JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2008 | Volume:10 | Issue:2 (43)|Papers Count:16

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mechanical stress alters the secretory proteins concentration at the local level in bone and the oral cavity. Recognition of these proteins and their roles in teeth movement or tissue destruction diagnosis is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of total protein concentration in whole saliva (WS) before and after orthodontic tooth movement.METHODS: This experimental study was done on 40 adolescent and young patients who were in need of orthodontic treatment for both jaws. Samples of W.S. were collected once before the placement of orthodontic separators, and 1 day and 1 week after the placement of orthodontic separators. Total protein concentration was measured by spectrophotometric method.FINDINGS: Total protein concentration before the placement of orthodontic separators, 1 day and 1 week after were 127.3, 135.1, 131.6 (mg/dl). Total protein concentration elevated after initial tooth movement (one day after the placement of orthodontic separators) and then, tended to the pretreatment levels at the 7th day, but it didn’t exactly return to it (p<0.001). It was not found a correlation between total protein alterations and sex.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the application of force and the placement of separators increase the total protein in whole saliva. Therefore it may be possible that some of the new released protein index due to forcing is recognizable with analysis of saliva and its relationship with the effect of orthodontic treatment can be studied.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In marrow primary culture for mesenchymal stem cell isolation, the cells suspended in supernatant are usually discarded at first medium exchange. The objective of this study was to culture and expand these cells, to examine their mesenchymal stem cell nature, to compare their growth rate with that of adherent cells of primary culture and eventually to optimize the culture conditions for the cells maximum proliferation.METHODS: In this experimental study, 10 Wistar strain rats were sacrificed, their tibial bone marrow were collected and plated in 75cm2 culture flasks. Four days after culture initiation, the supernatant medium was collected and its floating cells along with those primarily adherent cells were expanded by three successive subcultures, during which population doubling time (PDT) was calculated and statistically compared. Furthermore, culture condition including its fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration as well as the cell density at culture initiation for maximum proliferation of the cells was optimized. The isolated cells were evaluated with respect to their potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage and adipose cells.FINDINGS: Based on our results, the population of the cells from removed medium was doubled in number each 14.9±2 hr, while this value was 19±2.1 hr for primarily adherent cell population (p<0.05). Data indicated that both cells had a maximum proliferation when cultured in a medium containing 15% FBS at 100 cell/cm2. The isolated cells were readily differentiated into skeletal cells as were evident in specific staining as well as RT-PCR analysis.CONCLUSION: Supernatant of rat’s marrow primary culture contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with high growth rate.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Changes in the copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations have been reported previously in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP). Due to controversial results, the aim of this study was to determine the Cu and Zn concentrations of ISCMP and to evaluate the probable role of these elements in patients with ICMP.METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 30 ICMP patients and 27 healthy volunteers. ICMP was diagnosed with a history of myocardial infarction and also vascular diseases confirmed by angiography. Exclusion criteria were renal or hepatic insufficiency, alcohol usage and intake of supplements containing Cu or Zn within one week ago. 15 ml of vein blood has been taken from patients and healthy volunteers. Samples were centrifuged, and separated serums were kept at 20oC. Cu and Zn levels were assayed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. T-test was used to compare the levels of Cu and Zn between ICMP and normal subjects.FINDINGS: The mean Cu level of ISCMP group (1.5±0.5 mg/Lit) was significantly more than Cu levels of healthy volunteers (1.3±0.2 mg/Lit) (p=0.048). The mean Zn levels for ISCMP and healthy volunteers were 1.1±0.3 mg/Lit, and 1.1±0.4 mg/Lit, respectively, that no significant difference was seen.CONCLUSION: Considering the results of this study, Cu may have a role in the development of ICMP. Interventions such as administration of Cu chelators to relieve the symptoms or to decrease the progress of ISCMP would need to be examined in large clinical trials. This study indicated that Zn may not have any role in the development of ICMP.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative consultation by frozen section method and histological assessment has an important role in making decision about the type and number of surgery. This study was performed to determine the diagnostic value of frozen and permanent sections.METHODS: This study was performed on 99 biopsy specimens during surgery in teaching hospitals of Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran during 2001-2006.Then, specimens were studied by permanent section method. The rate of diagnostic values with permanent section was analyzed.FINDINGS: Diagnostic value of frozen section and permanent sections in 97% was agreement and in 3% was disagreement. In tumoral lesions, agreement was 95.5% and the rate of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were estimated 91.9%, 100%, 100%, 92.5% and 95.5%, respectively. However in nontumoral lesions, agreement rate was 100% and the rate of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were also estimated 100%.CONCLUSION: The results showed high accuracy of frozen section diagnosis and its agreement with permanent section method in tumoral and nontumoral lesions. So intraoperative consultation with frozen section method is a standard method and valuable to help surgeon in making the best decision about the type of surgery in shorter time and reducing the complications of disease.

