Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2001 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

INTRODUCTION: The transmission of staphylococcus aureus from hospital nasal carriers to patients has been well documented. Infection with S. aureus especially its methicillin-resistant strains would present a serious problem for patients and implementation of an infection control program for preventing the transmission and minimizing the antibiotic resistance is necessary. In this study the rate of nasal carrier of S.aureus and antibiotic resistance of isolates in Beasat hospital were studied MATERIALS & METHODS: In a prevalence study the specimens obtained from the anterior nares of 118 hospital personnel were cultured and the presence of S.aureus was determined by catalase and coagulase tests. Disk diffusion sensitivity test were performed for isolates. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that totally 43% of staff were nasal carriage of S. aureus. The percentage in various wards were as the following: Delivery room 55%, Gnycology 54%, ICU 50%, Surgery 44%, Emergency room 53%, New born nursery 38% and Operating room 37%. There was no significant association between sex and nasal carriage (P=0/7). There was some degree of association between years of service, age of staff and nasal carriage but it was not significant. The results of sensitivity tests showed that 100% of S.aureus strains were sensitive to vancomycin and rifampin, 92% to cyprofloxacin, 86% to cephalothin. 84% to cloxacillin, 80% to gentamicin and 59% to erythromycin. Sixteen percent of strains were resistant to methicillin and 8% were intermediately resistant to cyprofloxacin.CONCLUSION: With the exception of ICU staff, the prevalence of nasal carriage of S.aureus in Beasat hospital staff was in the ranges reported from other hospitals within or outside the country. The results of this study suggest a careful watch on ICU, rational use of cyprofloxacin and an analytical study in a larger scale to clarify the possible relation between years of service and nasal carriage of S.aureus.

INTRODUCTION: Being aware of the pathology and immunology of acute diarrhea in children can help to prevent and treat the disease. The aim of the present study was to isolate and determine sterotypes of bacterial agents causing acute diarrhea in children under Age 10. MATERIALS & METHODS: This study was descriptive cross sectional and was done during a two year period from Nov 1998 to Sep 2000. The statistical population was 544 children with the age range between 3months to 10 years in Hamadan and the country referred to clinics for stool culture. Salmonella and shigella species were isolated by culturing samples on selenite F and ss. agar. E.coli and yersinia species were isolated by culturing samples on EMB, PBS and CIN agar. Differentiated Biocemical tests and specific poly and monovalent antisera were used for identification of isolated serotypes. Data was analyaed using EP 16 software. RESULTS: From 544 examined samples 134 samples (24.6%) were postive for one type of pathogenic bacteria. The frequency for each pathogenic bacteria was as the following : Entropathogen E.coli (EPEC) 88 samples (65.8 %), Shigella 26 samples (19.5%), Salmonella 13 samples (9.5%). The results of serotyping showed that the most frequent E.coli serotype was Ecoli 055 (38.6) and the least frequent E.coli serotype was Ecoli 0119 (10.3%). The most frequent Salmonella serotypes were Paratifi B and tifi (3.8%) and the least frequent serotypes were paratifi A & C (0.77%).CONCLUSION: with respect ot the result of this study using modern techniques recognition and identification of bacterial agents causing childern diarrhea in diffenent geographical region is suggested.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary infection is one of the most common diseases of urinary system in children that can lead to infection, septicemia, hypertension, disability and death.The base of UTI diagnosis is urine culture but depestick test is rapid ,easier and available for primary study. The aim of the present study was validity assessment of urinary depestick test for diagnosis of children UTI.MATERIAL & METHODS: This study was discriptive analytic and performed in 1988 on children younger than 16 referred to children clinics of Ghaen and Valiasre hospitals in Hamadan and Toeeserkan. RESULTS: In urine positive culture patients, nitrate and leukocyte stares postivity was 56% and 25% respectively. Significant correlation was found between UTI, dipstick test positivity for nitrate and leukocyte stares.CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that dipstick tapes containing nitrate and leukocyte estrase are specific (98%) and have enough sensitivity (69.5%) to be used for children UTI diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION: Measuring blood pressure in children is of great value and the majority of physicians are not concern about that.This study was performed to clarify the causes of hypertension and the importance of its measurment in children.MATERIAL & METHODS: This study was reterospective and data was collected from the files of the patients referred to Shoaada hospital during 1998-2000. Hypertension diagnosis was based on standard definition of the disease. RESULTS: Among 137 recorded patients thirty-seven (27%) were heypertensive. Between hypertensive children twenty-eight (75.8%) were males and nine (24%) were females. The age range of patients was between 1.½ to 15 years. The age of the majority of patients was between 10-12. The youngest patient was a 1.½ years old boy who had nephrotic syndrom. The oldest one was a 15 years old girl with cushing syndrom. The causes and frequency of hypertension was as the following: renal disorder (67.6%), vascular disorder (19%), essential hypertension (8.8%), endocrine disorder (5.4%).CONCLUSION: Regarding the serious complications of hypertension and with respect to the result of this study annual measurment of blood pressure in children is suggested.

