JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2007 | Volume:9 | Issue:3 (38)|Papers Count:13

Background and Objective: Teucrium polium L. (Labiatae) is plant with antidiabetic, antispasmodic and antibacterial properties that its effects on gastric secretion have not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of Teucrium polium L. on rat gastric acid secretion in basal, vagotomized and vagal- stimulated conditions.METHODS: Twenty four wistar rats weighed (200-250g) were randomly divided into two equal groups (case and control). After the anesthetization of animals by sodium thiopental (50 mg/kg, ip), tracheostomy, laparatomy and gastrodeodenostomy were done. Aqueous extract of her plant in 5, 10 and 20 mg/ml concentrations were prepared and gastric acid concentration was measured by titrator. The results in two groups were compared.FINDINGS: The mean difference between first and second samples in case group were significant only in vagotomized condition (p<0.05). The comparison of three states showed that in vagotomizd Avs. basal condition and in vagotomized vs. vagal-stimulated condition, there were significant differences in acid secretion (p<0.05). The comparison between control and case group showed that there is no effect on gastric acid with aqueous extract of Teucrium poliwn L. CONCLUSION: The results showed that different concentrations of aqueous extract of Teucrium polium between control and case groups in three conditionsv have no effect on acid secretion.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Facial zone is the main part of human’s body for establishing proper beauty and in this regard, profile attractiveness is of special importance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sagittal and vertical changes of lower facial third on perception of profile attractiveness among males and females of various educational levels and ages.METHODS: This descriptive analytical study was performed on 214 subjects of referrals, staff and students of dental school and Ferdosi University of Mashhad. The effect of sagittal and vertical changes of lower facial third on perception of profile attractiveness was evaluated by using profile silhouettes with different degrees of soft tissue convexity and different ratio of upper face to lower face. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis of the differences in each group and between different groups.FINDINGS: In the series of sagittal and vertical changes, the profile with +6°soft tissue convexity and  1/1 ratio of upper face to lower face was selected as the most desirable. There was no significant differences between males and females (p>0.05). No significant differences were found between teenagers and early adults (<35 years) (p>0.05), but they had significant differences with late adults (>35 years) (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between educated and non-educated subjects (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Gender had a little effect on ranking of the silhouettes. Late adults in comparison with younger’s, had different ideas about profile attractiveness. Educational level had a deep influence on perception of profile attractiveness.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recurrent miscarriage is defined as at least two consecutive pregnancy losses during first trimester. Spontaneous pregnancy is dependent to endocrinologic changes of the menstrual cycle that may be effect on pregnancy outcome. This study was designed to investigate possible relation between hormonal changes with recurrent miscarriages.METHODS: A total of 92 women with a history of recurrent miscarriage attending in Fatemeh Zahra infertility center were evaluated with hysterosalpingography, parental karyotype, vaginal sonography, immunologic tests, past history and physical examination. Following investigation, 57 women failed to reveal an identifiable cause, and were therefore classified as having unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. The control group consisted of women with known cause of abortion. Hormone levels (LH, FSH, TSH and prolactin) compared between two groups. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and t-test.FINDINGS: Of the 92 women included in this study, 35 had an identifiable cause. The median age was 29.2±6.5 (18-41 years), the median number of miscarriage was 2.8±1.1 and the median duration of marriage was 5.5±4.2 (1-20 years). TSH serum concentration was significantly lower in unexplained group (p=0.004) (2.3±1.8 and 1.5±1, respectively), and prolactin concentration was higher in PCO patients (p=0.05).CONCLUSION: The results showed an increased rate of prolactin in PCO patients with recurrent miscarriage and a decreased rate of TSH in unexplained recurrent miscarriage. It is possible that these disturbances may be causally related to miscarriage.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recombinant FSH (r-FSH) and hMG have been used for ovulation stimulation in assisted reproductive cycles. