IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Year:2004 | Volume:1 | Issue:5|Papers Count:15

In this research, it has been tried to survey the process of reconstruction and its consequences in Sardasht Town since 1300 (A H). The research method is qualitative and a field one. The research period is five months. Before the reconstruction process the residents of Sardasht were farmers, herders, and villagers. In mountains the nomadic life was seen. The social system was based on clans and the ownership of lands was the major factor in the social stratification. The Sardasht Village was the main center for trading and exchanging the rurul products.The research findings demonstrate that the process of reconstruction has changed the traditional aspects of life gradually. In general the Sardasht village has turned into Sardasht Town and in this way the social system has changed too. At present, although many people are still farmers and herders, all the aspects of their social life have totally changed, but the traditional cultural elements, esp. in villages and among the nomads have changed less.

Rural Studies are done in different branches of social sciences. Even rural studies are done in agricultural and environmental surveys. Hence, in recent years, rural studies are an interdisciplinary course.In this research, in has been tried to discover some logical and practical strategies so as to cause a reasonable interaction between the various branches studying rural affairs and the original courses. The background of each branch along with its development and interaction has been surveyed. Then the similarities and differences have been presented. It is quite common to concentrate these rural studies in a scientific institute. In this organization the experts can collaborate with one another in order to solve the various rural problems. In this research the position of rural studies along with the functions of each branch has been surveyed as well. This research may also help the experts and researchers collaborate better so as to create a better area to work on comprehensive rural studies.

After doing field and library researches for more than two decades, the present paper is written. First, it has been tried to find out certain documents so as to demonstrate the carpets knitted in Saljooghiyan Period and its peak and frequency Safaviyeh Period. It also shows that knitting this sort of carpet has continued in Malayer, Qom, Kashan, Esfahan, and esp. in Tabriz up to now. The historical and cultural origins of this flower arrangement have been investigated in this research. The various historical and naltural senses and secrets of these forms have also deen scientifically surveyed. Along with introducing the rugs of Valley, some knitting centers have been presented in order to encourage the future researchers to work on these types of carpet and rugs in collaboration with "Iran Carpet Museum".

In this research, it has been tried to survey the adolescence process in Arak City from an anthropological perspective. The major purpose of this research is to recognize the rate of the impact of cultural differences on the adolescence process. The adolescence process has been surveyed by psychologists, psychiatrists, biologists. and anthropologists. The anthropological approach toward adolescence is more based on the cultural originality school. The different feelings of the adolescence period such as anxiety, feer, etc. are closely related to the cultural attitude of the individual. In contrast with this viewpoint one may notice the biological determinism approach. In this attitude it is believed that the feelings in the adolescence period originate from the biochemical reaction inside the individual. Here both perspectives have been considered. Hence, The research findings demonstrate that the adolescence process is influenced by both the cultural phenomena and the biochemical factors, but the cultural elements are more effective.

The anthropology of objects and technology is a new area in anthropological studies. It has been studied in Europe and America in recent decades. It emphasizes on surveying the cultural developments of various materialistic elements. Their impacts on social organizations and social changes are also investigated. In this research, it has been tried to determine the fundamental relationships between the technical and social events in one of the rural regions in the Northern Iran. The various changes in technical instruments have caused basic changes in the other social aspects in this area.In this research, the ideas of the social and technological experts concerning the function of skills in social changes have been put forward. Then the agricultural techniques and herding skills as two major materialistic aspects have been discussed. This technical development has been classified in three groups, i.e. innovation, disappearance, and change. Andre Leroi-Gourhan's viewpoints concerning technological borrowing have been emphasized on so as to analyze these rural changes.

In this research, it has been tried to survey the change in the value system of the villager's clan in Fars Province. First, the theoretical foundations and elements of this process have been investigated and then the relationship between tradition and modernism on the basis of hybrid modernism, reconsideration, internationalism, etc. has been put forward. The methodological explanations have also been presented. The research subjects are interviewed. The data analysis is done through the qualitative research method. The research findings demonstrate that the values belonging to the local culture have not been eliminated. These traditional and local values have been combined with the modern ones and created a new combination called meta -culture.