JOURNAL OF GORGAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2006 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 (19)|Papers Count:13

Background & Objective: Herbal remedies are suitable alternatives for synthetic drugs due to their availability, minimal side effects and lower price. Biologically active substances of plant origin represent an essential branch of modem cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. The aim of the present study was to determine concentration-dependent effects of aqueous extract of Croucus sativus on the nodal basic and functional properties.Materials & Methods: This was an experimental study. Male Newsland rabbits (1-1.3 kg) were used in all of experiments; various experimental stimulating protocols (WBCL, Recovery, Facilitation, Fatigue) were applied to assessing electrophysiological properties of Node in two groups (first group n=10 and second group n=7). We used isolated preparation including some post up AV-nodal tissue preparation. All protocols were repeated in the presence and absence (control) of different concentration (A=9x 10-2, B=19x10-2, C=28x10-2 mg/l) of Croucus sativus and verapamil (0.1mM). Results were shown as Mean ±SE and a probability of 5% was taken to indicate statistical significance.Results: Our results showed concentratration dependent depressant effects of extract of Croucus.s on Wenchebach Cycle, Length (WBCL), AV Conduction Time (AVCT), Functional Refractory Periods (FRP).Rate-dependent properties such as Facilitation and fatigue significantly increased by 19x10-2 mg/l of Croucus.s. The effect of extract was prominent on fast pathway.Conclusion: The above results indicated potential antiarrhythmic effect of Croucus.s in treating supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.

Background & Objective: Ascorbic acid, an antioxidant vitamin, is found throughout the mammalian central nervous system. Although, the centeral role of ascorbic acid is unclear, but there is good evidence that ascorbic acid modulates opiate withdrawal syndrome. This study was done to determine the effect of ascorbic acid (AA.) on naloxone-induced withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent guinea-pigs.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, male guinea-pigs (300-400 g; 8-10 animals/group) were rendered dependent on morphine by subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of morphine sulfate 3 times a day for 3 days, and withdrawal signs were induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of naloxone (15 mg/kg) 2 h after the tenth injection of morphine suifate on day 4; then animals were placed individually into a cylindrical glass (25 cm in diameter, 180 cm height) and the withdrawal signs were recorded over a 60-min period.Results: Chronic pretreatment of guinea-pigs with AA, 200 mg/kg, S.c.3 times daily for 3 days, reduced withdrawal jumping, digging, writhing, rearing, face washing, head and body shakes, penile licking and diarrhea. The mixed dopamine D1/D2 receptor agonist apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) markedly antagonized the inhibitory effect of A.A. on the withdrawal signs.The effect of apomorphine was blocked by the dopamine Dl receptor antagonist SCH23390 (0.5 and 1mg/kg, i.p.) but not by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (50 mg/kg, s.c.) nor the peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist domperidone (1 mg/kg, s.c.).Conclusion: It is concluded that chronic administration of ascorbic acid inhibits opiate withdrawal, via a central dopamine D1 receptor mechanism.

Background & Objective: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Iran and there are different systemic and local treatments for this disease. There is continuous investigation for finding the most efficient and economical method with little side effects for the treatment of cutaneous leishemaniasis. For this purpose we performed a comparative study between intralesional glucantime injection and cryotherapy in the treatment of papular cutaneous leishmaniasis.Materials & Methods: In this clinical trial 47 patients with papular cutaneous leishmaniasis refered to dermatology clinic of Ghaem hospital in Mashhad were assayed. All patients had positive direct smears. They divided randomly in two groups. First group treated by weekly intralesional glucantime injection and second group treated by weekly cryotherapy. The length of therapy for two groups was 5 weeks. Two groups were followed for 1.5 months after the last week of the treatment.Results: Thirty eight patients completed the study, 21 patients with 35 lesions and 17 patients with 36 lesions were treated by interalesional injection of glucantime and cryotherapy respectively. Clinically in interalesional glucantime group 37.1% of lesions and in cryotherapy group 22.2% of lesions completely cured.The difference between two groups was not statistically significant using chi-square test.Conclusion: Cryotherapy in comparison with interalesional glucantime injection is equally effective and also is cheaper with little side effect.