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of r-FSH and HP-hMG in assisted reproductive cycles.METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study was done during 2005 in Babol fertility centers. After inclusion criteria, 99 persons randomly received FSH and 97 persons received HP-hMG. Two groups were matched for age, duration and cause of infertility. Data included number of follicles, number of oocytes, cycle cancellation, number of fertilization of oocytes, number of 2PN, number of ampoules, days of stimulation, number of 4 cell embryos and grade A embryos and outcomes of treatment were recorded.FINDINGS: Number of oocytes recovered in HP-hMG (11.1) was significantly more than r-FSH (7.79) (p=0.012). There were no statistical differences in number of ampoules, days of stimulation, number of fertilization of oocytes, number of 2PN, number of 4 cell embryos and grade A embryos and pregnancy rate and outcomes of pregnancy between r-FSH and HP-hMG (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Recombinant FSH and HP-hMG has same advantage and complication, so type of treatment can be selected based on cost of treatment and type of administration.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Phlebitis is a common complication of IV catheters that is associated with serious side effects. Recommended care procedures like applying a warm, wet compress could not decrease the severity of phlebitis in a short period of time. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the topical piroxicam on the phlebitis due to IV catheters and compare its effect with a standard method like warm wet compress.METHODS: This clinical trial study was performed on 180 patients who had phlebitis due to IV catheters at two hospitals in Amol. The samples were randomly divided into three equal groups: wet warm compress, topical piroxicam gel and control. The site of IV catheters was assessed until phlebitis developed. Then, catheters replaced and inserted in another site. In intervention groups, piroxicam gel (2×4 cm=2.5 mg) and warm, wet compress (20 min) were applied in phlebitis sites every 8 hours for three days. Control group didn't receive the intervention. Severity of phlebitis was recorded before intervention and every day until three days on the basis of phlebitis five degree scale.FINDINGS: In this study, 31.1% of subjects had phlebitis on their wrist, 30% on arm, 26.1% on hand back and 12.8% on their antecubital sites. There were no statistically significant differences between age, geneder, phlebitis sites and severity of phlebitis before intervention in three groups (p>0.05). Average of severity of phlebitis before intervention was 2.48 in piroxicam group, 2.48 in warm wet compress group and 2.40 in control group which reach to 0.00, 0.18, and 0.52 in third day in three groups, respectively. ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between the effect of curative methods and control group that piroxicam gel was more effective.CONCLUSION: Topical piroxicam gel can be effective in treatment of phlebitis due to indwelling peripheral intravenous catheter and even more effective than an accepted method like wet warm compress.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Since normal vaginl delivery and encouraging women to undertake vaginal delivery and the importance of reducing the duration of labor are known, this study was performed on nulliparous women who referred to Emam Ali hospital in Amol.METHODS: This single blinded clinical trial was performed on two experimental and one control groups (60 patients in each group). At the beginning of the active phase of labor (4cm dilation), combination of atropine-promethazine (0.5 mg atropine- 25mg promethazine) and pethidine (50 mg), and 2 milliliter normal saline injected intramuscularly to experimental groups and control group, respectively. Then duration of the active phase of labor was evaluated with vaginal examinations. Women with history of preterm labor, preterm rupture of membrane, preeclampsia, twin pregnancy, abnormal presentation, pelvic contraction, induction of labor and any other chronic diseases were excluded from this study.FINDINGS: One hundred and eighty nulliparous women aged 15-35 years were studied. The duration of active phase of labor was 185.6±69.1 minutes in atropine-promethazine group, 228.9±105.5 minutes in pethidine group and 245.9±90.1 minutes in control group which showed statistically significant differences (p=0.001) but no significant difference was found between pethidine and control groups (p<0.063).CONCLUSION:  Considering the effect of atropine-promethazine combination in reducing the duration of active phase of labor, its administration is recommended during labor.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The stimulants substances abuse specially among the youth are one of the hygienic, social and economic problems which have a direct effect on the learning power and health. Ecstasy is also a product of methamphetamines. This research was done to study the students’ knowledge about the effects of taking ecstasy.METHODS: This study was performed on 140 students from management faculties of Tehran and Iran University of medical sciences randomly. The information gathered by questionnaire and analyzed.FINDINGS: The knowledge level of most students was too weak, the mean score of students’ knowledge in Iran University of medical sciences was 6.24 and in Tehran University were 7.46. There were not any relations between the knowledge with sex, age, marriage position, occupation and educational level of parents, being employed, using dormitory or not.CONCLUSION: The results showed that students have a weak knowledge about the effects of taking ecstasy. It is suggested that in order to increase the knowledge level in the students, mass medias like Television, newspapers and radios are used.