Journal of Mashhad Dental School
Year:2020 | Volume:43 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:11

Introduction: Chronic renal failure is caused by irreversible damage to the nephrons, in which the body fails to maintain water balance and electrolytes, thereby resulting in the incidence of uremia. Various oral manifestations are associated with renal failure and can have a significant effect on the quality of life in these people. Identification and evaluation of the prevalence of these oral manifestations in patients with renal insufficiency can facilitate the implementation of appropriate interventions targeted toward the elimination of such manifestations in this group of patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of oral manifestations in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 ESRD patients that were under hemodialysis in Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran, were evaluated. Oral manifestations were recorded after the examination of the oral cavity. Results: In this study, out of 120 patients, 74 (61. 7%) cases were male, and 46 (38. 3%) cases were female. The most common underlying causes of renal failure were hypertension (35. 8%) and diabetes (24. 2%). The most common oral manifestations were dry mouth (66. 7%), uremic odor (45. 8%), white tongue (37. 5%), and petechial/purpura/ecchymosis (35%). Aging was associated with dry mouth. Furthermore, diabetes showed a statistically significant relationship with dry mouth (P=0. 04), taste changes (P=0. 007), and petechia, purpura and ecchymosis (P=0. 022). Conclusion: Renal failure leads to a variety of manifestations in oral cavity. With regard to the various oral manifestations, conditions inherent to the disease, as well as the side effects of their medications and treatments, these patients need careful evaluation, oral care, and special considerations during dental treatment.

Introduction: Dental plaque control has always been an important issue and a variety of methods and materials are provided for this purpose. One of these materials is propolis which has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of propolis-containing toothpaste on dental plaques of dentistry students of Dental School of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 30 dentistry students. First, the gums of all students were examined. Then, dental plaque and gingival indices for each participant were prepared at baseline, followed by removing dental calculus and plaque. Students were divided into two groups, the first group was given a propolis-containing toothpaste and the second group was given a non-propolis toothpaste. After two weeks of using these toothpaste types, dental plaque and gingival indices of all subjects were measured. After one week of washout, dental plaque and gingival indices were measured once again. This time, the first group was given a non-propolis toothpaste and the second group was given a propolis-containing toothpaste. After two weeks of usage, dental plaque and gingival indices were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and independent and paired t-test. Results: Although the plaque index decreased in both toothpaste types, a higher decrease was observed in propolis-containing toothpaste (P=0. 002). In addition, the gingival index decreased in both groups; however, this decrease in gingival index in the group using propolis-containing toothpaste was significant (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Results of the present study indicated that propolis was effective in reducing dental plaque and gingival indices.

Introduction: In root canal treatment, the sealing of the root canal system after cleaning and shaping is absolutely necessary. According to the Grossman criteria, dimensional stability is among the requirements for a sealer. The aim of this study was to compare Nano-zinc oxide eugenol sealer with AH26 and Pulp Dent in terms of dimensional stability. Materials and Methods: In this research, for investigating the volume changes in sealers while setting, the three groups of ten sealers, including AH26 (DENTSPLY company made in Switzerland), Pulp Dent (PULP DENT company), and NanoZOE, were placed in a calibrated pipette with the accuracy of 0. 001 bent at U-shaped. There was a certain volume of sealer within the set containing water and methylene blue in the incubator at 37° C, and then, the samples were read every 15 min at the first and second hours after mixing, every 20 min during the third hour, as well as after 24 h, a week, and 30 days. Results: In general, AH26 had a minimal level of changes over time. Pulp Dent had little dimensional changes until 90 min, but from 90 min up to a week, Pulp Dent had the highest level of dimensional changes. NanoZOE had the highest level of changes up to 90 min, and then, it had dimensional changes more than AH26 and less than Pulp Dent up to a week. At the end of one month, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups regarding dimensional changes. Conclusion: After one month, the least and highest levels of dimensional changes were reported for AH26 and Pulp Dent. However, generally, the differences between the experimental sealers were not significant.

