Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Year:2017 | Volume:20 | Issue:10 |Papers Count:18

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome is experiencing of some physical and mental symptoms, and temperament can determine physical, psychological and emotional characteristics of the individual. Exercise is one of the treatments to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the prevalence of physical and mental symptoms of premenstrual syndrome after 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise in warm and cold temperament.Methods: This clinical trial study with two groups of control and intervention and with two subgroups of warm and cold temperament was performed on 70 students in dormitories of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The intervention group performed aerobic exercises for 8 weeks, 3 times weekly, and 30 minutes each session. The questionnaires which were used included: individual and midwifery characteristics, temporary diagnosis of syndrome, daily recording of syndrome symptoms, determination of the temperament, and Burg perceptual diagram. Using these questionnaires, the type of temperament, the severity of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, and the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on symptoms of syndrome in two temperament were obtained. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22), and descriptive statistics tests, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and T-test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: In the intervention group in cold temperament, at the end of the study, all the physical and mental symptoms were less prevalent than the beginning of the study, so that the symptoms with severity of 3 had reached to zero, while in warm temperament, only confusion and worry had reached to zero, but all the physical symptoms and among the psychological symptoms, outbreak of anger, easy crying and tendency to be alone were less prevalent.Conclusion: The prevalence of the severity of physical and psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome after 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise was more improved in cold temperament than warm temperament.

Introduction: High incidence of infertility in our society (24.9%) is considered as a main problem. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) due to its low cost and non-invasiveness is selected as a first-line treatment for infertility treatment in assisted reproductive technique. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the frequency of pregnancy and its predicting factors in IUI cycles.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 308 infertile couples who had referred to Milad infertility center during 2011-2013. A total of 370 IUI cycles were performed for infertile women. Infertile women underwent Letrozole regimen along with recombinant FSH, and after monitoring by transvaginal ultrasound, when observing at least one mature follicle with size over 16 mm, HCG (5000 IU intramuscularly) was injected. 36 hours later, IUI was performed. IUI success and pregnancy rate were confirmed by pregnancy test and transvaginal ultrasound. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16).Results: The overall pregnancy rate was 23.8% in this study. The factors such as less IUI cycles (P=0.035), existence of just one known infertility factor (P=0.01), at least two mature follicles (P=0.001), endometrial thickness of at least 10mm (P=0.003), no use of tenaculum (P=0.01), ratio of progressive motile sperm more than 50% (P=0.015) and Total Motile Functional Sperm more than 5 million (P=0.015) significantly affect pregnancy rate. The woman's age (P =0.08), duration of infertility (P =0.94), type and etiology of infertility (P =0.083) and sperm concentration (P=0.269) and sperm morphology (P=0.67) did not significantly affect the pregnancy rate.Conclusion: Less IUI cycles, existence of just one known infertility factor, at least two mature follicles, endometrial thickness of at least 10mm, no use of tenaculum, ratio of progressive motile sperm more than 50%, and TMFS more than 5 million are significantly effective on pregnancy rate in IUI cycles.

Introduction: Infertility of couples has many negative psychological and social consequences for society, and the physicians always seek to find the causes and treatment for this problem. Detection and treatment of Uterine and tubal causes can reduce the incidence of infertility. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to assess abnormal findings of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in infertile couples.Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 308 women referring to the radiology clinic of Imam Reza hospital for hysterosalpingography between 2008 and 2015. A checklist was prepared from data recorded in files and reports of radiography. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16).Results: During the study period, 308 infertile women referred with mean age of 30.5±6.4 years and mean duration of infertility of 2.4±2.8 years. 54% of patients had primary infertility and 46% secondary infertility. The most common pathology among the infertile women was tubo-peritoneal factor (72.5%). In 38 cases (10%), association of several other pathologies was observed. In patients with pathologies of the uterus, uterine horns (Bicornate) was the most common abnormal finding.Conclusion: In hysterosalpingography of infertile women, the most common causes of infertility were tubo-peritoneal, Multifactorial and uterine factors, respectively.

Introduction: Prolonged pregnancy occurs in approximately 10% of pregnancies which can also have consequences for the mother and fetus. Since there is no statistical evaluation of the outcome of prolonged pregnancy compared with term pregnancies in Sanandaj city, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the risk factors associated with prolong pregnancy and management of them.Methods: This analytic-descriptive study was performed with evaluation of the files of all referring pregnant women and determining the prevalence of prolong pregnancy in Sanandaj Besat hospital during 2013-2014. Then, in this population, the variables of prolonged pregnancy compared to term pregnancy were collected. Finally, these two types of pregnancy were compared in terms of frequency of the number of pregnancy, the number of delivery, maternal BMI, reduction in amniotic fluid, use of misoprostol for cervical ripening, uterine atony, response to induction, mode of delivery, decelerations of fetal heart rate, Liquid Disposal, birth weight, 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores, and NICU admission. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and Chi-square and T tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Prolonged pregnancy compared with term pregnancy was significantly different in terms of maternal and neonatal complications such as the number of pregnancy, the number of delivery, use of misoprostol for cervical ripening, uterine atony, response to induction, mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean), decelerations of fetal heart rate, the response rate to induction, decelerations of fetal heart rate, birth weight, and 1 minute Apgar score (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in terms of maternal BMI, reduction in amniotic fluid, Liquid Disposal, 5 minute Apgar score, and NICU admission (P>0.05).Conclusion: Maternal and fetal risk factors were significantly higher in prolonged pregnancies than in term pregnancies. Therefore, it is essential to use guidelines for dealing with long-term pregnancies to maintain the health of mother and neonate.

