Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:16 | Issue:7 |Papers Count:9

Background and Objectives: Diazinon is one of the organophosphorus poisons that is widely used as insecticide and causes male infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of broccoli hydroalcholic extract on the changes of the cells of testicular tissue and the control of oxidative stress by diazinon.Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 gr were used. The control group receivied no treatment and the T1 group recievied the peritoneal administration of 30 mg/kg b.w diazinon and the other experimental groups (T2, T3, and T4) received diazonin as well as broccoli extract at dosage of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w, respectively for 28 days. At the end of the study, the animals were weighed and euthanized. The right testicle was used for histological study and the left testis for measuring malondialdehyde. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.Results: The lowest mean of body weight was 279.763±11.899 gr in the T1 group and the highest was 311.831±8.976 gr in the T4 group andit was observed a statistically significant difference (P=0.038). The number of the sertoli, spermatogonia, spermatocyt, and spermatides cells were 28.751±1.544, 60.501±4.828, 202.503±11.677, and 184.120±19.593, respectively in the T4 group. The highest number avarage was in the T4 group and the lowest in the T1 group (P=0.040). The highiest malondialdehyde concentration was 3.805 ± 0.017 in the T1 group and the lowest was 2.204 ± 0.056 μmol/ ml in the T4 group, which was significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Broccoli extract at dosage of 300 mg/kg b.w has a positive effect on the spermatogenesis damage caused by diazinon in male rats.

Background and Objectives: Aquatic ecosystems, especially rivers that pass through densely populated residential areas are utilized more than any other resource for a variety of uses and can have great effects on environment and human health. Karaj River in Alborz province is one of the largest aquatic ecosystems along which three important treatment plants are established.Materials and Methods: Since long-term toxicity and retention are main features of pharmaceutical contaminants in the aquatic environment, present research aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory drugs, concentrations of naproxen, diclofenac, and celecoxib in Karaj River with samples from 14 sites along the river, 6 stations, and the wastewater treatment plants. After preparation and filtration of samples, the concentrations of drugs were measured by HPLC.Results: The results showed that the average concentrations of drugs in the Karaj river water were as follow: 0.409 mg/l naproxen, 0.091 mg/l celecoxib, and 0.034 mg/l diclofenac. In the wastewater treatment plant and its sewer, the drugs concentrations were 0.774 and 0.566 mg/l naproxen, 0.260 and 0.171 mg/l celecoxib, and 0.082 and 0.064 mg/l diclofenac, respectively.Conclusion: Their reducing trend can be found in sewer, wastewater, and water with the highest concentration of naproxen and lowest concentration of diclofenac. The correlation between the pollutants in different samples may indicate inefficiency of the treatment plants and retention of the pollutants that are discharged into the river through the wastewater. For this, in order to protect environment it is essential to use effective methods of treatment.

Background and Objectives: Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can occur within a year after delivery and influence the mother and even the baby. Because antidepressant medications have numerous side effects, they should be used cautiously especially in nursing mothers. Vitamin B6 is involved in the synthesis of several neurotransmitters and also no side effects have been reported for its use. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin B6 on postpartum depression in female mice models.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, some adult female NMARI mice (25-30 gr) were divided into 7 groups (n=8) including the control, sham (receiving solvent), untreated depressed group (only receiving progesterone), and four depressed groups of which three were treated with a dose of vitamin B6 (25, 50, and 100 The mice getting 5 mg/kg/bw progesterone for 5 days were intraperitoneally mg/kg/bw) and one was treated for 8 days with a dose of 25 mg/kg/bw vitamin B6. The mice getting 5 mg/kg/bw of progesterone for 5 days were intraperitoneally (ip) depressed. The control group did not receive any drug or solvent. Depression was assessed using the forced swim test on the eighth day. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD (least significant difference) post hoc test.Results: Vitamin B6 prescribed in single doses of 50 and 100 (mg/kg/bw) (P<0.001), and also in a dose of 25 (mg/kg/bw) for 8 days (P=0.016) caused a significant reduction in the immobilization time in the depressed mice which had undergone the forced swim test, compared to the untreated depressed mice.Conclusion: Prescription of progesterone promoted immobilization-induced depression in the mice. Vitamin B6 reduced the time of immobility in the forced swimming test. These findings can be used to show the effects of vitamin B6 in the reduction of postpartum depression.

