ECONOMIC RESEARCH REVIEW
Year:2005 | Volume:5 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

In this paper we have analyzed some approaches about price systems. We have emphasized on dependency of every systems efficiency on its own conditions and assumptions. So if there are not all necessary conditions of a price system, it must be modified according to its own situation and then we must prepare its prerequisites to promote its efficiency. We can not, however, accept and apply a theory as absolute proposition in every time and everywhere, without considering its own conditions.

Increasing of the general level of the prices during the war is a common phenomenon all over the world. Due to its unfavorable impacts, governments try to control prices, impose price ceiling and use a system of rationing by issuing coupons and cards. In this paper, an attempt is made with the help of available seasonal data to test suppressed Inflation model in Irans economy. The result indicates that the system of price control during the imposed war of Iraq against Iran suitably well conform the theoretical hypothesis of the model. That system of price control has a significant impacts on economic variables in Irans economy.

This research first attempts to review the economic and financial literature relating to prudential supervision in the banking sector, and then goes on to analyze various efforts carried out by supervisory bodies around the globe, and finally examines research studies and other activities relevant to the subject of prudential supervision in the banking sector. The outcome of this attempt is the identification of a comprehensive set of indicators of the banking system soundness.Careful analysis of the collected data resulted into the identification and presentation of two sets of indicators of banking system soundness in Iran; a core set of indicators and an encouraged set of indicators.Analysis of the indicators included in the core set for each bank has resulted into the presentation of a relative ranking for the ten public bahks during each of the periods under consideration.

This article focuses on the effects of budget deficit and foreign exhange rate on current account Deficit of Irans foreign balance of payment for the period from 1338 to 1380.The hypotheses we have tested in the paper are as follows:1. The budget deficit has a positive effect on current account deficit.2. The exchange rate has a positive effect on current account deficit.For examining these hypotheses,Vector Error Correction Model and Least Square Model, were used. Fundamentally, VECM is a auto-regressive model with the cointegration particulars that considers long-run and short-run relations. The results of the models show that during 1338- 1380, the budget deficit and the exchange rate have had positive and statistically significant effects and, the oil revenues has had a negative effect on current account deficit in Irans foreign balance of payments.

In this paper, we attempt, by using the concept of dynamic changes of variables, to investigate the influences of establishing free trade conditions on the government's budget, which finally can be considered in the optimal control theory. To this end, first, the effects of choosing different trade strategies on economic Index including government budget, benefit and cost of improper strategies are reviewed.Then a macro economic model is proposed, which mostly relies on variables that play an important role to achieve the goal and is solved in a simultaneous system. In the next stage, the results of this system are used as a limitation of the optimal control theory, and final results are extracted through presenting different scenario's. Simultaneous use of fiscal and monetary instruments for controling and guidance of variables are an important and expected conclusion, so have been explained in detail.

The expansion of government interventions in economic & social circumstances, as well as increasing trend of its liabilities in favor of economic growth, price stability, employment and fair income redistribution, have faced government with a boom of expenditures. Tax revenues in developed countries are of substantial importance in financing government expenditures, while in developing countries such problems as dominance of inflationary structure in economy and inefficiency of tax systems have caused tax revenues to be a trivial percentage of GDP.In Iran, tax revenues, after oil revenues, are in the second place in government budget which persues three goals of optimal resource allocation, income redistribution, and economic stapility. Following what was mentioned above, in this survey, the long run and short run relations of tax revenues and macro variables, effective on the level of tax revenues (for the period 1338-80), have been examined by utilizing co-integration method.

The members of Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) alike other developing countries, in addition of being dependant on domestic taxes and savings, need to foreign resources to finance their economies. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the main ways of attaining of technology and possibility of persistence of economic growth in these countries. Although FDI has considerably grown in the world afterwards 1980s, however the share of Islamic countries from this process has not been important. In this paper, the factors affecting on FDI is considered; and FDI function for selected Islamic countries is estimated by using pooled time series and cross section data over the 1993-2002 period. Based on estimations, the paper concludes that attraction of FDI requires to direct governments of these countries towards reducing volume of external debt (indicator of foreign commitments), increasing the domestic investment in infrastructure and opening their economies to international trade.

The aim of current research is to determine the relation between dividend yield of Investment Companies and macro economic variables including: Export of non petroleum products, liquidity volume, importation and Consumer Price Index, and finally to make a contribution to draw and set up macroeconomic policy by using the results obtained from this research.The main question arising from this research is that:Do macro economic variables would have a significant effect on dividend yield of Investment Companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange?With regard to theories stated in the research and their results, we can conclude that non petroleum exportation and liquidity had a positive effect on dividend yield of Investment Companies and Consumer Price Index and importation had negative effect on dividend yield.

Generally, the share of expenditure of per commodity in the household budget indicates its importance in the combination of commodities (in the batch of commodity). ln this paper, almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is utilized for study the effective factors in the share of expenditure for buying a new car in urban household with application of irregular (undated) data during 1984-2001. The results show that the change in price of any group of commodities with the exception of consumer real expenditure and number of household, has no effect on the share of expenditure of car, and the result of elasticity shows that during studied period, car is a luxury goods and elastic and is a substitutional for edible and unedible groups of goods and also is complemental for housing sector.