Introduction: Spontaneous abortion or pregnancy loss is defined as the natural death of fetus before 20th weeks of pregnancy. There is a possibility that food intake is related to spontaneous abortion. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to compare body mass index (BMI) and food intake between women with spontaneous abortion and women with successful pregnancy.Methods: This case-control study was performed on 45 women with spontaneous abortion (cases) and 112 women with term and health neonates' birth (controls) who referred to the obstetrics and gynecology hospital of Farideh Behbahani of Behbahan city in 2016. The subjects were answered by Brief food frequency questionnaire about food intakes during recent pregnancy. Weight before pregnancy and height were extracted by referring to health records and BMI was calculated. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (Version 20) and independent-t test or Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Women with spontaneous abortion had significantly higher weight and BMI. This group of women had consumed less fruit (p<0.001), green vegetables (p<0.001), milk and cheese (p<0.001) compared to healthy women.Conclusion: High pre-pregnancy BMI and poor diet in terms of fruits, green vegetables and dairy products are associated with spontaneous abortion and probably increase its occurrence.

Introduction: Decreased sexual satisfaction and lack of orgasm in sexual relations are of the most common problems in postmenopausal women that affect their quality of life. In traditional medicine books, pate palm pollen is introduced as sexual enhancer plant and in recent researches, it has improved sexual behavior in animals, but no study which examines date palm pollen on sexual function in humans has not been conducted, therefore this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of date palm pollen capsules on sexual satisfaction and orgasm in menopausal women.Methods: This double-blind clinical trial with placebo group was performed on 60 menopausal women with natural menopause and without any sexual function disorder who referred to health centers of Mashhad in 2016. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: receiving date palm pollen and placebo for 35 days. The research tool was female sexual function Index (FSFI) that a part of which assessed sexual satisfaction and orgasm. The sexual function of women was evaluated before and after treatment. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Fisher-Exact, Mann-Whitney, Paired-t, and independent-t tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The mean change in orgasm score of menopausal women after the intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (P= 0.004). The mean change in sexual satisfaction score after the intervention was not significant in the intervention and control group (P=0.122).Conclusion: The use of date palm pollen improves orgasm in menopausal women, but has no effect on their sexual satisfaction.

Introduction: Postpartum is a vulnerable period in terms of mental problems. Herbal medicine may be an effective intervention for improving the mothers’ mental health. This study was performed with aim to determine the effect of Lavender cream with or without footbath on anxiety, stress and depression.Methods: This randomized clinical controlled trial was conducted on 141 women aged 18-40 years with first to three pregnancies at 25-28 weeks of pregnancy in Tabriz-Iran during 2013-2014. The subjects were placed in three groups, receiving Lavender cream and footbath, Lavender cream, and placebo. Immediately after delivery, women applied locally 2 gr (two segments of hand finger) cream (Lavender or placebo) to the legs, 1.5 hours before sleep, for 6 weeks. The group of footbath immersed their legs in warm water. Depression, anxiety and stress were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks after delivery using DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, stress scales-21). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 14) and One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of anxiety, depression and stress before intervention. There was significant difference between the three groups in terms of anxiety (P<0.001), stress (P<0.001) and depression (P<0.001) at 6th week postpartum, Mann-Whitney U test showed statistically significant difference between two intervention groups with the placebo group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between two intervention groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Lavender cream with or without footbath can decrease stress, anxiety and depression of women at postpartum period.

Introduction: Menopause for women is a global phenomenon. Flushing is of the symptoms which women experience during menopause. The treatment which is now used for flushing is hormone replacement that has many side-effects. One of the alternatives for hormone therapy is the use of plants from the family of phytoestrogens, such as evening primrose. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of evening primrose on hot flashes during menopause.Methods: This triple-blind clinical trial study was performed on 100 postmenopausal women referred to the health centers of Dastena in 2015. The subjects were assigned to two groups of placebo (n=50) evening primrose (n=50). The women participating in this study used Perle's a warm evening primrose plant or placebo twice a day for one month. Kuperman questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of menopause. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 11) and Chi-square and t-test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: The use of evening primrose had significant effect to reduce the severity, duration and frequency of hot flashes in the evening primrose group compared to placebo (P <0.001).Conclusion: The use of evening primrose was effective in reducing hot flashes in women, and can be used as a supplement or hormone replacement therapy to improve the symptoms of menopause in women.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women, and its annual incidence is more than 500,000 cases in the world and is the most common cause of death due to gynecologic cancer in America in 2011. The pursuit of abnormal Pap smear with the help of high-sensitivity diagnostic methods requires to evaluate the diagnostic value of Pap smear compared with colposcopy in diagnosing the abnormal cases and timely treatment and reduce the mortality from cervical cancer. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the diagnostic value of Pap smear compared with colposcopy in diagnosing the abnormal cases of cervix.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 172 women with abnormal Pap smear who referred to the gynecology clinic of Yasouj and had undergone colposcopy in 2015. Data collection tools included a checklist (demographic and midwifery characteristics, Pap-smear report and colposcopic examination), and data collection method was through examination and observation. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) and Chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: In this study, 55 patients (31%) had abnormal colposcopy and 22.1% of abnormal cases were aceto withe. 117 cases (68.0%) of abnormal pap smears were diagnosed by normal colposcopy, which indicated the compliance of pap smear and colposcopy with an agreement coefficient of 30% (p=0.032). The most compliance of pap smear and colposcopy was obtained in a high-grade lesion (CIN3), and the least complication was reported in cases which pap smear showed a mild-grade lesions (CIN1, CIN2). The diagnostic sensitivity of colposcopy was obtained 93%, so the diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy (54.3%) was higher than pap smear (41.26%).Conclusion: Colposcopy compared with Pap smear has higher efficacy and diagnostic accuracy in finding the early stages of cervical cancer. The most compliance of pap smear and colposcopy was obtained in a high-grade lesion (CIN3).