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are a class of polymeric compounds which have the ability to absorb a large amount of water (solvent) or liquid from the media. These superabsorbents have different applications in medicine, pharmaceutical, hygiene as well as agriculture, gardening and industry. Many applications have been found through their amazing absorptive properties including towel, tissue paper, absorbent powder for sweating, artificial muscles, contact lens in ophthalmology and also can be used to control humidity in meat and poultry packages and to control the blood sugar. The aim of this work was to synthesize special polymer and characterizing some of its properties.In this study, polyacrylic acid based superabsorbent was synthesized by solution polymerization in the presence of a radical initiator. Different types of SAPs were produced with a variety of degree of neutralization. Different types of SAPs were produced with a variety of degree of neutralization. The gel fraction, water uptake, and equilibrium swelling are measured. Further, the effect of pH, temperature, and the ionic strength of the system are investigated.As a result, vigorous stirring accelerates the rate of swelling and the pH decreasing causes a significant swelling rate decreasing. The swelling capacity decrease with increasing cross-link density and the higher water content of the gel represents the poorer mechanical property of the gels.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic low back pain because of common prevalence and economic burden is one of the important health and social problems of societies. There are different drugs and non drug treatment in approach to management of low back pain. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of amitriptyline in management of low back pain.METHODS: This clinical trial study was performed on low back pain patients who referred to a neurology clinic during 2 years. The patients divided into two groups, group 1 (n=125) received amitriptyline (25ml daily) and group 2 (n=114) as control didn't receive this drug. Other drug and non drug treatment were same in two groups. Efficacy of amitriptyline was compared in group that received this drug with a group that didn't receive it. Data was gathered by a questionnaire including variables such as age, sex. job, duration of low back Pain. Underlying disease, relieve criterions (symptom relief, decrease of pain, to be able to do daily and occupational activities) and then compared.FINDINGS: Mean age in two groups was same with no significant difference between them and there were no difference between male and female. One hundred and four cases (83.2%) from 125 patients who received amitriptyline had relieved and 83 cases (72.8%) of 114 patients who didn't receive this drug had relieved (p=0.052).CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, amitriptyline has therapeutic effect in management of chronic low back pain and it is recommended to consider amitriptyline in management of chronic low back pain.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Microleakage of composite restorations causes postoperative sensitivity, marginal staining and recurrent caries. The aim of this study was to reduce microleakage of tooth-colored restorative materials by preparing dentin surface for dentin bonding agents with acidic, basic and neutral soaps as a wetting agent.METHODS: This study was performed on box only cavities in 60 extracted human premolars for detecting microleakage by dye penetration. Based on acidic, basic, neutral and control soaps, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups. In groups 1, 2 and 3 after acid etching and washing, acidic (pH=4.5), basic (pH=9.5) and neutral (pH=7) liquid soaps were applied on dentinal surfaces for 30 seconds and washed for 30 seconds, respectively. Group 4 was considered as a control group without using soaps. After washing, excite dentin bonding agent and tetric ceram composite resin were used in the cavities according to the manufacturer recommendations in all groups.FINDINGS: The mean rank of microleakage grades in groups 1 (acidic soap), 2 (basic soap), 3 (neutral Soap) and 4 (control) were 27.4, 37.7, 21.9 and 35.1, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship among groups and neutral soap group had lower microleakage grade in comparison with basic and control groups. (p=0.013 and p=0.045).CONCLUSION: Application of dentin bonding agents with neutral soap showed promising results in reducing microleakage.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cryptosporidium and isospora are opportunistic and zoonotic protozoan parasites and they can cause chronic and self-limiting gastroenteritis in immunocompetent individuals and acute gastroenteritis in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cryptosporidium and isospora and other enteropathogenic parasites in patients with gastroenteritis in Babol and Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran.METHODS: This descriptive and cross sectional study was performed on 802 stool samples of gastroentritic patients with cluster random sampling in 7 health and treatment centers of Babol and Babolsar from June 2005 to June 2006. Stool samples were collected, fixed and examined by direct method (DM) for detecting pathogen parasites, acid- fast staing (AFS) and auramin phenol flourescence (APF) for detecting two cryptosporidium and isospora parasites.FINDINGS: Prevalence rate of parasitic infections was 3.4%, and the most rates of parasitic infections were G. lamblia 2.7%, E. coli 0.4% and A. lumbricoides 0.12%, respectively. The prevalence rate of cryptosporidiosis and isosporiasis in above samples was 0.12% and 0, respectively.CONCLUSION: Detection of cryptosporidium and isospora is uncommon in routine stool examinations in most laboratories and there is not also request to examine sporozoan parasites in stool. Due to cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients, the need for establishment of diagnostic methods is emphasized.