Journal of Mashhad Dental School
Year:2020 | Volume:44 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:13

Speed is one of the important elements of time optimization in every task. However speed is useful when it is not at the cost of quality. This article aims to introduce some new tools to dentistry authors helping them to write their articles using less time while selecting the keywords fast and at the sometime not to lose the quality of the work.

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of empowerment courses for academic staff of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences on their satisfaction and knowledge regarding teaching and evaluation methods based on the Kirk Patrick model. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, faculty members of basic and clinical sciences who had participated in empowerment workshops in the field of education in 2017 (eighth and ninth courses) were studied. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the aforementioned workshops based on the first level of the Kirk Patrick model which is the reactive level. Pre-test and post-test tests were used immediately before and after the workshop to evaluate the second level of the Kirk Patrick model, which is the learning level. Results: Regarding the ninth empowerment workshops, the highest mean satisfaction of clinical sciences faculty members was related to the "curriculum plan" workshop. On the other hand, the highest mean satisfaction of basic sciences faculty members was related to student-centered teaching methods. In addition, regarding the eighth empowerment workshops, the highest mean satisfaction of clinical science faculty members was related to the new methods of clinical assessment. On the other hand, the highest mean satisfaction of basic science faculty members was related to the fundamentals of virtual education and new technologies in education. The scores of the faculty members in both the basic and clinical sciences groups significantly increased after the eighth and ninth empowerment workshops. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, it can be concluded that in-service training courses can improve the academic staffs' skills of teaching and assessing students. In addition, it was revealed that academic staffs’ satisfaction varied depending on the type of the course.

Introduction: Hypersensitivity is a short, sharp pain that can occur due to the response of the exposed dentin to touch and chemical stimuli. The best solution for hypersensitivity treatment is closing the dentin tubules by crystal deposition in tubule openings or melting the dentin hydroxyapatite. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dentin desensitizers on the shear bond strength of dentin glass restorers. Materials and methods: In the present study, 60 healthy human premolar teeth were selected. The teeth surfaces were sheared 2 mm under the DEJ. The samples were divided into three groups of 20 each. Group 1: pure dentin, group 2: low-power laser diode with the intensity of 3. 7 j/cm2, period of 5 min, and length of 0. 66 μ m on the dentin surface. Group 3: the CPP-ACP paste on occlusal dentin. Each group was divided into two subgroups of 10. The first subgroup was filled with Fuji II LC glass on the center of dentin's surface in plastic mold and the second with Ketac N100 nano-ionomer. Thereafter, the shear test of samples was performed and the shear bond strength was measured using ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: In Fuji II LC groups, no significant difference was observed between the mean of shear bond strength in three groups of laser, control, and CP-CPP (P=0. 086). However, in Ketac N100 group, the mean of shear bond strength of the laser-treated group was significantly higher than two subgroups of control and CPP-ACP (Plaser=0. 035, Pcontrol=0. 027). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, in CPP-ACP and Control groups, Fuji II LC glass ionomer had better results than Ketac N100. However, no significant difference was observed between the laser-treated groups using different glass ionomers.

Introduction: Root canal-treated teeth are more prone to failure in functional forces. Post and core procedures are often indicated in these cases. On the other hand, there have been interests in the use of all-ceramic restorations with improved properties in posterior teeth reconstruction. This study aimed to investigate the fracture strength of four different post and core systems in root canal-treated premolars with all-ceramic crowns. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 mandibular premolars were selected and subjected to root canal standard treatment. Afterward, they were divided into four groups of Ni-Cr post and cores casting, glass fiber post/composite core, non-precious gold post and cores casting, and custom-made milled zirconia posts and cores. Each specimen received all-ceramic crowns with zirconia copings and was then loaded by the Zwick device. The amount of fracture resistance by the specimens up to the breaking point was measured and the modes of failure were analyzed in this study. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significance test (α =0. 05). Results: The mean fracture strengths of the four groups were 780. 59± 270, 70± 323, 963. 24± 915. 307, and 435. 34± 220 N, respectively. There were differences between the core and post groups regarding this difference (P=0. 000). Conclusion: According to the results, out of the post-and-core procedures used for the reconstruction of prosthetic root canal-treated premolars with all-ceramic crown, the custom-milled zirconia had lower fracture strength, and non-restorable fractures were more prevalent in these posts.

