INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES (THE JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES)
Year:2002 | Volume:9 | Issue:1|Papers Count:3

Pathological reactions to traumatic events have been reported in the literature for more than one hundred years. Parental loss as a traumatic event leads to a measurable degree of symptomatic disorder. The present study aims to determine the role of personality characteristics of children and adolescents who have lost their parents in the occurrence of PTSO symptoms in these subjects, and to specify which demographic variables, types of parental loss, type of personality and other relevant variables are predictor factors for PTSO. One hundred and forty four children and adolescents who had lost their parents were studied. From the total sample, 39 were survivors whose parent(s) died through the 1990 earthquake in Iran and were considered as a study group. One hundred and five children, who had lost their parents through natural death, divorce or, separation in Tehran, were considered as a comparison group. Three research instruments (CPTSO-RI, CAPS, and JEPQ) were used in this study. The results of the study showed that 48.7% of the study group and 20% of the comparison group met the criteria for PTSO symptoms. Subjects who had lost their parents through death were more at risk than children and adolescents whose parents were divorced or separated. In this particular study, girls reported a higher level of PTSO symptoms than boys. Multiple exposure to the traumatic events was found to be a factor of importance in predicting PTSO. Subjects with higher scores on Neuroticism and Psychoticism were more likely to show PTSO symptoms, whereas children and adolescents with higher scores on the Extroversion were less likely to meet the criteria for PTSD symptoms.

Despite the fact that many of Shakespeare"s plots are adopted from the chronicles or other stories written hy other writers, today almost all of his critics agree that what marks the superiority of his plays over the same imitated stories is his genius in creating characters, situations and atmospheres through which he renders and vivifies his universal and humanistic concepts and themes effectively. With regard to the above-mentioned point, this essay is meant to focus on two major issues from a structuralist point of view: First it will elaborate on Shakespeare"s creation of character foils which contrihutes to the vivid depiction of the key characters and the presentation of their overt or covert motivations. Second, the article will concentrate on Shakespeare"s particular technique of creating counter-scenes which serves as a means to characterization and the enhancement of the major themes. (Of course, by counter-scenes the writer means parallel scenes as we1I as the opposite ones.)

The aim of this study has been law-seeking and is based on the application of a spatial socio-economic approach in a theoretical and applied procedure including Iran and its provincial subdivisions" capabilities in recent years. Therefore, the provided context, figures and tables would document that the province of Tehran is leading as first ranking ones, and there are no other cases that should be categorized as the second group of this even-step classification. In addition, the provinces of Khorasan and Esfahan have been identified as the third group of this social explanation. The remaining twenty three provinces of our country have been ranked as the underdeveloped cases. As a matter of economic aspect in this study, its pattern also followed the social rankings of Iran"s provinces. But, as an exception East Azarbaiejan would be included as the third group of this economic categorization. Accordingly, a comprehensive national and regional planning to develop our country"s socio-economic capabilities would overally be needed in the near fu tu re.