Background & Objective: Transurethral resection of prostate (TUR-P) is the Gold standard therapy in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Urinary tract infections are one of the most important complications of this method. Prophylactic antibiotic regimen and the duration in preventing the infections are controversial.This study was designed to compare three different prophylactic regimens in TUR-P.Materials & Methods: In this interventional study, patients with sterile urine analysis and culture prior to TUR-P were classified in to three groups (A, B and C). One single-dose Keflin was prescribed before the operation. Four additional doses of Keflin were given to group B patients after TUR-P. Group C was similar to group B but Ciprofloxacin was given to them until catheter removal. Data were analyzed with SPSS-11.5. x2 test and ANOVA were used. P-value less than 0.05 considered significant.Results: The incidence of positive urine cultures in group A, Band C were 35%, 20% and 11.5%, respectively. No significant relationship was seen between UTI and antibiotic regiments.Conclusion: There was not any significant relationship between UTI and different regimens; although UTI rate was lower in the group with longer duration of the prophylaxis. Complementary studies are suggested for application of this regimen.

Background & Objective: 15-20% of TB cases are; extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Abdominal TB is the most common type of extra intestinal TB. Signs; and symptoms of abdominal TB are unspecific. In this; study, we identified all GITB cases in Golestan province (Iran) between 1999 and 2003 and determined their demographic characteristics. Materials & Methods: We reviewed all new cases of TB reported during 1999-2003 from TB centers of Golestan province. Then EPTB and especially GI and abdominal TB cases were selected. We completed a questionnaire containing demographic information for each of them. The information entered the computer in SPSS-13 was used to analyze the data.Results: 30 patients had been treated for GI and abdominal TB, most of them were females (22 cases, 73.3%). Mean age of the patients was 32.03±13.73 with higher incidence in age before 40 years old (70%). Most common complaints of the patients were fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, fever and abdominal pain, respectively. In 66.7% of patients the diagnosis was pathologically documented.Conclusion: Our data suggest that 38.46% of all TB cases in Golestan province were EPTB, and this scale is higher than other studies. In this study, 5.27% of EPTB cases were GI and abdominal TB, higher than the world reports (3%).

Background & Objective: Stress in managers will effect and destroy the immune system on mental health. Clinical studies have revealed that, social support is one of the moderating factors of negative effect of stress on immune system. The aim of this research was study the correlation between social support and immune system of high school managers in khozestan province.Materials & Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 360 male and femal managers who were participated. Then randomly two groups (n=80 in each group) of low and high social support were selected. Subjects who suffered from disorders that affected the immune system were excluded. Number of T-helper cells (CD4), T-suppressor cytotoxic cell (CD8), Natural killer cells (CD56+CD16), Complement system (C3, C4, CH50), Immunoglobulin M and G (IgM&IgG), cortisol hormone, Eosinophils, Neutrophils and Lymphocytes were measured. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between social support and CD4, CD4/CD8, NK cell (CD56+CDI6), CH50, IgM and Neutrophils. Also there was a significant negative correlation between social support and CD8, cortisol and Eosinophils. There was a significant difference between high and low social support managers in CD4, CD4/CD8, CD8, cortisol, CH50, C4, C3 and Lymphocytes.Conclusion: The results indicated that social support has a positive significant correlation with those immune cells that improve the immune system and has a negative correlation with those immune cells that decrease the immune system. In fact the social support is a moderating factor angainst stress and its negative effects on immune system.

