Armaghane Danesh
Year:2016 | Volume:21 | Issue:3 (110)|Papers Count:12

Background & aim: Lately, it has been demonstrated that the signaling by the α7 nicotinic receptors produces the anti-inflammatory condition in both macrophages and T cells. Moreover, activation of macrophages and T cells play an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, the therapeutic effect of nicotine on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, and its effects on T-helper cells responses was evaluated.Methods: In the present experimental study, EAE was induced by homogenised guinea pig spinal cord and complete Freund’s adjuvant in wistar rats. Animals were allocated in two therapeutic groups (n=7 per group). Treatment with nicotine (2.5 mg/kg-daily) was started in treatment group when the treatment group developed a disability score (at day 12). At the same time, the control group received only the solvent with the same program. Signs of disease were recorded daily until the day 36 when animals were sacrificed. The Splenocytes were checked for proliferation by MTT test and cytokine production by ELISA. The level of nitric oxide in serum was checked by griess test. The data was analyzed using the Student t test and Mann-Whitney U.Results: Nicotine administration in the treatment group significantly reduced the clinical symptoms after the onset of symptoms. Simultaneously with the decrease of the level of serum nitric oxide, nicotine significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 and IFN-γ. The levels of antiinflammatory IL-10 were not changed significantly. Lymphocyte proliferation was significantly decreased in treatment group compared to control group Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that nicotine had immune modulatory effects and could be used to control MS disease.

Back ground & aim: Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) is a native medicinal plant of Iran which its rhizome has been traditionally used for treatment of bowel spasm and diarrhea. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice rhizome on mechanical activity of isolated colon of male rats.Methods: In the present experimental study, the colon tissue of 10 adult male rats were dissected and divided into two groups: experimental and control. Each group consisted of 10 strips of tissue.Then, the mechanical activity of tissue strips were recorded by power lab A-D instrument in basal condition, and after administration of phenylephrine and epinephrine and propranolol in the presence and absence of licorice rhizome extract (with effective dose 0.036 mg/ml). Moreover, the mechanical activity of control group strips were recorded at the same condition with extract solvent (ethanol %70). Data were analyzed statistically with using the SPSS software version 19 using Independent-Samples t-test.Result: The mechanical activity of tissue in presence of extract and epinephrine significantly decreased (p≤0.05) compared to the control group. While the mechanical activity in the presence of extract and propranolol significantly increased (p≤0.05) compared to the control group. However, no significant modification was observed in the mechanical activity of the tissue in the presence of phenylephrine and extract compared to the control group.Conclusion: According to the present study, it could be concluded that hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice maybe has modifying effect on colon motility via synergist effect with beta adrenergic receptors and independent of the alpha adrenergic receptors.