Background and Objectives: The advancement of nanotechnology has made it more important to study the destructive effects of nano-materials on organisms. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles can enter the body in different ways and cause damage to the liver and other organs of the body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on some liver enzymes and tissue in male rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 70 adult male mice were divided into ten groups including one control and nine experimental groups. The mice in the experimental groups orally received zinc oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles with doses of 50, 100, and 300 mg/kg. The experiment lasted for 14 days, then on the fifteenth day, blood samples were collected. Liver tissues and some liver enzymes (Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, and Aspartate aminotransferase) were analayzed. The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Duncan post hoc test with respect to normal distribution.Results: The results showed that zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 300 mg / kg, and the combination of these two nanoparticles at concentrations of 50, 100, and 300 mg caused a significant change in the activity of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase) that was more than the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles at different doses may increase serum levels of enzymes due to liver degeneration and increased leakage of liver enzymes. However, further studies are proposed to predict the effects of this substance and to safely use these nanoparticles.

Background and Objectives: Noise pollution in cities, as a widespread and worldwide problem, can cause adverse health effects such as hearing loss. Traffic noise, as the most important source of urban noise, can influence many jobsincluding shopkeepers. The aim of this study was simultaneous assessment of traffic noise pollution and hearing threshold level of shopkeepers in congested area of Behbahan in 2014.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in two phases (the first phase: noise measurement and frequencies analysis in 16 high traffic squares and streets in Behbahan and the second phase: the measurement of hearing threshold of 44 male shopkeepers exposed to traffic noise) in 2014. Data analysis was performed by SPSS16 software using one-way ANOVA, one-samples t-test, and independent-samples t-test.Results: Noise equivalent level at all measurement stations and hours was higher than the noise allowable limits in commercial-residential areas. Maximum of sound pressure level and maximum of hearing loss in right and left ears of shopkeepers was related to the frequency of 125 Hz. The results of this study showed that 15.9%, 13.6% and 11.4% of subjects had hearing loss in right ear, left ear, and both ears, respectively.Conclusion: The findings of this study show that noise pollution is high in Behbahan and considering the traffic noise is low frequency, maximum of hearing loss occurred at the frequency of 125 Hz.

Background and Objectives: Prestigious journals are the most important tool for the transfer of scientific information, Physiology is the science of living organisms and medical physiology is the most important branche of physiology. The first step for publishing a paper is identifying specialized journals. Considering the importance of the point, the present study aimed to introduce the most prestigious journals in medical physiology for the first time.Materials and Methods: Present descriptive study was conducted in 2016 at the Medical faculty of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Medical physiology Journals were surveyed in the Scientific Journal Rankings.For this purpose, medicine word in the "Subject Area" and physiology (Medical) word in the "Subject Category" were searched. The journals list extracted from SJR, contained 97 titles. After reviewing the journals titles, 26 journals contained physiology term in their titles. In addition, 17th related physiology journals were also studied.Study information included: name of the journal, country presented the journal, publisher, subject of coverage, important journal indexing, date of publication, Hirsch index, duration of publishing, and impact factor.Conclusion: Physiology journals publish articles in both general and specific areas. Usually research articles are published in the all, while the review articles arepublished in the journals which mention “reviews” in their titles.

Background and Objectives: Health information plays an important role related to increasing people’s health level in today's societies and can provide appropriate condition for developing health policy and system of different countries. This study aimed to determine the health information needs and health information seeking ways among the users of Mazandaran public libraries.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study. Statistical populations included 384 users of Mazandaran public libraries in 2016. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collectdata and data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis none-parametric tests.Results: The findings showed that the information related to "access to healthy life" and "Non-communicable infectious diseases" were identified as the most important health information needs by the average of 4.11 and 4.04, respectively. Also, 28.1% of people (103) mentioned that they highlyneed to receive information throughout the day and they also stated that doctors and TV are the most important ways to access health information (348 users, 94.8% and 326 user, 88.8%, respectively).Conclusion: Users saythat public libraries play a great role in having access to health information resources.Public libraries also can be effective in obviating ing health information needs of all people in the society and helping them to improve their health information.

Background and Objectives: Outsourcing is one of the strategic concepts for improving the quality of service and reducing costs, especially in the units of profitability such as pharmacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the status before and after the outsourced pharmacies in the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, conducted from the perspective of the public sector in 2014, 9 final indicators were extracted using previous studies and Delphi technique to examine the status of outsourcing. All outsourced pharmacies, including 5 pharmacies during the period of 2008-2010 were considered for economic indicators, access to services, and quality indicators. The results were reported as descriptive statistics (number and percentage).Results: After outsourcing, in all pharmacies except for one, the losses for the public sector declined and the amount of profits and the number of personnel increased. The number of clients increased after outsourcing for all units. Also, the average levelsof patients’ satisfaction and employer’s satisfaction from contractor were 73.2% and 60%, respectively.Conclusion: According to the results, outsourcing health services for leased pharmacies has been an effective successful strategy, so that most of the units have been associated with increased profits and improved access indicators. It is recommended that the health system managers and policymakers consider the outsourcing mechanism as a corrective strategy in the health system.