Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
Year:2019 | Volume:23 | Issue:92 |Papers Count:12

Using spatial econometrics to investigate the factors affecting the share of cheese brands in the Mashhad market can improve the standard econometric degradation. In this research, we have been trying to select a model that considers spatial communication between brands (with emphasis on diversity). The results of the SAC pattern estimated for the share of the Kalleh showed that the Kalleh diversity has a positive and significant relation with the share of the Kalleh, and the other variety of brands (Pegah and Sabah) has a negative and significant relationship. Also, the price of the Kalleh with the share of the Kalleh has a negative and significant relationship. The results of the SEM pattern estimated for Pegah share showed that Kalleh and Sabah diversity had a negative and significant relation with the share of Pegah cheese and Pegah diversity had a positive and significant relation with Pegah’ s share. The results of the SDM pattern estimated for Sabah showed Kalleh and Pegah variety have a negative and significant relation with the share of Sabah cheese and Sabah variety has a positive and significant relation with Sabah’ s share. The price of Kalleh has a negative and significant relationship with Sabah’ s share. Sabah also has a negative (statistically meaningless) relation with Sabah prices. Based on this research, it can be suggested that the brands of Kalah, Pegah and Sabah should increase the focus on cheese diversity in order to increase their share in Mashhad cheese market.

The career and family interference conflicts have existed from the past, but today it has become more widespread than before, and this research attempts to design a model of dynamic systems of double contradictions, the work-family conflict, and the family-work dimensions for construction project professionals. In order to design a proposal based on the dynamic approach, Vensim software has been used. First, based on theoretical and theoretical foundations, the components that affect the conflict between work-family and family-work conflict were identified. Then, based on the equation between identified variables, a dynamic model of work-family conflict and family-work conflict was presented. The simulation results showed that construction project professionals experience a high level of work-family conflict. It was also found that improvement in occupational flexibility and organizational support can have a positive impact on the satisfaction and performance of construction project professionals from the point of view of work and family. In addition, improving family support significantly improves their job satisfaction.

In this research, the multi-channel marketing strategies of Sabah’ s dairy company have been evaluated with the combined approach of ANP fuzzy and TOPSIS. To this end, firstly, by investigating the research literature and using marketing and sale experts opinion, the factors influencing multi-channel marketing strategies were identified and then ranked according to their significance by Fuzzy ANP method, then based on the results, the sale channels of the Sabah company been ranked by TOPSIS method. In this regard, five types of questionnaires have been used to collect the required data. After collecting data, the questionnaire was coded and then analyzed by Win QSB, Excel, and SPSS software. The results show that among the factors influencing multi-channel marketing strategies, the “ cost of returning goods” is the most important factor, followed by “ trust between channels, ” the cost of channel coordination” , “ the conflict between channels” , “ the voice of the customer obtained Channels” , “ Channel market share” , “ Channel opportunity” , “ Channel profit margins” , “ Channel visibility” , “ Cost of seizing various channels of the market” , “ Timely delivery of products in channels” , “ Required inventory In channels” , “ Customer loyalty in channels” , “ Attractiveness for potential customers” and, “ Exclusivity of channels” are ranked by experts. Finally, by reviewing various sales channels, the “ Sales channel through distribution companies” is primarily important, and then the “ Sales channel through bankers” and “ Sales channel through key customers” ranked respectively.

In this paper, we present a bi-objective mathematical model of location-routing problem with soft time windows for perishable products. The first objective is to minimize costs and the second objective is to maximize products shelf-life. In order to validate the proposed model, some random numerical examples produced by using previous papers. The problem is coded in the GAMS environment and solved using Augmented Epsilon-Constraint method. Because of NP-hardness of location-routing problem, the NSGA-II meta-heuristic method has been proposed to solve large scale problems in a reasonable time. Computational results proves good performance of the proposed algorithm.

