Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:15 | Issue:10|Papers Count:12

Background and Objective: Leishmaniasis is one of the most important vector-borne zoonosis that transmits to human by sand fly species. The current study was carried out to identify sand fly species in Zirkooh, Khorasan-e-Jonobi Province. It was also aimed to determine Leishmania species in infected sand flies by RFLP-PCR method.Materials and methods:Sand fly specimens were collected by using sticky traps and mechanical aspirator from different parts of Zirkooh city during summer 2015. Captured females were first mounted and then were identified at species level. DNA of the parasite was isolated using extraction kit. The gene ITS-1 was amplified using the parasite specific primers and then RFLP-PCR method was used to identify them.Results: In this study, a total of 460 specimens were collected, of which 380 sand flies collected from animal facilities and 80 sand flies from residential areas. The most prevalent species، out of 110 females in total, was Phlebotomus sergenti (59.42%) and the second most prevalent was Sergentomyia sintoni (7.25%). Among the examined sandflies, only one specimen belonged to Phlebotomu sergenti was infected with Leishmania tropica; identified by RFLP-PCR.Conclusion: Considering the presence of Ph. Sergenti, as the dominant species in the region, which is component of disease vectors of the urban type of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the presence of Leishmania tropica in the region, the city's health system must take a necessary action for controlling cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Background and Objective: Spiritual self-care is defined as a set of exercises based on spirituality to promote healing in times of sickness and health. Patients' perception of the role of spiritual self-care can lead to chronic disease management. Life expectancy is an important criterion to reflect the mortality impact on longevity and disease in a population. Studies have shown that patients’ need to spirituality is important in the presence of life-threatening diseases; accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of spiritual self-care group therapy on life expectancy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Materials and Methods: This study is an educational trial which was conducted on 111 patients with CAD, discharged from the intensive care unit of Ali-Ibn-Abitalib hospital in Rafsanjan in 2015. Samples were randomly allocated to two groups including an intervention and a control group. Spirituality workshop sessions (three sessions of one and a half hours one day per week) were administered for intervention group. Miller’s life expectancy questionnaire was completed by both groups before and after study. Data were analyzed using independent t test، paired t test, and chi-square test.Results: The results showed that the mean life expectancy a week after the intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (176.76+43.38 vs. 159.50+41.87, p=0.035). Moreover, mean score of life expectancy (after intervention) had significantly increased in the intervention group compared to before intervention (the mean and standard deviationof changes were 13.35±14.07, p<0.001).Conclusion: Given the positive effect of spiritual self-care on patients life expectancy in the present study, nurses are recommended to pay attention to spiritual dimensions of patients and include it in their routine care.

Background and Objective: In recent years, wastewater textile treatment is of special importance due to the potential toxicity, cancer activity, and mutagens. The purpose of this study was evaluation of the removal of Remazol Black B (RBB) dyes from aqueous solution by chitosan.Materials and Methods: This laboratory study carried out on synthetic wastewater to assess the effect of factors such as pH (4-10), contact time (2-186 min), adsorbent dosage (0.25-1 g/L) and dye concentration (30-60 mg/L) on the removal of RBB Finally, Excel 2007 and ISOFIT (ISOtherm FItting Tool) software were used to analyze data and adsorption isotherm data, respectively.Results: The results showed that dye removal efficiency decreased with increasing pH, so that the maximum amount of dye removal (83%) was obtained in pH=4. Increasing the contact time of 2 to 66 minutes, dye removal efficiency with initial concentration 30 mg/L from 43% to 85% increases and then reaches an approximate constant value. Our results showed that by increasing the adsorbent dosage, removal efficiency increases and by increasing concentration dye, removal efficiency decreases. Adsorption isotherm data showed that the results of this study match better with GLF (Generalized Langmuir-Freundlich) model.Conclusion: According to the results, chitosan can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of RBB dye in the textile industry wastewater or water contaminated with the dye.

