With the propasal of venezuela, the Organization of Oil Exporting
Countries (OPEC) established in 1960. The members of OPEC at the initial
stage of establishment were: Iran, Suadi Arabia, Venezuela, Kuwait and Iraq.
When OPEC was stablished, 67% of the world"s oil reserves, 38% of
the world"s oil market and 90% of the world"s oil market was at its disposal. In
order to keep the oil market stable, from the early 1980"s, OPEC has
developed two strategies in the form of:
1. Protection of price
2. Protection of Market.
Price protection strategy means a kind of control in production
management. Making this strategical decision caused a loss of these
countries" share in the world"s oil market.
Market protection strategy resulted in a considerable decrease in oil
revenue (decrease in price) of producing countries, but finally, achieving a
greater share of market. In the last 20 years, OPEC has been following a
moderate strategy. Implementing this strategy providing a relative stability in
the revenue of oil producing countries of OPEC members, but on the other
hand has intensified instability in the world market.
In this paper, we try to consider the short and mid-term prespective of
the OPEC and the challenges it is now facing, and then the status of OPEC
in the world market and the role of it in supply security will be studies finally,
the Iran"s long-term guidlines and the OPEC general secretarietship will be
discussed.