JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2004 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (21)|Papers Count:17

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) play an important role as an alternative to mammalian polyclonal antibodies. They are recently used in medical research for prophylaxies, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Anti-IgY antibodies are used for immunoassay and therapy. The aim of this study was preparation and purification of anti-immunoglobulin Y antibodies from rabbit serum and confirm of its activity. METHODS: IgY and other water-soluble proteins were extracted with acid and chloroform and then thiophilic chromatography (T-gel) was performed and applied for purification of IgY. Two female rabbits were immunized with IgY in Freuds adjuvant and then booster doses were administered, blood samples were collected by times. Ammonium sulfate precipitation, then gel filteration or T-gel chromatography used for purification of Anti-IgY antibodies. Cellulose acctate eletrophoresis, double immunodifusion and ELISA procedures used for confirm of identification and activity. FINDINGS: The purified protein (IgY) was observed in the γ-globulin region of electrophoresis. The purified antibodies from rabbit serum were observed in the γ-globulin region, which reacted against IgY in double immunodiffusion and the titer of purified antibody using ELISA, 1.10000 obtained.CONCLUSION: These antibodies serve as the basis of many immunoassays for detection and assay of several molecules as anti-immunoglobulin Y reagents

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is a complex interaction between corticosteroids and opioid system receptors. This study was designed to investigate the interaction between the effect of Dexamethasone (DEX) and morphine in opioid physical dependence in rat.METHODS: In present study, 63 male wistar rats weighing 200-250 gr were selected. Rats were made dependent by injecting cumulative doses of morphine (40-120 mg/kg/sc) twice daily for six days. For evaluation of DEX effects and involved receptors, DEX was injected 1 hr prior of morphine with or without one of steroid receptors antagonists (RU 38486, selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist and spironolactone, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist). The withdrawal syndrome precipitated by injection of naloxone (2 mg/kg) was induced as an indicator of morphine dependency. These behavioral parameters (jumping, wet-dog shake, weight loss and diarrhea) were surveyed. Additionally, plasma corticosterone (PCs) has been used as another indicator of morphine dependency. FINDINGS: This study showed that DEX could decrease the withdrawal signs (17% weight loss, 51% jumping, 28% wet-dog shake and 44% diarrhea [p< 0.05]) after naloxone. Pretreatment with spironolactone and RU38486 induced variations in morphine withdrawal signs. Also, co-administration of these antagonists with DEX and morphine induced modifications in withdrawal signs. Inhibition of steroid receptors could increase of PCs and co-administration of these antagonists with DEX and morphine significantly reduced PCs compared with control groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: As the results, it could be suggested that pretreatment with DEX can decrease the level of morphine physical dependency.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Increase in blood flow and tissue temperature is one of the purposes in physical therapy. Recently electrical stimulation has been applied for this situation. This study was performed to compare the effect of two frequencies (15&75 Hz) of HVPC on blood change in upper extremity of normal subjects. METHODS: This study was performed on 30 subjects (13 males & 17 females) with age range between 21-33 years (min 24.57±3.46). High voltage pulsed current (HVPC) was applied in cervical area (C7) and skin temperature was recorded pre/during and post stimulation. Statistical methods including F test, Duncans new multiple test and Fisher exact test were used for data analysis.FINDINGS: The results showed that both frequencies of HVPC (15&75 Hz) increase the skin temperature. In comparison to skin temperature in 75 Hz current was slightly higher (0.3°c) than 15Hz. The difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: After application of HVPC (340 volt) with two frequencies (15&75 Hz) vasodilatation occurs, circulation was improved and increased skin temperature.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, which its usage is increasing owing to produce a general state of post operative well being, antiemetic effect, rapid onset and recovery. This study was done to compare the effect of halothane and propofol on blood pressure and heart rate in maintenance of anesthesia. METHODS: One hundred patients in ASA class I and II (American Society of Anesthesiologists) 16-60 years old were randomly divided into two groups. Halothane and propofol with continuous IV infusion were used for maintenance of anesthesia in group 1 and 2, respectively. Hemodynamic changes were measured after premedication, 1 minute after intubation and then every 5 minutes but it was recorded to 30 minutes after beginning and end of surgery. In the end of surgery, the patients were taken to recovery room and observed for evaluating nausea and vomiting for one hour and duration of recovery was compared on the basis of visual and verbal response. FINDINGS: Systolic blood pressure during maintenance of anaesthesia was similar in two groups, but systolic blood pressure changes (0.037) and heart rate (p=0.009) were different in both groups. Relative frequency of nausea and vomiting was one in propofol group and four in halothane group. First and second recovery time in propofol group were 9.60, 10.52 min and in halothane group were 20.20, 22.90 min, respectively that there was a significant difference between them (p=0.000).CONCLUSION: With regard to cardiovascular changes in maintenance of anesthesia with propofol, halothane and recovery time, propofol is a better choice in cases that rapid recovery time is need or inhalational drug usage is contraindicated.