Introduction: Oral hygiene is one of the main components of public health and people’ s quality of life which by early diagnosis of oral diseases, their prognosis and treatment will be accelerated. Therefore, the present study aimed to intervene and assess the knowledge, performance, and attitude among general practitioners regarding the oral cavity lesions. Materials and Methods: The current quasi-experimental research was performed on 75 general practitioners participating at re-training courses at the Medical Education Development Center of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. The data collection tool was a structured questionnaire consisting of two sections. The first section contained demographic information and the second included knowledge, performance, and attitude regarding oral lesions. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using the t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The results of the present study indicated that the mean score of academic and clinical knowledge, attitude, and practice of general practitioners showed a significant difference among the three post-intervention periods (P≤ 0. 001). According to Pearson's correlation coefficient test, the mean score of attitude and practice showed a statistically significant relationship with age (P=0. 001, P=0. 03) and duration of medical practice (P=0. 002, P=0. 02); however, there was no statistically significant relationship with the number of patient visits per day (P=0. 61, P=0. 29). Furthermore, no significant relationship was observed between academic and clinical knowledge with age (P=0. 92, P=0. 59), duration of treatment (P=0. 93, P=0. 92), and the number of patient visits per day (P=0. 77, P=0. 85). Conclusion: Considering the positive impact of the intervention in the current research, one of the effective factors in the prevention of oral cavity lesions is the promotion of general practitioners and health-care personnel's knowledge through in-service and integrated training programs.

Introduction: Proper stress distribution in the edentulous ridge is necessary for implant-supported mandibular overdenture. For the purposes of the present study, the stress distribution was investigated under various types of forces using the finite element method (FEM). Materials and Methods: A digital model of the mandible with two implants (ITI with diameter and length of 4. 1 and 12 mm, respectively) in canine areas and the overdenture supported by it were simulated using ABAQUS software. A vertical force was applied to the left first molar and gradually increased from 0 to 50 N. Finally, the resultant stress distribution was evaluated. Results: Under small amounts of occlusal force, mucosa displacement and stress accumulation in the cortical bone of edentulous ridge, occurred on the non-working side and moved to the working side with a gradual increase in the force. Major stress accumulation was observed in the cortical bone around the implant. Moreover, it was observed in a minor range in the posterior ridge. The mucosa displacement occurred primarily in the posterior edentulous ridge, especially in the mylohyoid ridge. Conclusions: By using 3D FEM in the present study, it was observed that mucosa displacement is more likely to occur in the posterior areas, especially mylohyoid ridge and edentulous ridge crest in comparison to the areas around the implants. Therefore, this area should be carefully relief and the forces should be directed towards the buccal shelf area as much as possible.

Introduction: The present study aimed to evaluate the rate of miniplate and miniscrew removal and its etiology after orthognathic surgery during 2016-2018. Materials & Methods: For the purposes of this cross-sectional study, all the patients who referred to the surgical department of Dental School of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, for orthognathic surgery were included. All cases were assessed to determine whether the miniplate and miniscrew were removed after the surgery or not. Subsequently, the age, gender, cause of removal, and type of their orthognathic surgery were identified. Finally, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21). Results: The present study was performed on 69 subjects with the average age of 24. 9± 4. 09 who underwent orthognathic surgery during 2016-2018. The aim was to analyze the miniplate and miniscrew removal and related variables. Based on the results, the rate of miniplate and miniscrew removal was 10. 14% (7 cases out of 69 patients). It was found that infection and plate exposure were the most common reasons for miniplate and miniscrew removal after orthognathic surgery. Moreover, miniplate and miniscrew removal was more frequent in the mandible, compared to the maxilla. Furthermore, the removal had a significant relationship with the type of jaw movement and usage of alcoholic drinks (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Regarding the low rate of miniplate removal after orthognathic surgery (10. 14%), it can be concluded that there is no need to remove asymptomatic titanium miniplates. It is only necessary to do so when there are indications and clear symptoms for the removal.

Introduction: Dry socket is one of the most common postoperative complications following the surgical extraction of the impacted third molar. In clinical observations, the tooth cavity is devoid of the blood clot and bone is completely exposed. The duration of surgery is one of the factors affecting the incidence of this lesion. Nonetheless, the assessment of the studies on the effect of increased length of surgical extraction of impacted third molars on the incidence of dry socket has not yielded accurate results. With this background in mind, the present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the duration of surgical extraction of impacted third molars and the incidence of dry socket. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on 227 patients within the age range of 17-30 years old referring to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Mashhad Dental School. The impacted difficulty score was considered 4-8 based on the Peterson reference. The amount of pain and incidence of the dry socket was evaluated in 2, 4, and 7 days after surgery. Result: The mean pain scores in the second, fourth, and seventh days after the surgery were measured at 4. 72± 1. 08, 1. 57± 1. 26, and 0. 29± 1. 11, respectively, which indicated a significant difference in the severity of pain in different times (P<0. 001). There was no incidence of dry socket on the second day after surgery; nonetheless, five cases of dry socket were observed on the fourth day and the same five cases on the seventh day after the operation (P=0. 007). Moreover, the pain significantly increased on the second and seventh days after surgery with increasing the duration of surgery. Furthermore, with increasing the duration of surgery, the amount of pain increased significantly on the second and seventh days after surgery. However, it increased only to a very small amount on the fourth day and its correlation was not significant Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the duration of the impacted mandibular third molar operation is associated with an increased risk of alveolar osteitis.