Background & aim: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most important neurotrophin that leads to the development of metabolic syndrome. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor directly associated with conditions such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's and depression. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training on Neutrophic factor derived from the rats' brain, insulin and resistance to insulin.Methods: In the present experimental study, 24 male Dawley rats with age of 8 weeks and mean weight of 72.280 ± 43.31 gr were randomly divided into two groups of endurance training and control groups. Before starting the study, the rats were put in day period for agreeableness to the new environment and the activities during the treadmill. During the eight weeks, the endurance training group on treadmill without inclination (slope of zero) with a speed of 8 to 20 meters per minute for 60 minutes per session ran for three times a week. The control group had no exercise during the study period.24 hours after the last training session at the end of eight weeks, the rats were sacrificed to measure the parameters of the study to examine the biochemical changes which caused by the effect of endurance training. Using independent t test data were analyzed.Results: The eight weeks endurance training had no significant effects on independent neurotrophic factors of rats brain (p=0.11) However, the eight weeks of endurance training significantly reduced insulin (p=0.005) and insulin resistance (p=0.001).Discussion: According to the results of the study, it was concluded that endurance training (exercise protocol used) was suitable for insulin and insulin resistance, but was not suitable to increase the brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Background & aim: Gestational diabetes is defined as diagnosing impaired glucose tolerance for the first time during pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of aerobic and resistance training on fasting blood sugar, insulin and insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes.Methods: A total of 34 women with gestational diabetes voluntarily participated in the present Semi- experimental interventional study, which were selected from the available sampling pool.The participants were randomly assigned into 3 groups.12 participants (age 28.92 ± 3.60 years) participated in an aerobic training group (3 days/week, 30-45 min/day, 50-70%maximum heart rate), 11 participants (age 30.27 ± 4.14 years) participated in a resistance training group (3 days/week, 2-3 set of 15 repetition, 50-70%maximum heart rate and Rating of perceived exertion), and 11 participants (age 29.18 ± 4.23 years) were in control group who did not participate in any exercise program during the study period. Blood samples were collected in the pre-test and posttest to assess the level of blood sugar and insulin. Statistical analysis of covariance was used to compare the groups. The data were analyzed by the SPSS software (ver.23. The significant level was considered p≤0.05.Results: The results of the present study showed a significant difference in insulin plasma levels (p=0.031), insulin resistance index (p=0.008) and insulin sensitivity among groups. T-test results indicated a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar of resistance group (p=0.12) but no increase was observed in the aerobic group. At the levels of insulin, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, no significant changes were observed in exercise group.Conclusion: It was concluded that resistance training compared with aerobic training was more effective in reducing fasting glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes.

Background & aim: The consumption of food supplements in order to eliminate oxidative damages induced by exercise are common among athletes. Previous studies have shown that bovine colostrum has antioxidant properties, but no study has ever been done to evaluate its effectiveness on Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. The aim of study was to investigate the effects of bovine colostrum along with aerobic and anaerobic exercise on Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in male Wistar rats.Methods: In the present experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (control, colostrum supplement, aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, colostrum supplements and aerobic exercise, colostrum supplements and anaerobic exercise). Colostrum group received daily for ten weeks dosing 300 mg /kg bovine colostrum powder orally. Exercising groups worked out three times a week for a period of 10 weeks on a custom-made treadmill for rodents. Blood samples were taken before and 24 hours after the last exercise session on an empty stomach. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, One Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey at a<0.05.Results: The plasma levels of oxidative stress index (MDA) in all groups except colostrum supplement and anaerobic exercise compared with the control group was significantly reduced (p<0.05). The antioxidant capacity in all groups except anaerobic exercise group compared with the control group was significant increased (p<0.05).Conclusions: The results indicated that colostrum supplementation with ten weeks of aerobic exercise had better effect on the control of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity compared to anaerobic exercise.

