JOURNAL OF RAFSANJAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH SERVICES
Year:2010 | Volume:9 | Issue:1 (34)|Papers Count:10

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have shown that morphine consumption during pregnancy may delay embryo development or cause abnormal nervous system function. This study focused on the effects of maternal morphine consumption on olfactory cortex development in Wistar rats. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 12 wistar rats (250-300g) were used. The experimental group received morphine solution (0.05 mg/ml) where as the control group received tap water. On the 19 th day the pregnant rats were killed by chloroform, and the embryos were removed surgically. The embryos were fixed in formalin 10% for 2 weeks. Then the weight of fixed embryos was calculated by a digital balance. In addition, animal sizes including Crump-Rump (C-R), Dorsal-Ventral (D-V), Frontal-Occipital (F-O), Abdominal Width, and Biparietal Axis length were measured by a caliper. Tissue processing, sectioning and staining (both hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and silver nitrate staining) were then applied for the embryos. The sections were examined for olfactory cortex development by light microscope. Results: Reductions in D-V lengths as well as embryonic weight was observed in the experimental group (p<0.01, p<0.05). On the microscopic view, a growth retardation was observed in all three olfactory cortex layers in the experimental group. In addition cell compression in cortex layers and neuronal process was also reduced in the experimental group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that oral morphine consumption during pregnancy causes defect in the development and growth retardation in olfactory cortex region. The study also showed that oral morphine consumption reduced both the weight and length of the embryos. These defects may be the cause of behavioral problems observed in the animals who have been born to addicted mothers.

Background and Objectives: Ovarian stimulation regimens usually include application of either urinary or recombinant gonadotropins. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different types of ovulation induction drugs, which were manufactured by different drug companies, and PMSG as an ovulation induction drug in laboratory animals.  Materials and Methods: Thirty, 8-week old, NMRI mice, were superovulated with 10 IU PMSG (I.P. injection) in the control group. hMG1, hMG2, uFSH and rFSH were used for the study group. Total number of oocytes, grade of maturity, and morphology were evaluated microscopically.  Results: The total number of retrieved oocytes was insignificant in the different groups, but the number of MII oocytes in hMG1 (15.83±7.88)was significantly higher than rFSH (6.16±3.60, p=0.04) and uFSH (5±3.28, p=0.02). Also, the number of degenerated oocytes in PMSG) 7±5.62 (was significantly higher than uFSH (0) group (p=0.01). Conclusion: The ovulation induction drugs from different companies had variable effects on the total number and maturity of the oocytes in mice. Administration of hMG1 showed the best results on the proportion and quantity of MII oocytes. Generally, rFSH did not show any advantages over other drugs.

Background and Objectives: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is one of the proteolytic enzymes that serves in the digestion of collagen and gelatin. A single cytosine to thymidine substitution in AP-1 site in the promoter causes over-expression in the thymidine allele. The aim of this study was the detection of thymidine base function on ducts and lobules cells of breast tissue for entering the cancer step. Materials and Methods: This research is a case-control study involving 90 breast cancer patients without metastasis to other tissues from Omid hospital between 2006-2008; and 100 healthy controls. Sample genotypes were detected by RFLP-PCR technique. At the end genotype of samples was detected by direct sequencing. Also the existence of tumor in ducts and, lobules cells of breast tissues in all the respondents was determined by mammography and expert physicians. Results: Comparison of the case and control groups showed T/T genotype and C/T genotype in 0% and 9% of the control groups, and 2.3% and 22.2% of the patients. Therefore, thymine nucleotide at AP-1 region of MMP-9 gene could be a facilitated factor for initiation of breast cancer, and could increase the risk of initiation and development of breast tumor (p=0.004), (CI=1.438-7.423; OR=3.27). Conclusions: The positive association between the thymine nucleotide at AP-1 site and creation of tumor in breast tissue can arise from enzyme protease activity and result in the digestion of growth factor inhibitors and release of these factors.

Background and Objectives: Vital signs, including breathing, heart beat or involuntary movement of voluntary muscles, during child birth show that the fetus is healthy. Fetal death or still birth is one of the most complicated issues in medical science. Several factors contribute to still birth which are divided into maternal, fetal and placental groups. The present study deals with placental factors. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sixty placenta were investigated out of which thirty belonged to mothers with healthy fetuses (comprising control group), and the rest belonged to mothers with dead fetuses (experimental group). Having prepared the slides of the placentae in serial section with a thickness of five micrometers, the researcher conducted a histopathological study on calcification, congestion, vasculitis, perivascular fibrosis, fibronoid necrosis, vascular thrombosis in villi arteries and the presence of Hofbauer cells in the placenta. T test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the calcification, thrombosis, vasculitis, perivascular fibrosis, fibronoid necrosis in the decidual tissues, congestion in villi arteries, presence of Hofbauer cells and accumulation of glycogen in th experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The present study establishes a significant correlation between fetal death and an increase in variables such as calcification, vascular thrombosis in villi, vasculitis, and necrosis in placenta.

