JOURNAL OF RAFSANJAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH SERVICES
Year:2019 | Volume:18 | Issue:8 |Papers Count:9

Background and Objectives: Sufficient sources of water with acceptable qualities are vital for human survival. Health development and environmental protection have been always depended on providing healthy water supplies. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiochemical status of drinking water sources in Asadabad city during 2011-2018. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study investigated 19 parameters of physicochemical quality of water taken from General Office of Water and Wastewater of Hamedan Province in 2011-2018 and 32 samples taken in 2018 from 8 underground water sources. Finally, the data were analyzed by descriptive statistical tests (compared with the national standards of Iran). Results: The results showed that the average pH was 8. 30± 0. 37, turbidity 0. 77± 0. 5 NTU, temperature 9. 12± 2. 20 C, electrical conductivity 418. 5± 307. 22 microseisms per cm, total soluble solids 236. 25± 174. 5 mg/l, total hardness 214. 12± 162. 13 mg/l calcium carbonate, total alkalinity 186. 63± 21. 77 mg/l calcium carbonate, nitrate 15. 66± 25. 85 mg/l, nitrite 0. 280± 0. 110 mg/l, fluorine 0. 53± 0. 22 mg/l, chlorine 36. 37± 85. 63 mg/l, sulfate 14. 5± 13. 49 mg/l, carbonate 2. 75± 18. 64 mg/L, bicarbonate 133. 25± 56. 58 mg/L, phosphate 0. 20± 0. 39 mg/L, sodium 0. 02± 0. 028 mg/l, manure 5. 5± 3. 74 mg/l, potassium 0. 0 mg/l, and iron 0. 072± 0. 14 mg/ml, which were consistent with the similar results of the past five years. Conclusion: According to the results, the water samples tested for physicochemical parameters were within the range of Iranian National Standard. However, some chemical parameters have increased in 2018 compared with the past years.

Background and Objectives: Self-medication is considered as the most common form of self-care, which can compromise the health of various people in the community, especially students who are in a more prone environment for taking medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of self-medication and the factors affecting it among students and peers in Boukan city in 2016. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 600 students and nonstudent peer group of Boukan city were selected using cluster sampling and simple random sampling and studied in 2016. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean and standard deviation of students' and peer group’ s age were 21. 41 ± 3. 10 and 23. 44± 3. 39 years (p=0. 122), respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of arbitrary use of drugs (p=0. 448). Also, the most commonly used drugs in the studied participants were Acetaminophen, Cold tablets and Antibiotics. The unnecessary need to see a doctor, having no time to visit health centers and not considering the disease important were reported as the most common causes of self-medication. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is a high degree of arbitrary use of drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop training and prevention programs to reduce this inappropriate behavior and to incorporate it in the future programs of the relevant organizations.

Background and Objectives: Few studies have been conducted on the physiological effects of sprint interval training (SIT) on athletes. The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of eight weeks of SIT on levels of lipocalin-2, lipid profile, body composition and some components of physical fitness of young female volleyball players. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, in Saghez city and in spring of 2018, eighteen 12-18 years young female volleyball players were randomly divided into two experiment (n=9) and control (n=9) groups. The experimental group, in addition to the routine volleyball exercises, performed the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) protocol for eight weeks (three sessions per week), and the control group performed only routine volleyball exercises. Body composition indices, levels of lipocalin-2, lipid profile, speed, power, aerobic power, and anaerobic power were measured before and after the training period. To analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurements test was used. Results: In the experiment group, eight weeks of SIT with RAST did not significantly change the levels of lipocalin-2, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, body weight, body fat percentage, body mass index, waisthip ratio, speed, and power (p>0. 05), but increased aerobic (p=0. 001) and anaerobic power (p=0. 001). Also, high density lipoprotein levels were decreased in the control group (p=0. 038). Conclusion: It appears that adding SIT with RAST to the routine volleyball training program helps to improve aerobic and anaerobic power and maintain levels of high-density lipoprotein in young female volleyball players.

Background and Objectives: Today, use of wastewater treatment systems in urban and rural areas is necessary to protect the health of communities, prevent water resources pollution and reuse of wastewater. Therefore, this study aimed to select the best wastewater treatment method for Meybod villages in Yazd based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in 2018 to compare four wastewater treatment methods including Wetland, stabilization pond, concrete extended aeration and pre-made extended aeration for wastewater treatment in the villages of Meybod city, Yazd. Data were collected by a researcher-designed questionnaire and the statistical population included 20 faculty members and experts. Finally, the processes were weighted according to technical, economic and environmental criteria and using paired t-test and analyzed by Expert Choice software. Results: Wetland method with weight of 0. 37 was the best option for the treatment of rural wastewater, and the stabilization pond, pre-made extended aeration and concrete extended aeration with weight of 0. 276, 0. 179 and 0. 175 were next in the rank, respectively. Also, the most important criteria for selecting the wastewater treatment method were environmental (56. 6%) and technical (23. 9%) criteria, respectively. Conclusions: According to the environmental, technical and economic criteria of the wastewater treatment methods in this study, Wetland method is the best technology for rural wastewater treatment of the studied villages.