Introduction: Polymerization shrinkage causes a gap between the composite resin and the tooth edge which leads to bacterial invasion, secondary caries, recurrent caries, and the final failure of restoration. It seems that the addition of nanoparticles to composites can be effective in the reduction of the number and function of microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial properties of composite resins containing zinc-oxide with copper-oxide nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: A number of 490 discoid tablets containing 0. 05%, 0. 5%, 0. 1% nano-copper and nano zinc-oxide particles were prepared from composite resin GC (n=70). Diluted solutions of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668) were prepared and 1 mL of bacterial species was placed on the discs. The discs were transferred to liquid culture media and were incubated at 37℃ for 8 hr. Thereafter, 1 mm of serum was cultured at 37° C for 24 hours on a blood agar containing sheep blood and the total number of bacteria was obtained by colony counting of all bacteria detected on each disk. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 17) using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (k-s), Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn's test. The significance level was considered as α = 0. 5. Results: Based on the obtained results, the composites containing 0. 1% and 0. 5% Nano zinc oxide particles and copper oxide nanoparticles significantly decreased the number of bacteria in 15 and 30 days, as compared to the control group (P-value=0. 001). Nonetheless, other groups did not demonstrate any significant difference with the control group (P-value=1). Conclusion: Composite resins containing 0. 5% zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. On the other hand, both nano-copper and zinc-oxide particles revealed the least antimicrobial activity in the concentration of 0. 05%.

Introduction: Dentin bond strength of the perforation repair materials is one of the effective factors on the materials sealing ability and success of the treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on the push-out bond strength of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (WMTA) in the presence of blood contamination in simulated furcation perforations. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in Dental and Periodontal Disease Research Center in Tabriz Dental Faculty with the ethics code of IR. TBZMED. REC. B1396. 819 in 2017. The furcation perforation measured with 1. 3 mm diameter and 2 mm height was created in the 60 mandibular molars, and then the specimens were divided into four groups of 15 samples. In groups 1 and 3, only irrigation with normal saline after perforation establishment was done. In groups 2 and 4, blood contamination was created in the walls of perforation. Afterward, one Gel tamp was placed under the perforations in all the teeth, and WMTA was placed in the perforations. The moistened cotton with normal saline was placed on the MTA in groups 1 and 4, and moistened cotton with PBS was placed on the MTA in groups 2 and 3. Instron test was done after 1 week using universal testing machine. Due to the normal distribution of the samples, the two-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. P-value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the presence and absence of blood contamination, the mean bond strength of WMTA in saline proximity was significantly higher than PBS (P<0. 05). The blood contamination caused to significantly decrease the bond strength (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The presence of PBS does not have any positive effect on the increase of the bond strength of WMTA.

Introduction: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) can cause coronal discoloration after the regenerative endodontic therapies. Prevention of the MTA-induced discoloration in the esthetic zone is of great importance for patients and clinicians. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of dentin bonding agents (DBA) in preventing crown discoloration caused by white MTA (WMTA). Materials and Methods: A total of 36 extracted maxillary incisors were selected. After performing the endodontic procedures, the teeth were divided into 3 groups. In groups 1 and 2, before applying the WMTA in access cavity, Adper Single Bond (SB) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) were used for 5th and 6th, respectively. While the access cavity was impregnated with WMTA in group 3. In these three groups access cavities were sealed. The color of the samples was examined by a spectrophotometer. The Δ E was calculated after 2 months storage in incubator and physiologic serum. The collected data were analyzed with the help of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent t-test, and Tukey's range test. A p-value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no significant difference between WMTA+SB and WMTA+CSE (P=0. 546). However, the Δ E of the WMTA group between WMTA+SB and WMTA+CSE was significant (P<0. 001). Conclusion: The DBAs can prevent MTA-induces discoloration. Although differences between 5th and 6th generations of DBAs were not statistically significant, the samples prepared with 6th generation of adhesives showed lower crown discoloration.

Introduction: Bulkfill composites and universal adhesives were introduced to reduce the stages and sensitivity of composite restorations. The current study aimed to identify cuspal deflection in mesioocclosodistal (MOD) restorations using universal adhesives and bulk-fill composite. Materials and Methods: A number of 58 newly extracted upper premolars were assigned to four groups and then restored using bulky and incremental techniques with Filtek Bulkfill composite and G-Premio and Adper Single Bond adhesives. Firstly, each tooth was prepared for a standardized MOD cavity where the width of the proximal box was two-thirds the bucolingual width, the occlusal isthmus half the bucolingual width with the cavity depth at the occlusal isthmus standardized to 3. 5 mm – from the tip of the palatal cusp and 1 mm above the CEJ at the cervical aspect of the proximal boxes. Before and after restoring, the intercuspal distance of each tooth was measured by digital micrometer at 0, 30, 60 and 180 seconds after light curing. The average values were calculated and the amount of cuspal deflection obtained by subtracting the number acquired after the restoration from the number prior to restoration. The obtained data were analyzed in the related software using one-way ANOVA due to the normality of results. A P-value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: As evidenced by the obtained results, significant difference existed in cuspal deflection values among studied groups. Using pairwise Tukey's test, a significant difference was observed between the restored group using bulky technique with the application of G-Premio adhesive and the group that applied G-Premio adhesive using the incremental technique. Conclusion: Based on the results of the current study, clinical chair time can be reduced by the bulky application of bulkfill composite along with total etch and universal adhesives.