Background and Objectives: The happiness and felicity of every person to a large extent is related to his/her communication with others. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of transactional analysis training on the parent's function of high school boy students in Rafsanjan in 2009. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 40 parents of high school boys who had acquired low scores from FAD1 questioner. The parents were randomly divided into two groups (control and an experimental group). The experimental group were trained under transactional training for 10 sessions, one and half hours each session for one week. Then the FAD test was performed for both groups. Manova and Variance analysis were used to analyze the data.  Results: The results of the study indicated that the mean of the functional scores of post test in the experimental group compared to the control group was statistically significant (134.7±9.87, 96.4±10.72) (p<0001). Also after the post test there was a statically significant difference between the parents function (role, express of affection, and problem solving) in the two groups (p<0001). The functional scores of the experimental group increased from 42.1, 39 and 15.9 to 57.9, 57.9 and 22.9 respectively. This indicates that transactional analysis training has improved the parents functions. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that transactional analysis training can be an effective method for an adult relationship and improve the weak relationships.

Background and Objectives: Leadership measurement in health care industry is essential in order to determine the situation, and also to improve and promote the leadership. The most frequently used international model in the world is Malcom Baldrige Model. Maximum score in this model is allocated to the leadership criterion. The aim of this study was leadership evaluation of emergency departments of General -Teaching Hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services based on Baldrige excellence model. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was implementd in the emergency departments of Rasoul Akram and Firouzgar hospitals. Data were collected and compared with the responses of the 2007 version of the questionnaire model. Leadership performance was evaluated with Approach, Deployment, Learning, and Integration. Results: The emergency department of Rasoul Akram hospital obtained 25 scores(20%), and Firouzgar hospital obtained 20 (16%) scores out of 120 in the leadership criterion. Conclusion: Leadership of emergency department of studied hospitals was in the primary levels of Excellency. As in the Baldrige model, scoring system is used for the continuing improvement, promotion and excellence in the organizations, the researchers suggest continuing improvement process evaluation, and self-assessment in the emergency departments.

Background and Objectives: Continuing education (CE) is accomplished for maintaining and promoting the levels of knowledge and skills of medical society. Therefore performance quality evaluation of this program is necessary to eliminate the possible imperfections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of performance and to determine suitable methods of teachings, and accomplishment of CE programs in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on all general practitioners (186) who participated in CE programs in 2008. The data was collected by a questionnaire containing demographic information along with 33 questions about the quality of performance and suitable methods of teaching according to 5-point Likert scale. Results: The response rate to the questionnaires was 87.1%. Mean of age and duration of medical practice were 37±8.9 and 8.4±8.2 years, respectively. Fifty eight point six percent of the respondents were male. Thirty point six percent of the participants had desired satisfactions from performance quality of program, and 69.4% had moderate satistaction. The three preferred teaching methods included lecture along with showing films, educational workshop, and lecture along with question and answer respectively. The three most preferred accomplishment methods were codified education, showing educational films and studing educational textbooks and scientific journals respectively. There was no significant difference between female and male general practitioners regarding the satisfaction, teaching and preference methods. Conclusion: The majority of general practitioners had moderate satisfaction with the quality of performance of CE programs in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the subjects of CE based on community health needs, new scientific themes and professional problem solving.

Background and Objectives: Trailing phenomena has been described as perceptual abnormality associated with hallucinogenic drugs and involuing the visual senses. In this disorder moving objects are seen as a series of discrete and continous images. More studies are needed for detecting the causes. Trailing phenomena has not been reportead in the other senses. Case Report: The patient was a 41 year old veteran with previous diagnosis of chronic post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), who was admitted to Kerman Shahid Beheshti hospital in 2008. He reported that following the cessation of drug use, his previous symptoms had excerberated. He experienced a specific type of trailing phenomena in which he believed that after touching the objects, and when he gets away from them, he still feels the objects in his hand. The patient under went the drug treatment and after three weeks he showed partial remition and was discharged after one month. Conclusion: The rare trailing phenomena besides the visual sense might involve other senses such as touch associated with dissociation, which is a mechanism for patients justifying some of the symptoms related to PTSD.