Introduction: Success in root canal treatment requires effective debridement of the root canal. Mechanical and chemical debridement eliminates most pathogenic bacteria; nonetheless, canal debridement sometimes becomes difficult due to complexities, such as accessory canals and limited access of disinfectants to the canal. Numerous studies have pointed to the presence of fungi in endodontic infections and their role in the etiology of peri-radicular lesions. The present study aimed to compare the effect of EndoActivator and XP-Endo finisher file with the conventional method in debridement of the root canals infected with Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 56 single root single canal anterior teeth were selected. To induce infection, Candida albicans was cultured in Sabour's dextrose agar medium and incubated for 24 h. After incubation period, the teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups consisting of 14 teeth. XP-Endo Finisher, Endo activator, 5. 25% sodium hypochlorite solution, and sterile normal saline solution were used for canal debridement in the first, second, third, and fourth groups, respectively. Finally, upon the completion of incubation, the number of colonies grown on the medium was counted and reported in CFU/ ml unit. Results: The mean number of Candida albicans colonies in root canal was reported as zero after the application of XP-Endo Finisher, Endo activator, and 5. 25% sodium hypochlorite. On the other hand, the mean number of colonies after normal saline application was 171723. 08 CFU/ml ranging from at least 102 to maximum 106 colonies in the samples. As evidenced by the obtained results, the frequency of Candida albicans colonies in root canal after the application of XP-Endo Finisher, Endo activator, and 5. 25% sodium hypochlorite was significantly less than normal saline; accordingl, all the three materials are suitable for effective debridement of the root canal. Conclusions: The application of XP ‐ Endo Finisher, Endo activator, and 5. 25% sodium hypochlorite is recommended for the debridement of root canal with the purpose of the elimination of Candida albicans.

Introduction: Third molar removal surgery is one of the most common oral and maxillofacial operations that sometimes can be complicated and time-consuming. As a result, monitoring the vital signs of a patient during this surgery seems to be crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate heart rate and blood oxygen saturation variations during mandibular third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 50 patients who referred to the Surgery Department of the Dental School of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran for the surgical removal of the third molar. In this study, the heart rate and oxygen saturation of the participants were measured during eight phases, including when the patients were in the waiting room, sitting on dental chair, regional anesthetic medication was injected, surgeon started incising the gum, during bone removal, third molar extraction, suturing, and at the end of surgery. The data were analyzed by the repeated measures analysis of variance and independent samples t-test P<0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Our findings demonstrated that 28 (56%) and 22 (46%) of the patients were male and female, respectively. The mean age of participants in this study was 30. 12 years. The mean heart rate and oxygen saturation of the subjects during all the mentioned phases were found as 80. 52 beats/min and 97. 22%, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between the heart rate of the patients (P<0. 001) and oxygen saturation in all phases. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the highest heart rate of the patients under third molar removal surgery was recorded during the local anesthetic injection. Furthermore, oxygen saturation remained in the normal range during this operation.

Introduction: Ectodermal dysplasia is a genetic rare disease, consisting of a group of abnormalities which are the results of the abnormal development of two or more embryonic ectoderm derivatives, such as the skin, hair, nail, sweat gland, tooth, and other organs. Systemic features of ectodermal dysplasia include sparse hair (hypotrichosis), dry and hypopigmented skin, and malfunction of sweat glands that could cause hyperthermia. Intraoral symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia are abnormalities in tooth number (hypodontia or oligodontia of primary and permanent dentitions) and morphology (conical or peg tooth). Reestablishment of dental esthetics in a growing child with ectodermal dysplasia is crucial to amend psychosocial, esthetic, and functional problems. In this case report, an 8-year-old boy with esthetic and functional complaints was treated by a multidisciplinary approach. His parents declared no systemic diseases. Chief compliant of the patient was the problem in the eruption of the anterior teeth and dental abcess. The patient was reported to have major problems in terms of esthetics and social communications because of the missing teeth. The aim of this case report was to display a simple and cost-benefit method to reproduce an agreeable smile in an 8-year-old male patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. After the dental management in this case, the esthetics, phonetics, and chewing functions were rectified significantly. In addition, the parents reported an increased level of self-esteem in their child.