Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Year:2011 | Volume:14 | Issue:2|Papers Count:12

Introduction: unintended pregnancy leads to unpleasant physical and psychological outcomes in both infant and mother. Unfortunately, many of these pregnancies are seen in women who use reliable contraceptive methods such as oral contraceptive pills. The aim of current study was to investigate the prevalence of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) in unintended pregnancies and the factors associated with its failure.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 1000 pregnant women who referred to the obstetrics ward of Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad for labor from 2007 to 2008. A questionnaire was used for obtaining the demographics and type of contraception. Then mothers who had used oral contraceptive pills were asked for their applied methods. Data were analyzed by spss 11.5 software.Results: 34.5% of studied women had unintended pregnancy that 3.91% had used contraceptive methods. The main method used in unintended pregnancies was OCP (%40.3). In OCP consumers, just %19.7 used OCP correctly. Fear of complications was the most prevalent cause of wrong use (%42.2). other factors associated with OCP failure were age, education level and economic state which had significant relationship with failure (P<0.05).conclusion: Since OCP use is the most common contraception method and fear of complications is the most important cause of failure, training the correct method of OCP use and informing consumers about complications should be emphasized.

Introduction: body weight is a health determinating indicator in human beings. Several studies have examined the association between obesity and infertility. This study was conducted in order to compare obesity in fertile and infertile women.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out by case-control design. The case group (N=182) were chosen from Yazd infertility center and the control group (N=189) were chosen by multi stages sampling method at 4 health care clinics in Yazd during Jan to July 2006. Data were collected by a questionnaire which was completed by interview and measurement. The data was analyzed with SPSS 14 software and inferential statistical tests.Results: Body mass index and waist to hip ratio were higher in infertile women but this difference was not significant (P=0.52). %62.4 of samples were overweight or obese including 118 infertile and 113 fertile women. In addition, waist to hip ratio in %92.2 of women including 156 infertile and 117 fertile women was equal or more than 0.8, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P=0.09). The average duration of menstruation was significantly shorter for infertile women (P=0.000). %50 of infertile women mentioned a recent weight loss but only %0.42 mentioned in fertile group (p=0.000).Conclusion: The relation between obesity and infertility is not confirmed in this study, which is not consistent with similar study results. This issue seems to be due to the diets and recent weight loss in majority of infertile women who referred to the studied infertility center.

Introduction: majority of women is worried about labor pain during pregnancy and it leads to their interest in cesarean section. Today, different medical and non-medical treatments are used to decrease labor pain. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of different positions on the intensity of labor pain in women who were in active phase of labor.Methods: this clinical trial was done on 400 women who were selected by purposive sampling method and were in the active phase of labor. First a questionnaire was filled for them based on demographic characteristic and then they were requested to sit down and sleep in supine position intermittently every 15 minutes. Severity of pain in abdomen and back was determined by pain scale and recorded data was analyzed by SPSS 11 software and student t-test and Chi-square test.Results: in most of women back pain and abdominal pain was lower in sitting position and by changing position from sitting to supine, intensity of pain sensation increased. Significant relation was observed between back pain and abdominal pain in active phase (P=0.000).Conclusion: Sitting position can decrease pain sensation in back and abdomen and therefore, change in severity of pain from severe to moderate and moderate to mild in active phase of labor.

Introduction: manner and time of intervening labor management caused difficulty in decision making in labor cares. This study was conducted to assess the result of using partogram in labor management and recognition of abnormal labor and appropriate intervention time.Methods: In this prospective clinical trail, 200 primigravid women who admitted in alborz hospital of karaj in 1995-1996 were randomly divided into case group and control group. Partogram was recorded for all patients and in the case group, decision-making was based upon the resulting curve, but in control group decision making was based on routine care without using partogram. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 13 software and t-test, Chi-square test and Mann-whitney test.Results: Mean length of first stage of labor in case group (208.71±33.8) was significantly lower than control group (289.26±20.3) (P=0.0001), but mean length of second stage of labor was not significantly different in two groups.Total length of labor was significantly shorter in case group (P=0.0001). there was significantly higher rate of cesarean section in case group (P=0.042).first minute Apgar score was significantly higher in the case group (P=0.014).Conclusion: partogram, causes a decrease in length of labor and corrects the time of intervention and is beneficial in better decision making in labor management and therefore reduces the complications of abnormal and prolonged labor and is useful as a means of labor management in correct decision making in labor cares.