Background and Objectives: Sleeping is an essential part of living and poor quality sleep can lead to a variety of physical and mental disorders. On the other hand, job stress is one of the main effective factors in reducing productivity in organizations and causing physical and mental complications in personnel. The aim of this study was to determine the job stress and its association with sleep quality among employees of Bid Boland Gas Refinery, Behbahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 180 employees of Behbahan Bid Boland Gas Refinery participated in 2017. The data were collected using the Osipow occupational stress questionnaire and Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean and standard deviation of job stress and sleep quality perceived by employees were 167. 27± 19. 66 and 10. 72± 2. 22, respectively. Furthermore, there was a positive significant correlation between these two indexes (p<0. 001). The regression model demonstrated that sleep quality was significantly associated with "role insufficiency" (β =0. 499, p<0. 001) and "role boundary" (β =0. 197, p=0. 035), the dimensions of Osipow job stress questionnaire. The model coefficient of determination indicated that 30. 6% of sleep quality index changes are specified by variables of role insufficiency and role boundary. Conclusion: The results showed that there was a significant correlation between job stress and sleep quality. Therefore, it is recommended to the gas refinery authorities to design and perform some plans for reducing job stress and sleep quality problems.

Background and Objectives: Suicide is one of the most important public health problems especially within youth population. Whilst Islam condemns suicide, suicide attempts among Muslim youths have been reported more than youths from other religions. Therefore, an international research project has been developed with the aim of determining nonfatal suicidal behavior in students within Muslim majority countries, including Iran. Since each effective evaluation tool such as questionnaire must be valid and reliable, the aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of these international research questionnaires in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences students in 2018. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 700 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The content validity of the questionnaires was quantitatively investigated using the content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR). Confirmatory factors analysis was used to determine the construct validity. Reliability was also evaluated by internal consistency method and calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The range of CVR for the second scale was 0. 09-1, for the third, fifth, and sixth scales were 0. 27-1 and for the fourth, eighth and ninth scales were 0. 45-1. The fitting of the estimated model was also proved based on the results of the confirmatory factor analysis. The range of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated between very well to acceptable. Conclusion: The results showed that the Persian version of the international proposal questionnaires on the study of nonfatal suicidal behavior had proper psychometric properties. Therefore, it can be used to determine the aspects of nonfatal suicidal behavior in Persian-speaking students.

Background and Objectives: Water contamination of baths causes gastrointestinal, skin and fungal diseases due to pathogens. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the microbial contamination of natural swimming places water in Behshahr. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive study was performed in three natural swimming places. Nine-tube fermentation method was used to determine the bacterial contamination of coliforms, and membrane filtration method was used to measure enterococci. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. Results: Total coliforms in 2 samples (22. 22 %) were undesirable and in 7 samples (77. 78 %) desirable; thermophilic coliforms in one sample (11. 11 %) were undesirable and in 8 samples (88. 89 %) desirable; and intestinal enterococci in one sample (11. 11%) were undesirable and in 8 samples (88. 89%) desirable. There was a significant relationship between total coliforms and fecal coliforms and total coliforms and intestinal enterococci (p = 0. 001). Conclusion: Totally, bacteriological contamination index was desirable in the investigated natural swimming places, but in a limited number of samples, the contamination indices were higher than the standard.

Background and Objectives: Accident is an important public health problem around the world. The aim of this research was to study the determinants of road accidents in Ahar-Tabriz in 2017. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in three stages of documentation, data collection via interviews with the high way police and analysis of 971 accidents recorded by chi-square test in 2017. Results: The highest accidents occurred in summer (30. 9%), road (77. 8%), day (65. 5%), sunny weather (77. 4%), riding (69. 8%), and men ages from 35 to 44 years with 33% leading to injury and death. In addition, there was a significant statistical relationship between the main causes of road accidents and independent variables (except using helmet) (p<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the higher percentage of accidents due to inability to control the vehicle, it is suggested that guidelines be taken by the relevant authorities in the field of proper driving instruction and road and vehicle safety.