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Renal osteodystrophy is one of the most important complications of ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease). Prescription of calcium, low phosphate diet and rocaltrol are essential in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of renal osteodystrophy and secondary hyperparathyroidism in ESRD patients were covered by Semnan- Fatemieh hemodialysis center and detect the oral rocaltrol pulse response on secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy in some of these patients. METHODS: In first step, 31 patients with ESRD checked for serum calcium (Ca2+), phosphorous (p), alkaline phosphatase and iPTH (IRMA) and bone deformity in bone x-ray from 2000-2001. In second step, 12 patients were categorized in three groups according to iPTH level and treated with 1,2, 4 microgram oral-rocaltrol pulse, three times a week for 6 months, respectively. Then Ca2+, P, alkaline phosphatase, iPTH levels and bone graphy compared with before treatment results. FINDINGS: From 31 patients with age average 52±17.7 and hemodialysis duration average 36±22.3 months, 3.5 percent had Ca2+ level equal or higher than 10.4 mg/dl, 77.3 percent had P level equal or higher than 4.5 mg/dl, 80.6 percent had iPTH level higher than 120 pg/ml and 72.4 percent had alkaline phosphatase level higher than 175 Iu/l. No meaningful correlation observed between hemodialysis duration with serum Ca2+, P and alkaline phosphatase level. In 12 patients treated with oral rocaltrol pulse, meaningful differences observed only between serum iPTH level before and after treatment (p<0.003). CONCLUSION: In most studied patients, serum P and iPTH level was extremely high that suggest poor control of P and hyperparathyroidism. Oral rocaltrol pulse prescription for 6 months decreased iPTH level but had no effect on Ca2+, P and alkaline phosphatase.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology is an important widely used clinical procedure to diagnosis of lung diseases. Since histologic examination of bronchial biopsy is definite method in diagnosis of malignancy, this study was done to evaluate sensitivity and specifity of BAL cytology in comparison with bronchial biopsy. METHODS: To determine its value in diagnosis of lung cancer, it was reviewed 348 samples (BAL cytology combined with bronchial biopsy) from 331 patients over a period of 12 years, in pathology department of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Babol. FINDINGS: One hundred and fourteen malignant cases were isolated from 331 patients. Of these cases, 57 were determined by both methods, 39 cases in biopsy samples alone, and 18 cases only by BAL cytology. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity and specifity for BAL cytology were 60% and 92%, respectively that is valuable and reproducible in comparison with the other studies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Determination and modification of cardiac risk factors with early detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) have important role in control of mortality and morbidity in the world. It is necessary to increase the knowledge and attitude of people for better practice and decrease in morbidity and mortality of cardiac disease. This investigation was done to determine the KAP study of people living in Babol (as one of the large cities in North of Iran) for CAD.METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was performed on 1500 persons aged 20-70 years old in Babol. Data were gathered by a questionnaire with 32 questions in five different regions of the city and then the results were statistically analyzed.FINDINGS: From all cases, 58.6% were male and 41.4% were female. About symptoms of CAD: 62.7% and 4.2% had poor and good knowledge, respectively. 27.9% and 36% had poor and good attitude, 37.7% and 14.6% had poor and good practice, respectively. About risk factors of CAD: 65.3% and 0.9% had poor and good knowledge, 43.5% and 6.5% had poor and good attitude, 53.7% and 0.9% had poor and good practice, respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, people of Babol city have poor knowledge, moderate attitude and poor to moderate practice about symptoms of coronary artery disease and its risk factors. Planning for increasing KAP for prevention of CAD is necessary.