INTRODUCTION: Poisoning in all forms, intentional and accidental, are one of the relatively common causes of medical emergencies. Nowadays because of increasing the number of poisons and toxic drugs a great degree of attention has been focused on poisoning and it has been considered as a speciality in medicine. The aim of the present study was investigation of the prevalance of each type of poisoning and their influential factors. MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on the 240 poisoned patients(cases) admitted on tohid and Beasat hospitals in Sanandaj during May-october 1998. Data was collected by questionnaires and face to face interview with patients and their entourage and analyzed by Spss software using chi- square and fisher tests.RESULTS: Intentional and accidental poisoning constituted 54.6 % (131 cases) and 34.4% (109 cases) of poisoned cases respectively. The age of most of intentional poisoned cases (65.6%) was between 15-24. Most of the accidental poisonings (39.4%) occurred in children younger than 5 years old. There was significant relationship between age and sex of patients and the kind of poisoning. Intentional poisoning was more frequent in women (60.3%) and accidental poisoning occurred more in men (74.3%).There was a significant relationship between intentional poisoning and the presence of one type of psychiatric disorders. The most prevalent psychiatric disorders were major depression and adjustment disorders. Adjustment disorder was observed in 69.5% of intentional poisoned cases.CONCLUSION: The high rate of intentional poisoning in this study which is in contrast to those reported by others and involvement of 39.5% of intentional poisoned cases in adjustment disorder (acute life stress reaction ) is a matter that must be considered in public health training .

INTRODUCTION: Nursing staff have important role in health and treatment in medical systems. This study was carried out among nursing staff of Sanandaj hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan university of medical sciences to investigate the rate of occupational burnout .MATERIALS & METHODS: with respect to the limitations of statistical population 277 employees (99 males & 178 females ) filled out the Geldard Burnout Inventory (GBI) by census method and collected data was analyzed by SPSS. 10 software. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that in 0.7% of the subjects under study the amount of burnout was low , in 96.4% it was high and 2.9% it was the highest. The highest mean of occupational burnout was belong to the following staff. Those who affiliated to Ghods-hospital, staff with the age range between 30-35, those who had 5-9 years work record, male nursing staff, fixed night shift staff , CCU staff and those staff whose education was under diploma.CONCLUSION: It looks that occupational burnout is a common phenomena among helping staff and a number of variables including work place conditions, job satisfaction, occupational stress, job experince and overtime working may affect that.

INTRODUCTION: Female anopheles can act as a vector for malaria. Determination of fauna of anopheles has an important role in detection of the vectors of anopheles in each district. This study was done in 2001 during a six months period in eight cities of Kurdistan province to determine the anopheles fauna.MATERIAL & METHODS: Anopheles were hunted by total catch and ladle catch and their species were determined. RESULTS: One thousand seven hundred and twenty five anopheles including following species were hunted. 1- An. superpictus 2- An. maculipennis 3- An. sacharovi 4-An. sergenti 5- An. claviger 6-An. algeriennis. 7- An. marteri. The most prevalent species (>50%) were superpicuts. The most aboundant anophel larves was belong to permanent waters with gentle flow. In this study four anophele species were hunted which had not been caught in the former study in 1994.CONCLUSION: With regard to the high prevalnce of superpictos anopleles in the province, their nifection by falciparum parasite can lead to malaria.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common diseases in all communities. Seeondary prevention including application of all Possible facilities to prevent the disease from getting worse is of great importance. This study was performed in order to compare the effect of heparinized distilled water and normal saline solution in preventing the obstruction of venous cannula because of clott formation. MATERIAL & METHODS: This study was RCT and the population under study was two groups (n=30) of patients admitted to CCU and cardiology wards of tohid hospital that were selected randomly. Sampling was done by single blind method and information was registered in the questionnare and checklists. After removing heparin and serum and recovery of the patients their cannula were filled by solutions. Blood returning to the end of cannula was checked each 8 hours and heparin lock or saline lock was done for lateer control.RESULTS: The results of this study showed significant difference between two groups (P ≤ 0.05) regarding blood returning to the end of cannula. With respect to the the result of this study we cancluded that heparinized distilled water is more effective than normal saline solution in preventing venous connula obstruction.