MODARRES HUMAN SCIENCES
Year:2001 | Volume:5 | Issue:6(Tome 23)|Papers Count:11

Argishti, son of Rusa, is one of the famous Urartian kings who has left a number of inscriptions including his rock and stele inscriptions. Of his carved-stone and other inscriptions,we can name Hayavank in Van, Karmir- Blur near Erivan, Hagi and Djelabi Baghi in and near Ardjish an old city to the north of Van Leke, and three other expedition Rock- Inscriptions by the name of Razliq, Nashteban near Sarab and the newly found Shishe Rock- Inscription by Ali- Reza Nobari in 1377 (HS) in East Azarbaijan near the city of Ahar which is discussed hereunder.

The principles and conventions introduced by a literary school are studied and used as rules and principles by its followers and practioners. But it sometimes happens that the absence of conventions and principles establishes the foundation of a literary school. The "New Novel" in French literature isjust an example of such a school. It is the concern of this study to examine, at first, the formation and development of the Ne.w Novel", then to study the characteristics, and finally to view the destiny of this literary genre and its influence on the contemporary French literature.

In examining the sense of predicate we can fmd three import;anttheses in Freges theory: 1.The mode of presentation of referent is contained in the sense of an expression. So, the sense of predicate consists of the mode of presentation of concept as its referent. 2.The sense of predicate is unsaturated. 3.The sense of predicate is part ofthe sense ofthe sentence in which it occurs. In surveying the most important commentarieson the sense of predicate in Freges theory, it was found out that each commentary violates at least one of the above theses. Also, Dummett and Klement give special commentary on unsaturatedness of the sense of predicate, both of interpretations which are inconsistent with The appearence of Ferges theses. It seems, in general, that a proper explanation which will be consistent with all the three theses cannot be given.

This paper will look at some of the Quran, dua and hadith texts of great popularity for inscriptions, their location and definition in the Timurid and Safavid periods. From the earliest times the written word has been used as an important, and sometimes the sole form of mosque and religious objects decoration with a complete absence of figural decoration. In Islam the Quran, literal word of God, has always been used by the Muslim artists for inscriptions in mosques, madrases and holy places such as Imamzadeh, Khanqak Beside using the Quran texts for inscription, the Muslim artists used dua and hadith inscriptionswhich in this paper has been studied. Apart from the beauty of these spiritual texts, the attractive inscriptions which could be found on every side of the mosque help the man to feel the Divine Presence and be attending by the effusion of the elegance emerging from the Spirit. So these selected verses were meant to encourage Muslim peoples minds to consider the praise of God only. But still this question has not been answer that by whom and how these specified verses of Quran, dua and hadith have been selected and why artists decorated and filled the religious places with these sort of writings. The discussion which follows will consider this matter and three branches of religious inscriptions including: the Quran, dua and hadith inscriptions.

Aspect is a concept which is presented as an independent category in certain languages. What we mean by aspect is what shows different stages of an action or its procedure. But, this concept is realized in every other language by different elements such as: verb tenses, some affixes implicating duration or repeatition, light verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions and some aspectual expressions implicating beginning, duration or end of an action. The present article is trying to draw a distinction between different kinds of aspects. This research seeks to show why there are so many terminological problems in this domatn. We try, also, to study the function of "aspect" in modern Persian language

The study of different exegeses of the Holly Quran shows that there is no unity ofmening exegesis for all Quranic Verses (Ayaat)among interpreters. The interpreters of the Divine Book, interpreted it to the state of their knowledge of exegesis Science and needed science for it and undrestanding the meaning of words and also their viewes and schools. The cause of this differences can be summrized in the following way: The existence of different recitations; the difference in the vowelling of words; the existence of more than one meaning for one word; probability the absolute or bounded for an Ayah to be; an ajah (verse) being general or particalar; the existence of truth of metaphor in word pronounciation; the presence of apparent or hidden pronoun in word pronouciation which can be interpreted in more than one way; the difference of viwe in an ayah(verse) being abrogated or not; the existence of ambiguous and unambiguosus ayah(verse), and undrestanding of Prophet companion from the Prophets explanations abaut Ayaat (verses). In this paper these mentioned causes are discused with their examples.

From the time of Kant to the present day, a great many attempts has been made by religious thinkers to prove the Gods existence through ethics, In their veiw Hume and Kant rigidly criticized the theoretical reasons of the Gids existence. Hume did not rendered any alternative reason, and insofar as the theoretical reasoning is conceamed, Kant rendered none either. But, he believed that we can prove the existenece of God through Ethics. First we state breifly the different moral arguments, then focus our attention on the strongest of these, namely Kants. In this articale we state three pitfalls of Kants moral argument: First, that Kants argument brings about difficulties for human freedom; second, that it depends on controversial aspects of Kants own moral theory which mill be shaky with any criticism aiming at it; and finally that the view of moral development presupposed in the argument is inconsistent with Kants metaphysical doctrines regarding the nature of time

Several logical system have been developed since 1926,that is less than one century, to analyze normative concepts and arguments that involve them. As soon as these systems appeared they encountered, some paradoxes. These paradoxes forced logicians to amend the systems to resolve the paradoxes. Logicians efforts resulted in rendering at first the standard system of de.ontic logic (SDL) and then dyadic deontic logic. Discussion about this subject still continues and logicians want to build systems that can represent normative concepts and logical arguments that involve them, as more and as accurate as possible.

The theory of "hypothetical attributive syllogism" is a theory devised by "Avicenna", the most famous Iranian logician. Based on this theory: 1. Negative and affirmative quality (or Copula), universal and particular quantity (or quantifier) both applied in the structure of cate:;orical and hypothetical propositions 2. A coherent deductive conditional syllogism can be devised based on this hypothetical proposition In this paper, the auther, after critical anlysing the N. Reschers logical formulation about Avicennas theory, has attempted to devise a new symbolic formulation based on modern temporal logic and to show extending and developing way of this formulation in various moods of hypothetical syllogism.

Doshechka in Russian means "darling". In This story Chekhov has a satirical look to the personality of Olga Simiyonova,presented his main character who is called doshechka because of her good temper and her appealing personality. Apparently the name Doshechka has been used in a satirical way. "Doshechka" by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is one of the stories that has been analysed, and also many critics have different viewpoints about the heroine of this story. Olga, a woman with an unstable beliefs, without any true will power, who at the first signs of change in life, also changes her ideas and feelings. But another group of critics disagree with the first group and say that because of her nature as a woman, Olga is a kind and considerate person, and possesses all the good characteristics of a woman. They believe, Olga is a woman who only lives for others.Tolstoy, the distinguished literary figure, is one of the critics of the second group. In this article the story of "Doshechka" story and Tolstoys viewpoints regarding 1no it is surveyed.