Dividend policy is one of the most important firms’ fiscal policies that is considered by researchers due to affecting financing and investing policy. The type of dividend policy in one side is related to firms’ performance and financial caractiristics and on the other side to capital market regulations and corporate governance, in which firms’ ability to affect industry market is an important factor. So present research approaches to investigate relationship between market concentration and power with firms’ dividend policy in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period of 2010 to 2015. In the study, Lerner adjusted index, as a measure of market power and Herfindahl-Hirschman index, for measuring of market concentration are used. Analysis of the panel data structure and testing of logistic and multiple regression models have been carried out. The findings indicate significant positive relationship between market concentration and power with payout decisions. On the other hand, the relationship between market power and concentration with dividend payout ratio are statisticaly significant as well. That means increasing in market power and concentration lead to increase firms’ tendency of dividend policy.

In this paper, a fuzzy multi-objective sustainable model is presented to select and allocate the order to supplier in uncertainty conditions and in a multi-period, multi-source, and multi-product cases at two levels of supply chain with pricing considerations. First objective function considered in this study as the measures to evaluate the suppliers are the purchase, transportation, and ordering costs. Second objective function considered employment rate and third objective function considered pollution rate. Employment and pollution rate parameters in the model are considered as uncertain and random triangular fuzzy number. A case study in engine oil industry in Zanjan province considered and the epsilon-constraint method is used to solve the small size of this problem and sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine the accuracy and validity of the proposed method.

One of the most important reasons for economic development in each country is financing system to transfer funds to the investors, enterprises and projects. Financing system forms in financial markets such as money market and capital markets. The speed of liquidity in capital market causes to pay more attention to securities transactions. OTC as one of the major sections in capital markets for securities transactions. Transactions in OTC are formal contract. It means that some special forms are necessary. In this article we study the options that can be used in OTC transactions and also we determine the options that cannot be assumed.

Research on the long experience of privatization in the country claims that the main privatization objectives such as accelerating economic development, improving competitiveness, restructuring and modernizing companies etc. have not been accomplished properly in most cases, so that sometimes some of the companies already privatized, have encountered a lot of problems after the assignment. The main objective of this paper is to detect the factors and components, important for the implementation of privatization programs. To this end, the theoretical foundations and experiences of some countries in the world and Iran in area of privatization were examined and based of which, 10 dimensions were extracted as components of privatization. Afterwards, these dimensions were verified through a questionnaire, whose reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’ s alpha for all the variables, considered by a set of assignment specialists, experts in the affairs of the executive bodies of the affiliated companies in area of assignment of governmental enterprises and the privatization organization and the importance of each dimension was determined based on the results of the survey and the statistical methods, then analyzed using SPSS software, and ultimately the ultimate model of privatization was presented as a conceptual model, and then the degree of adaptation of privatization programs in the country was compared with that pattern in order to state the shortcomings of the existing state. The strategic model of privatization in the final model has eight dimensions. The outcomes of the research also demonstrate that these dimensions, which are necessary for successful implementation of privatization plans are ignored in our country.

The existence of asymmetric information in the banking system will cause adverse selection and moral hazard. They will result inefficiency in the financial system. The inefficiency in the financial system will negatively affect the performance of the real sector of the economy. Therefore, the main aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of asymmetric information in the banking system on rate of interest and Inflation and foreign trade. Hence, based on the New-Keynesian framework, a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model was adopted in accordance with the structure of the economy of Iran. The desired model includs eight sectors such as households, firms, banks, central bank, oil, the government, exports, imports, and other countries of the world. By using the Bayesian method and data gathered from Iran during 1974-2014, the parameters of equations are estimated and the impact of enhancing the asymmetric information was investigated. The results of this study indicate that increasing the asymmetric information in the banking system increases the cost of banks. Consequently, increases rate of interest. Subsequently, this increase in the rate of interest in the first two years will reduce consumption, investment, exports, imported consumer goods and inflation, but as time goes on, increasing asymmetric information and the rate of interest will increase inflation (because decline in production exceeds the decline in demand).