted sequel.Materials and Methods: Following completion of a questionnaire regarding age, sex, location etc. blood sample was collected and ASO titer was measured.Results: Out of 400 samples, 54 patients had positive ASO titer. 83.3% of individuals with a positive titer had the history of pharyngitis. Positive ASO titers in rural and urban area were 19% and 11.6% respectively. Positive ASO titer in females and males were 68.5% and 31.5% respectively. Age distribution of positive titer was 42.6% in 20-29 years age group and 37% in 10-19 years age groups.Conclusion: patients with positive ASO titer in Zanjan province and surrounding villages were relatively high which might be due to low education level and poor economical status. The incidence was high in the second and the third decade of life whereas in other countries this range is between 6-15 years. High incidence of rheumatic fever in the studying population seeks a prompt measure to be taken on the prevention and control of streptococcal infection.