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tibia fracture is one of the most common long bone fractures in body and primary treatment of open fracture always worries surgeons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment of open tibia fractures by flexible medullary nailing.METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 44 patients suffering from open tibial fractures treated with flexible medullary nails in Shahid Beheshti and Yahyanejad hospitals from 1998-2001. In this study with limited incision, fixation of open fractures (gustilo type I to type IIIA) was done by 2-3 nails (3mm or 3.5mm). Demographic information associated with variables such as infection, for 1.5 years followed up in patients and data was analyzed by ANOVA test.FINDINGS: Mean age of patients was 29.8 years and 37(84.1%) patients were male. The average time of union was 6.1 months. There were 2(4.5%) patients with deep infection and 7(15.9%) with superfacial infection. Delayed union was seen in 4(9.1%) patients and malunion was seen in 1(2.3%) patient and there was not non-union.CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that flexible medullary nailing is a reliable method for treatment of open tibia fractures.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With increasing hope for life and improving health cares, elderly population is increasing. Survey into problems of elderly people is one of the health care priorities in Iran in order to manage and develop a care plan for this population. The aim of this study was to determine the chronic diseases of elderly people in Amirkola, Babol, Iran.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1017 people (of 2000) aged over 60 years in Amirkola that were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire included 32 questions about demographic characteristics and chronic diseases. Questionnaires filled out by trained questioners with interviewing old people and their family. Data were analyzed by chi square and t-test. P<0.05 was considered significant.FINDINGS: In this study, 603 (59.3%) were male and 414 (40.7%) were female. Mean age of the elderly population was 70.7±6.9 years. Frequency of chronic diseases was cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (29.6%), digestive disorders (28.5%), hypertension (HTN) (23.9%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (23.4%), musculoskeletal diseases (22%), kidney and urinary tract (16.6%), pulmonary diseases (12.8%), cerebrovascular accident (4.9%) and the frequency of other diseases was less. Frequency of CVD, HTN, DM and psychiatric diseases in female population were more than males and pulmonary and musculoskeletal diseases in male population were more than female population. From studied cases, 83% afflicted with at least one disease and 44.4% afflicted with more than two diseases synchronously. Mean of disease numbers for every person was 2.6±2.2.CONCLUSION: Considering the results of this study and high frequency percentage of chronic diseases especially HTN, DM in old people, consideration should be given to screening for these diseases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Postpartum depression is a common and social disability that effects on mother, infant and family. More than half of the mothers experience symptom of depression and about 10-15 percent of them progress to depression disorder. This study was done to evaluate the frequency of postpartum depression and its related factors in women who referred to health care center in Kermanshah, Iran.METHODS: In this cross sectional study, 330 women who referred to hearth care center in Kermanshah for primary care after delivery were evaluated for depression symptoms. Collected data were analyzed by Chi square test.FINDINGS: Among evaluated women, 82 women (24.8%) were depression and 248 women (75.2%) weren't depression. Significant relationship between age of mother, educational level, job, unwanted pregnancy, gender and prevalence of depression was found (p<0.05). But no significant relationship between kind of delivery and prevalence of depression was found (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Considering high prevalence of depression in this special group, the necessity of diagnosis of this disorder in time seems to be important in all of primary health center by screening tests.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although most antibiotics are safe for central nervous system (CNS) and their neurotoxicity is infrequent, beta-lactam antibiotics (especially imipenem) are most commonly antibacterial agents associated with CNS adverse events such as seizure. In this report a case of important drug interaction following imipenem administration was introduced.CASE: A 66 year old man was presented with chief complaint of abdominal pain and difficulty to eat food. After diagnosis of cardia cancer (adenocarcinoma), the patient underwent laparotomy and total gastrectomy and transported to the intensive care unit (ICD). Due to respiratory infection. imipenem (1.5 g per 6 hrs) and ciprofloxacin (750 mg per 8 hrs) ordered and the patient experienced a resistant seizure after the third doses of imipenem that was not improved with diazepam and phenytoin and controlled after using thiopental. After controlling seizure, administration of phenytoin with maintenance dose continued and the patient did not regain consciousness degree that he had before the occurrence of seizure. Two week later, the patient died due to septic shock and severe physiological instability while the seizure was one of the main causes of his complication and mortality.CONCLUSION: Unintentional using of higher doses of imipenem and ciprofloxacin (4g and l500mg, respectively and co-administration of them in critically ill patient produced severe seizure. With determination of assistant factors (high age and decreased renal function) and removing of risk factors (high dose and co-administration of two or more suspected drugs), these dangerous adverse reactions can be prevented.