Background & Objective: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world, The prevalence rate in developing countries is higher than developed countries, and also affecting large number of child and women. The main purpose of this study was to promo the knowledge, attitude and practice of girl student in Ghaemshahr in order to prevent iron deficiency anemia.Materials & Methods: This study was an educational intervention to evaluate the effect of education on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (K.A.P) in intervention and control groups (each group: 300) among female students in Ghaemshahr. The data was gathered using a questionnaire (include the demographic information, some of question related to knowledge, attitude, practice. K.A.P were assessed before and also 1.5 month after implementation of educational program using the questionnaire, collected data was analyzed by SPSS (11.5), STATA (8.0). Results: There was not significant difference between K.A.P in study group before implementation of educational intervention, but there is a significant increase between K.A.P after interventional education in intervention group. Educational intervention was promoted knowledge mounting to 15 score, 5 score to promote attitude and 1.6 score to improve the practice.There was significant relation between mother education, father job with their knowledge and class with their attitude, also mother education with their practice.Conclusion: The results indicated that improvement of knowledge could prevent iron deficiency anemia, thus emphasis on the health education in adolescent age is necessary to promote K.A.P.

Background & Objective: Celiac is a digestive disease. In this disease, small bowel is damaged and the absorption of nutrients are adversely affected. These patients do not absorb gluten. There is probably a correlation between esophagus cancer and celiac. The aim of this research was to study the seroepidemiology celiac disease in this area with high prevalence of esophagus cancer.Materials & Methods: This research was a descriptive study, which was performed on blood donors in Golestan province during the year 2005-06. blood samples were taken from 2547 subjects. tTG-IgA determination were carried out using ElISA technique, the titre<4U/ml, 4-10U/ml and> 10Umll were considered to be as negative, weakly positive and positive respectively. EMA antibody assessment was carried out on all sample population with more than 4U/ml, using IFA method.Results: 28 subjects (1.1%) had tTG-Ab positive test, out of this number 18 subjects (0.7%) were weakly positive and 10 persons (0.4%) were considered to be positive. EMA test were positive in 70% of subjects with tTG positive results. There was not any significant meaning between positive tTG test and ethnicity from weakly positive tTG, 15 subjects (83.3%) and 3 subjects (16.7%) were male and female respectively. The entire tTG positive were male subjects. Conclusion: In regard to high prevalence of esophagus cancer in the region and the relation of celiac disease with above cancer, it seems necessary to look more seriously at the celiac disease.

Background & Objective: Vibrio species are oxidase positive, gram negative bacilli that predominantly reside in surface waters such as lakes, rivers. They cause predominantly intestinal diseases as well as a few extra-intestinal complications. Vibrio-related diseases often rise during natural disasters such as floods. Vibrio cholerae cause cholera- in humans. In this study, the occurance of Vibrio cholerae in the surface waters of Golestan province, was investigated. Materials & Methods: The APW and TCBS agar culture media were used for primary isolation of Vibrio cholerae and the exact species identification were done by performing the following tests; oxidase reaction, growth in 0%, 1%, 3%, 6% salt solution, lysine and ornithine decarboxylase, Arginine dehydrolase, ONPG and VP test, simmon citrate, bile esculin, indole, CAMP reaction, string test and specific antisera to V.cholerae 01. to confirm the findings, the special antiserum Ogawa and Inaba, were used.Results: We were able to isolate 42 Vibrio spp. From a total of 54 water samples collected. The species included 35 non-01 V.cholerae (84.2%), 2 V.mimicus (2.63%) and 5 V.cholerae 01 (13.1%) isolat. Conclusion: This study confirmed the existence of Vibrio cholerae 01 in 9% of samples from surface waters of Golestan province.

Dystonia, a serious side effect of antipsychotic drugs, has two kinds of acute and chronic (tardive). The tardive kind has been the focus of attention recently, but a proved therapy has not been found. This kind is more serious and has poorer prognosis than the early onset type. The patient who is presented, is a man with 23 years of age who was hospitalized for the first time in 2002 while having paranoid schizophrenia symptoms. During the same period he has received antipsychotic drugs (Rispridon, perphenazin) and after being discharged, just a daily dose of 16 mg perphenazin was used. Since March of 2003 he has been afflicted with progressive neck tilting which was very disturbing and troublesome and was hospitalized with the diagnosis of tardive dystonia. The proposed drugs in psychiatric references were not effective finally he received ECT for 6 sessions which showed dramatic improvement. There was no relapse of symptoms after discharging the patient and restarting antipsychotic drug (Clozapin).There has not been any relapse in his dystonia afterward. The purpose of this article was to introduce an effective treatment for tardive dystonia.