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis D virus is a defective RNA containing virus that only infects human in the presence of HBV either as a coinfection or as superinfection in HBV carriers. Hepatitis D may accelerate the progress of chronic HBV infection to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. More than 3% of population in our country is chronic HBV carriers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti HDV in asymptomatic HBV carriers in Babol. METHODS: This prospective study was performed on all HBV carriers who were diagnosed by Babol blood bank center and also their infected family members during 2000-2002. In all cases, anti HDV were assayed by Elisa. Proportions were compared by T-test, Chi-square and Fishers exact tests. FINDINGS: From 546 cases of HBV carriers, 319 (58.4%) were male and 227 (41.6%) were female. 489 (89.6%) cases of anti Hbe+ (mean age±SD; 32.13±11.9 years) and 57 (10.4%) cases of HbeAg+ (mean age±SD; 23.7±11.24 years) were studied. Anti HDV was positive in 6 (1.9%) of males and 5 (2.2%) of females (p=0.769). Anti HDV was positive in 7 (1.4%) cases of Anti Hbe+ and 4 (7%) of HbeAg+ cases (p=0.02). In total, the prevalence of anti HDV was 2% in all patients.CONCLUSION: The results showed that HDV is endemic in our area and its prevalence is higher in HbeAg+ cases. The study of prevalence of anti HDV in high-risk groups is recommended.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With respect to the increasing importance of the application of height and weight indexes to find out the nutritional status of children in society, this study was carried out on children aged less than 5 years living in Tonekabon (a city in west of Mazandaran).METHODS: In this descriptive study, 432 healthy children who were less than 5 years old were randomly selected by clustered sampling and were studied in four clusters, which 108 children less than 5 years old were in each cluster, and their height and weight were measured. FINDINGS: The results indicated that the weight and height of children in all age groups were lower than the NCHS standard. Retardation in height growth was identically observed in all ages; about eighty percent of the children had 2 standard deviation (SD) less than the mean of height for their age that it showed a previous moderate malnutrition. Thirty-seven percent of children had two SD less than the mean of weight for their age, which showed a moderate malnutrition. In this study, the boys were 81% (167 persons) and 38% (79 persons) less than -2 SD from NCHS in terms of height and weight for age respectively, while the girls were 80% (158 persons) and 38% (71 persons) less than -2 SD from NCHS in terms of height and weight for age, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that weight and height values of Tonekabonian children had many differences with NCHS standard, it is more conspicuous in individuals height, and approximately a large proportion of the studied ones had different degrees of malnutrition.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Osteopetrosis is a rare congenital bone disease, characterized by generalized increase in skeletal density. It has been recognized several types of osteopetrosis with varing severity. CASES: In this survey, three cases with osteopetrosis in a family are reported. Case 1 was a 2-month-old girl with anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, blindness, generalized increase density of bones who was admitted in hospital with diagnosis of osteopetrosis congenita. She died at 11 months old due to septicemia. Case 2 was the brother of the case 1 who was diagnosed as osteopetrosis after birth according to increased bone density, which was shown on his bone survey. During three year follow up of the patient, there was no clinical or lab findings. Father of the patients had history of recurrent bone fracture with good healing. Radiography of his vertebral column showed increase density of bones. The diagnosis was done as osteopetrosis Tarda or Albers Schonberg disease.CONCLUSION: It was suggested that whenever radiography of the patient shows increase density of bone, one of the diagnosis could be osteopetrosis and it needs more investigation in the family.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Less than 1% of pheochromocytoma account for hypertensive vascular diseases. The goal of this report is early diagnosis of this tumor since it is surgically treatable and preventive for lethal complication. In this study, two cases of patients with hypertension due to adrenal pheochromcytoma who were treated by surgical adrenalectomy, were reported.CASES: The first patient was a 45-year-old female who presented with hypertension, headache, abdominal pain, sweating, weight loss and diabetic mellitus. An 8×6 cm2 mass was reported in her left adrenal by CT scan. She was operated adrenalectomy. She immediately got a normal blood pressure and controlled diabetic mellitus. The second patient was a 61-year-old male who presented with hypertension and elevated level of 24-hour urinary cathacholasmine. He was surgically treated by adrenalectomy of right adrenal pheochromocytoma after a 7×6 cm2 mass was detected on CT scan in his right adrenal as the same of first patient, he got a normal blood pressure and controlled diabetic mellitus immediately after operation. CONCLUSION: Although pheochromocytoma is a rare cause of elevation of arterial pressure; it should be always considered as a cause of elevation of blood pressure. So after the diagnosis it was recommended administration of phenoxybenzamine as an irreversible α blocker, to prevent hypertensive crisis and cardiac arythmia, and for symptom relief of the patients before, during and after the operation, respectively.