Background & aim: Breast cancer entails 10% of all cancers in the world. Among all types of cancers, 30 percent of women are infected with breast cancer. Non-coding of long RNA (lncRNA) is a new group of known genes in the human genome transcribed from large parts of the genome of eukaryotes and play an important role in the regulation of different biological processes. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression level of GAS5 lncRNA and NEAT1 in normal and neoplastic samples from breast cancer patients by RT-qPCR.Methods: In the present case-control study, 40 samples from patients with breast cancer tumor and 40 patients from non-tumor under the direct supervision of a pathologist specialist due to clinical presentation and laboratory findings were collected. After extracting DNA from normal and tumor tissues, cDNA synthesis method according to the protocol and RT-qPCR was performed by SYBR®Premix Ex TaqTM II kit. LncRNA expression levels of genes GAS5 and NEAT1 was calculated using DDCT. Data were analyzed using t-test.Results: The results of Real Time Reverse transcription-PCR indicated that partial expression levels of GAS5 lncRNA gene in tumor samples compared to normal GAS5 lncRNA of the gene, decreasing the expression, and the mean relative expression levels of lncRNA and NEAT1 gene in tumor samples compared to normal was overexpressed. These variation gene expression of LncRNA related to GAS5 about 1.5 times and 2 times to lncRNA from NEAT1 gene was observed respectively.Conclusion: Due to the previous reports, these lncRNAs act as tumor suppressor in breast cancer and had differential expression in tumor and normal tissues, which could be used as biomarker for cancer diagnosis.Moreover, expression of these lncRNAs in different breast cancer subtypes and patient with other blood raises the importance of this molecules as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Background & aim: Mentally retarded children need more care on quality of life, therefore the family plays an important role, but the results indicate low levels of quality of life for these children and their families. The present study aimed to measure the quality of life in mothers of educable mentally retarded daughter motivated provide a model to measure quality of life and understanding of issues affecting the design. An attempt to investigate and describe the factors affecting the quality of family life with a disability and the relationship between these indicators and how to measure them families with children with mental retardation.Methods: The research method was descriptive-analytic. The sample consisted of 75 mothers with a mentally retarded daughter who were participated in this study through census sampling. By studying literature, the related texts criteria of quality of life were extracted. All study information of participants was obtained by standard questionnaires. Using correlation analysis techniques, univariate regression, logistic regression analysis were analyzed through structural equations.Results: The results indicated that the performance of family (family interactions, parenting, mental health and physical) capabilities mother (resilience and aggression), personal beliefs and quality of life of families with disabled children influenced it. Personal beliefs are an important determinant of quality of life.Conclusion: The results of structural equation modeling and corresponding indexes indicated that the proposed model based on experimental data fitting was good and desirable product was in compliance with the conceptual model.

Background & aim: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as nosocomial pathogens have been causing severe and deadly diseases around the world. Coagulase is an important virulence factor for this bacterium and exisist in all staphylococcus aureus isolates. In recent years, studies carried out into the effects of medicinal plants, nanoparticles against bacteria and pathogenic bacteria’s expression genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of satureja mutica hydroalcoholic extract, zinc oxide nanoparticle, and zinc complex on the coagulase gene expression in clinical and standard isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, using micro dilution and MTT, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of hydro-alcoholic extracts of satureja mutica and zinc oxide nanoparticles were tested against MRSA strains. By polymerase chain reaction ((RT- PCR) coa gene expression in satureja mutica extract and zinc oxide nanoparticles treated were qualitatively evaluated. Data were analyzed using statistical tests Results: The MIC of hydro alcoholic extract of Satureja mutica for standard strains and clinical S. aureus were 3000 and 1500 mg/ml respectively, whereas, the MIC of nanoparticle zinc oxide on Standards and clinical isolates were 40 and 20 mg/ml. The hydro alcoholic extract of Satureja mutica on MIC concentration has significant inhibitory effect on coagulase gene expression but no effect was seen for clinical and standard MRSA.Conclusion: The results show a decline in the coa gene expression in vitro by RT- PCR method using satureja mutica, but no effect on gene expression Housekeeping arc C. An inhibitory effect was observed on bacterial growth by zinc oxide nanoparticles, but no inhibitory effect on gene expression was seen.

Background & aim: Chédiak–Higashi syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immune deficiency, bleeding diathesis, recurrent bacterial infections, albinism dynamic and progressive neurological disorder, as well as major organs such as the liver and spleen lymphocytic infiltration is determined. The aim of this study was to report a case of a rare manifestation of the disease.Case Report: The case-study in the present report was a 4-month-old female that two months after vaccination had intermittent fever associated with fever, weakness, which lasted more than a week. After blood tests, ultrasound and examination of blood cells, Chédiak–Higashi syndrome diagnosis was made. In terms of blood cells, pancytopenia, platelets and fresh frozen plasma were administered to the patient to prevent bleeding. After Buttock infections, the patient was suffering from septicemia and septic shock followed by a lack of response to resuscitation and cardiopulmonary arrest and then died.Conclusion: In this patient all Chediak Higashi syndrome, including long fever, loss of appetite, frequent infections, albinism variable and multiple neurological deficit was seen. Chdyak Higashi syndrome is treatable with early diagnosis and bone marrow transplantation.