Introduction: Plyometric training utilizes the stretch-shortening cycle by using a lengthening (eccentric) movement, which is promptly followed by a shortening (concentric) movement. Regarding the role of plyometric exercises in muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis, as well as increasing growth factors and muscle fitness, this study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of plyometric training on muscle strength of the upper and lower limbs, lean body mass and Insulin-like growth factor in young women.Methods: This randomized trial study was performed on 28 young women aged 20-29 years in Mashhad in 2016. Young women who volunteered to participate in the study were randomly divided into two groups of plyometric training (n=14) and control (n=14). Plyometric training program was performed for 10 weeks (3 days/week, 45 to 60 minutes). Each training session consisted of 10 minute warm up, 30-45 minutes plyometric training for the upper and lower limbs, and 5 minutes cool down. Blood samples, lower and upper limbs strength test, maximum oxygen uptake, and body composition were assessed before and after training period. The control group had no exercise during this period. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and dependent and independent t-test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: The results showed that lower and upper limbs strength and maximum oxygen uptake significantly increased at the end of period (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in Insulin-like growth factor 1, lean body mass, percentage of fat and body mass index (p>0.05).Conclusion: 10 week plyometric exercises program can increase muscle strength in the upper and lower limbs, and also aerobic capacity of young women.

Introduction: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a physiological and pathological process resulting in a slow fetal growth, and not only increases fetal mortality, but also is associated with adverse outcomes during infantile and adulthood. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with IUGR in Ilam province.Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, at first, the prevalence of IUGR was measured by cross-sectional method among all newborns during 2014 in Ilam province. Then, by designing a case-control study, 781 newborns (247 cases and 534 controls) were enrolled. All the newborns with birth weight below than 10th percentile were selected as case group and the newborns with birth weight above the 10th percentile were considered as control group. They were selected via simple randomization method. The required information including demographic and clinical data was obtained from hospital records. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Chi-square and Fisher exact tests and logistic regression model. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The prevalence of IUGR among 9503 neonates in Ilam province during the study period was 2.8%. There was a significant relationship between IUGR and multiple pregnancy (P=0.0001), history of IUGR (P=0.02), mother's residency place (P=0.001), autoimmune diseases (P=0.03), kidney diseases (P=0.01), preeclampsia (P=0.0001), hyperemesis gravidarum (P=0.01), treated hypothyroidism (P=0.009) and mode of delivery (P=0.001).Conclusion: The prevalence of neonates born with IUGR in Ilam province was in accordance with global standards. Multiple pregnancy, history of IUGR, preeclampsia, hyperemesis gravidarum, autoimmune and kidney diseases and rural residency increase the chance of IUGR.

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in women. BACH2 gene is required in regulating the development and function of diverse immune cell types (B and T cell, macrophage). The BACH2 gene is a prominent susceptibility locus for multiple autoimmune and allergic diseases. Nevertheless, the expression and potential function of BACH2 in breast cancer stay unclear. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate BACH2 gene expression in breast tumor samples.Methods: In this case-control study which used paraffin tissues of breast cancer to evaluate gene expression, 40 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumoral of breast cancer and 40 healthy tissue provided from pathology department of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan were enrolled. The samples of paraffin blocks were prepared during 2014 to 2015. After completing the consent form, the clinical information for all samples were taken. Total RNA was extracted and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized. The relative gene expression was determined using quantitative method of real-time RT PCR (qRT-PCR) and was evaluated by method. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and t-test and ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: The expression of BACH2 gene was significantly lower in tumor tissue compared to healthy tissue adjacent (P < 0.05). Also, the expression of this gene in metastatic state showed significant decrease (P=0.029).Conclusion: The expression of BACH2 is lower in breast cancer tumoral tissue than the healthy tissue. Considering the BACH2 gene function, it can be suggested as tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Furthermore, the results show down-regulation in metastatic samples, which indicates the role of gene in suppressing the metastasis pathways.