Introduciton: Preterm delivery accounts for preterm labor or birth before 37th weeks of gestation that is the cause of two third of prenatal mortality and one of the problems in obstetrics and hormonal factors are reported to be effective. Progesterone is a placental hormone and effective in maintaining pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 17 a -hydroxyprogesterone caproate in preterm delivery prevention.Methods: This interventional clinical trial was preformed on 100 pregnant women who referred to obstetrics clinic of Ghaem hospital affiliated to mashhad university of medical sciences during 2007 to 2008. They were randomly divided into two groups of 50 cause and 50 controls. The case group received intramuscular 250 mg 17 a -hydroxyprogesterone caproate injection weekly at 16th up to 37th week of gestational. In control group, routine prenatal cares was preformed and then pregnancy outcomes were compared in two groups. Data was analyzed using student t-test and chi square test by SPSS 11 software.Results: Mean gestational age was 36 weeks in case group and 32 weeks in control group. Mean birth weight was 2299 grams in case group and 2695 grams in control group. Gestational age and birth weight had significant difference in two groups (P<0.05).conclusion: weekly administration of 17 a -hydroxyprogesterone caproate in pregnant women with history of preterm delivery decrease preterm labor and induced improvement of birth weight.

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders among women. In addition to patients, their first degree relatives are exposed to some risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, abnormal lipoproteins and impaired glucose tolerance.This study was conducted in order to investigate the rate of metabolic syndrome in first degree relatives of polycystic ovarian syndrome patients.methods: This case-control study was conducted on 34 person of degree relatives of polycystic ovarian syndrome patients who referred to health centers affiliated to shiraz university of medical sciences in 2007 as case group and 34 normal individuals who were selected as control group. Sampling was done on simple purposive. After registering their blood pressure, height and weight, a blood sample was obtained from all participants in order to assay their serum insulin, fasting blood sugar, 2hpp glucose, testosterone and lipoproteins.Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were investigated according to IDF ATPIII and QUICKI, HOMA criteria, respectively. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Fisher’s exact test as well as chi square using SPSS 11.5 software.Results: The mean of fasting blood sugar, serum testosterone, LDL were significantly lower in control group first degree relatives (P<0.05). The amounts of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and fasting insulin didn’t have significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: The first degree relatives of polycystic ovarian syndrome patients are exposed to high blood glucose and impaired lipoprotein levels.

Introduction: Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are the most commonly from of reversible contraception used throughout the world. While use is prevalent, discontinuation rate of oral OCP is high. Mood disturbance has been identified as a side effect of OCP use and is of such concern to many women that is has resulted in their discontinuation of OCP use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of oral contraceptive pills and depression in women.Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 410 women who referred to Tamin-Ejtemaei hospital of Hamadan from may to October 2009. Samples were selected using by randomized systematic method and were randomly divided into OCP (205) and non-OCP (205) groups. The assessment tool was two-part questionnaire containing the demographics data and short depression scale data.Data were analyzed by Chi-square and fisher’s test and using SPSS 14 software.Results: There was significant correlation between OCP use and depression score (P=0.006) and difference between depression score and increase of OCP use duration was significant (P=0.01).Conclusion: OCP users might be more vulnerable to depression.

Introduction: Few studies have been done to demonstrate the effect various supplements and exercises on women’s backache. This research was carried out in order to investigate the effect of appropriate exercises and correct body posture while daily activity in pregnant women.Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 132 pregnantwomen who referred to health and treatment centers and gynecologists of offices in year 2009 who were selected by available sampling method. Participants were divided into two groups by block method. The research was preformed at four stage of history taking, training, implementation and final assessment. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods by SPSS 11 software.Results: Most of women in two groups emphasized that their backache was unilateral, low set, stabbing and alternating. %18.2 of the case group and 36.6% of the control group experienced backache during pregnancy (P<0.05). In addition, 31.8% of women mentioned lifting of heavy objects, long time walking and standing together and daily activities alone as a factor effective on their pain.Conclusion: Doing exercises during pregnancy period does not eradicate backache but is beneficial in reducing backache by controlling its etiologic factors.