Background and Objective: Unfair and inefficient payment system leads to problems such as employee dissatisfaction, bsenteeism, turnover, strikes and complaints, reducing the awarded organizations or other organizational problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the personnel`s views about implementation of performance based payment in hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted on 424 personnel affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2015. A research made questionnaire was applied as a research instrument that its validity and reliability was confirmed by expert confirmation and Cronbach index (α=0.95), respectively. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and one sample t-test.Results: The average score of nurses’ opinions in performance based payment was 3.52+1.28, personnel of hospital pharmacy 3.55+1.57, laboratory staffs 3.68+1.25, radiology staffs 3.41+1.11, and rehabilitation ward 3.32+0.90. This viewpoint average score had significant relationship with the employment status (p= 0.027). The results of Pearson’s correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship among the scores of all aspects of the questionnaire together (p<0.001). Also a significant relationship was observed between the mean score of these aspects with the fixed score of 3 as the average level (p<0.001).Conclusion: The personnel`s viewpoints about performance based payment were above moderate. It seems that it is needed managers and policy makers to try to improve the payment method in order to increase personnel`s incentives.

Background and Objective: Urinary incontinence is a physical disability that is associated with the social isolation and leads to anxiety, depression and low self-confidence. Due to the needs of women clinics to valid and reliable tools to diagnose urinary incontinence, this study was done with the aim of psychometric properties of the questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis of married women of Iran.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was done with the aim of assesseing the psychometric properties of the questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis of married women. In this study، first the questionnaire was translated from English to Persian by the forward- backward method. The Persian final version of the questionnaire was completed by the 150 women at the clinics in Qom city. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test- retest were ussed to assess the scale’s reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess construct validity.Results: Exploratory factor analysis, suggested two factors that include stress incontinenceand urinary urgency each with three items. Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test that was calculated 0.81, showed adequacy of the sample size which had an acceptable level and Bartlett's sphericity test was statistically significant (P<0.001). Fit statistics confirmatory factor analysis suggested that two- factor model provided the best fit to the data. Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient was 0.89 and intra-class correlation 0.86.Conclusion: Questionnaire of urinary incontinence in women is reliable and valid and we can use this tool in Iran.

Background and Objective :Radiographic examination has an important role in diagnosis and treatment of periodontal patients, so this study was performed to determine the accuracy of digital bite wing (CMOS) radiography in alveolar bone resorption.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 61 teeth of 16 periodontal patients referred to the periodontoloy department of Rafsanjan Faculty of Dentistry. The patients were selected using available sampling. The patients were examined by a periodontist and the distance of Cemento Enamel Junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest, after injection if needed, was measured by William’s periodontal probe with accuracy of 1 mm, in mesial and distal surfaces of the premolars and first molars. Then digital bite wing radiography was taken from the patients and the mentioned distance was determined by CMOS linear software analysis program by an oral radiologist. Data were analyzed using paired t- test and simple linear regression.The results showed that the mean of alveolar bone resorption (mm) in CMOS radiography is significantly less than clinical examination (p<0.001). By simple linear regression model, the mean of alveolar bone resorption (mm) in clinical examinatio, is predictable from the amount of alveolar bone resorption on CMOS radiography with accuracy of more than 99%.Digital bite wing radiography (CMOS) measures the mean of interproximal alveolar bone resorption in posterior teeth less than clinical examination, but regarding the high accuracy of CMOS radiography measures (more than 99%) in predicting probe depth, it might be possible to apply this radiography in detecting the interdental alveolar bone loss of posterior teeth.

Background and Objective: Interventional clinical trial is the study in which the participants are simultaneously placed in the intervention and control groups to investigate the cause- effect relationship between an intervention and an outcome. Because of the probability of some bias in human intervention, non-standard clinical trials design produce unreal interventional results. For standardizing the clinical trials, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was presented that is a guideline including the design, implementation and reporting of the results. CONSORT statement includes a flowchart and a Flow Diagram. CONSORT statement has a 25-item list that describes how to write a title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, registration, and access study protocol and sources of research funding. In the Flow Diagram of CONSORT, the way to access the participants, along the study, is taken into consideration. Of the importance of clinical trials on new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, present study was conducted to survey and evaluate the performance of CONSORT statement.

Background and Objective: Parasitic diseases are considered as the most prevalent problems in developing countries. Oral- fecal route way and consuming raw vegetables are one of the most important ways of contamination of gastrointestinal system with parasites. Present study aimed to explore the level of vegetables contamination with parasitic factors.Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 200 samples were collected of vegetable stores from March to September in Ilam County and examined through precipitation method and by centrifuge in terms of parasitical contamination. In order to analyze data, software SPSS was applied.Results: The obtained results indicated that there was at least one parasitic contamination among 122(61%) samples out of total number. The highest parasitic contamination was attributed to Giardia cysts.Conclusion: Comparing percentage of contamination of vegetable in Ilam County to the results from previous studies in different cities showed high number of contamination of consuming vegetables in this region.