Introduction: Sense of coherence (SOC) is an effective factor in health-related behaviors. Mothers' SOC can influence health and consequently the orodental health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in their children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mother's SOC and OHRQoL in 3 to 5-year-old children in Sari, Iran. Materials and methods: A total of 190 children, along with their mothers, were selected out of those referring to the Touba Clinic in Sari. The SOC of mothers was assessed by Antonovsky's SOC-13 questionnaire, and the OHRQoL was evaluated using the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). The dmft index was also used to determine the status of dental caries in children. A p-value of <0. 05 was considered significant. Results: In this study, the mean scores of SOC, ECOHIS, and dmft index were 57. 13± 4. 9, 13. 8± 0. 4, and 7. 4± 1. 33, respectively. The dmft index correlated negatively with SOC (r=-0. 453, P≤ 0. 001) and positively with ECOHIS (r=0. 535, P≤ 0. 001). In this regard, with increasing the mean dmft in children, ECOHIS scores also increased, but SOC scores in mothers decreased. The ECOHIS also had a negative correlation with SOC (r=-0. 347, P≤ 0. 001); in other words, with increasing mothers' SOC scores, the scores of quality of life also decreased. Conclusion: Mothers' SOC significantly affected dental caries and quality of life in their children. Therefore, with the increase in maternal SOC, OHRQoL can be improved.

Introduction: Oral cavity a favorable environment for the growth and colonization of a wide range of bacteria. Plaques or dental biofilms are a wide variety of bacteria found on a tooth surface. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of Daphne Oleoides on bacteria isolated from dental plaque. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after the collection of dental plaques and isolation of bacteria, bacteria were identified using biochemical tests and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Leaves and stems of D. oleoides were collected in the growing season and dried in shadows. The aqueous, alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of D. oleoides were withdrawn using the classical extraction method. Thereafter, its antimicrobial effects on bacteria isolated from dental plaque were examined using the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Data were analyzed using Turkey’ s and Anova test (P<0. 05). Results: The obtained results of the present study confirmed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans in the collected dental plaques. The alcoholic extract demonstrated its highest antimicrobial activity against S. mutans with 20. 55± 1. 05 mm inhibition zone and a Minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of 0. 19 mg/ml. On the other hand, the lowest antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic extract was reported to be against S. epidermidis with 7. 4± 0. 5 mm inhibition zone and MLC 12. 5 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicated that the alcoholic extract of D. oleoides is able to withdraw antibacterial compounds on the bacteria which are responsible for oral infections.

Introduction: Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by its autoimmune response to platelet degradation. The manifestations in symptomatic patients include bruising and multiple bleeding caused by a decrease in the number of platelets. Case report: This case report presented a 75-year-old male patient referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases affiliated to the School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran, with a chief complaint of ill-fitting dentures in the last 10 days. The oral examination confirmed the presence of purpura and ecchymosis on the palate and two hemorrhagic bullae on the right mandibular ridge. Moreover, bruises and red macules were observed on his legs during the clinical examination. The patient was prescribed to receive an emergency blood test. He was referred to the hospital after the diagnosis of severe thrombocytopenia and the possible diagnosis of ITP or leukemia. Eventually, the diagnosis of ITP was confirmed, and he was subjected to a high dose corticosteroid therapy and chemotherapy with intravenous rituximab. The patient recovered fully after two follow-ups within one year. Conclusion: It is of utmost importance to do oral examinations in patients who have ill-fitting and old dentures since these elderly patients can be more prone to different blood dyscrasias. In some cases, oral changes are among the first manifestations of systemic diseases. Early diagnosis has a dramatic effect on the survival rate of the patients along with early referral for the treatment.