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a significant health problem that has been associated with chronic disease, and early death. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and nutritional status of young women in Tonekabone.METHODS: This cross sectional study was performed on 774 young women aged 18-25 years old in Tonekabone who randomly selected by cluster sampling. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences of subjects were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Overweight and obesity and abdominal obesity defined based on BMI=25-29.9 kg/m2, BMI ³30 kg/m2 and WHR ³0.85, respectively. Food intake was assessed by using 24-hour dietary recall for three non consecutive days and food frequency questionnaire. Diet data analyzed by nutrition III.FINDINGS: The prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity of the participants was 21.2%, 1.7% and 29.4%, respectively. Mean (SD) daily energy was 2380±537 kcal. The mean percentage values of energy intake derived from carbohydrate, protein and fat were 60.0±13.5, 11.3±2.8 and 28.7±6.1, respectively. The physical activity of subjects was 43%, 45% and 12% that was light, moderate and heavy, respectively. Over 82% of the women were housewives and 20.7% were less educated. CONCLUSION: This study showed that overweight and to smaller extent obesity were common in young women of Tonekabone. Necessary knowledge about proper nutrition in women of this age group is recommended.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although establishing commandments of gamete donation is a new subject and doesn’t have much background, but some contemporary religious jurisprudence has discussed it and its cases have been mentioned according to their jurisprudence point of view. The aim of this study was to determine certain legal relations of persons with sexual cells and study paternal and maternal concept and achieve to establishing commandments of gamete donation concerning to parentage, guidance, guardianship, alimony, close relationship, marriage, heritage and so on.METHODS: Because in every religious jurisprudence discussion, its related theological texts necessarily should study for document and indication, so the base of this task is investigation and research in resources and theological texts and also past and contemporary religious jurisprudence speeches and ideas.FINDINGS: From religious jurisprudence point of view, father is the only one who is owner the spermatozoon and mother is the only one who is owner the ovule. Because of this, a man who is not owner the spermatozoon is not legal father and a woman who takes the ovule from another person is not legal mother. On this basis, the children of spermatozoon or ovule donors account as legal brothers and sisters of the children resulting from gamete donation. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, persons who receive and donate gamete should be familiar with the rules such as parentage, guardianship, alimony, close relationship, marriage and so on, in order not to face difficulties for religious rules.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Urinary calculus is a common disease in the urinary tract. Ureteral stones which do not spontaneously pass are removed and broken up by extra corporeal shock lithotripsy, transureteral lithotripsy (TUL), laparoscopy and open surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of TUL in the treatment of ureteral stones.METHODS: This cross sectional study was performed on 196 patients with ureteral stone who underwent TUL in Shahid Beheshti hospital in Babol from 2003 to 2006. Data were gathered by questionnaire included age, sex, side and location of stone, using ureteral catheter, duration of admission and need for retransureteral lithotripsy and data were analyzed by t-test, Fisher exact test and Pearson correlation coefficient and p<0.05 was considered significant. FINDINGS: Of 196 patients, 127 (64.8%) were male and 69 (35.2%) were female and their mean age was 41.5±13.6 years. The most common site for stones was left lower ureter and the least one was right middle ureter. Analgesic was used by 80% of patients without ureteral catheter and 75.8% of patients with ureteral catherter. Only a significant difference was seen between analgesic use and hospitalization time (p= 0.009) and no significant difference was seen in other cases. The shortest duration of hospitalization after TUL was 1 day and the longest duration of hospitalization was 12 days. In this study, 5.1% of patients needed to retransureteral lithotripsy that was unsuccessful in a patient who was with pyonephrosis and fever. Serious complications like ureter rupture were not seen.CONCLUSION: The results showed that in transureteral lithotripsy without complication does not need placement of routine ureteral catheter.