Anatomical Sciences Journal
Year:2010 | Volume:8 | Issue:31|Papers Count:10

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HMT on protection of lung tissue exposed to HD in the rat. Materials and Methods: In this study twenty Albino Wister adult male rats weighting 200±20 gram were used. Rats divided randomly into 4 groups (each group has 5 rats) as below: Normal saline group (NS), HMT group, HD group (0.25% HD) and HD+HMT group. Normal saline and HD solution were injected by intra tracheal catather. Animals in HMT and HD+HMT groups received HMT by intra peritoneal injection for 14 days daily. All rats were killed after 14 days, a part of lung tissue were removed, fixed and processed for histological evaluation by H&E staining and and apoptotic cell death study by TUNEL kit. In addition, biochemical study (catalase enzyme) was measured in all groups. Results: Histological examination and cell counting data revealed that there were no significant differences between Saline & HMT groups. Alveolar hemorrhage and inflammation, as well as, the number of apoptotic cells in the HD group was significantly increased when compared to HD+HMT group. Conclusion: HMT have prophylactic & therapeutics effects in the lung tissue against HD.

Purpose: The aim of present investigation was to determine the effects of low- level He-Ne laser therapy on biomechanical property of skin wound of healthy and streptozotocin induced diabetic (STZ-D) rats. Materials and Methods: The study was performed by experimental method.36 male adult Wistar rats weighing above 250 gr. were used. Rats were divided equally into control and experimental groups, each group (n=18) were equally divided into 3 subgroups in order to radiate 3 different energy densities of laser. Weight of healthy and diabetic rats were recorded in the beginning and at the end of study. Blood glucose of rats in the beginning of study was recorded and rats with more than 120 mg/dl were excluded from study. Diabetes was induced by one time intra peritoneal injection of 55 mg/kg STZ. After one month, hyperglycemia was established in experimental group. Two 15-mm, vertical incision wounds were made on the dorsum of rats. Three groups of healthy and diabetic rats were received 22.4J/cm2, 1.2J/cm2 and 4J/cm2 energy densities He-Ne laser for two weeks. At the end of study, rats were killed and skin sample were extracted and were submitted to a biomechanical evaluation (maximum force) examination. Data was analyzed by paired student t test methods. Results: Mean value of blood glucose of diabetic rats was 518.37±23.3. Laser-treated healthy rats with 1.2J/cm2 energy density showed significant increase of maximum force (p=0.05). Laser-treated diabetic rats with 4J/cm2 energy density showed significant increase of maximum force (p=0.05). Conclusion: It seems ideal parameters for effectiveness of Low- Level He-Ne laser in healthy and diabetic rats are different. Wounds of diabetic rats should be radiated with more energy density of low- level laser for accelerating wound healing process in comparison with healthy rats.

Purpose: to compare the expression level of certain genes related to cartilage and non-cartilage tissues at monolayer and alginate cultures derived from rat articular cartilage. Materials and Methods: Articular cartilage was harvested from knee joints of 10 male rats and was digested using enzymatic solution consisting of 0.2% collagenase I and 0.1% pronase. Released chondrocyte were then plated in 25-cm2 culture flasks and expanded. For alginate culture, about 5´106 passaged-5 cells were mixed with 1 ml alginate solution and cultivated as small beads for a period of two months. During the culture, the expression of Sox9, collagen II, I and aggrecan genes were quantified by real time PCR and compared with the gene expressions at monolayer cultures. Furthermore, the cell morphology, in this study, was observed using either conventional or inverted light microscopy. Results: The cells at monolayer cultures were observed as spindly shaped cells, while within alginate, chondrocytes tended to be morphologically spherical cells. Real time PCR analysis indicated that at monolayer cultures, the expression of Sox9, collagen II and aggrecan were significantly down-regulated while the expression of collagen I was largely up-regulated. In contrast to monolayer cultures, the expression levels of sox 9, collagen II and aggrecan, at alginate cultures, tended to be statistically high while collagen I was observed to be expressed at negligible level. All these differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: While at chondrocyte monolayer cultures, the cartilage-specific gene expressions appeared to be significantly down-regulated, alginate culture tended to stimulate the cells to express the genes in statistically high levels.

Purpose: In the present study the effect of BMP-6 was investigated on chondrogenesis of adiposederived stem cells. Materials and Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue were cultured on alginate scaffold to induce chondrogenesis in experimental group, with chondrogenic medium having BMP-6 growth factor for 3 weeks. In control group medium without BMP-6 was applied. The harvested constructs were examined with immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods for assessment of cartilage-specific characteristics. Results: The results of immunohistochemical method revealed the presence of typical cartilage extracellular matrix components such as type II collagen and aggrecan in constructs induced by BMP-6 growth factor on alginate scaffold. In addition evaluation of the results of RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of cartilage- specific genes, such as type II collagen and aggrecan, in the differentiated cells under the influence of growth factor BMP-6. Conclusion: It can be concluded that BMP-6 promotes chondrogenesis of ADSC in 3-D and adipose-derived stem cells could be used for cartilage tissue engineering.

Purpose: Isolating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS)-derived mesenchymal progenitors as a new source of mesenchymal cells which can differentiate into different lineages like adipose and bone. Materials and Methods: After 7 days of hiPS1 culture on matrigle coated dishes, spindle like cells around colonies were removed by cell scraper. These cells that had mesenchymal like morphology was characterized after 4-6 passages. Mesenchymal cell surface markers CD73, CD90, CD105, CD29, CD44 and hematopoietic cell surface markers CD34 and CD45 were analyzed by flow cytometry and cells were differentiated to osteogenic and adipogenic lineages by defined medium. Results: flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that hiPS1 derived mesenchymal progenitors were %98.71 ± 0.14 CD44+, %98.51 ± 1.02 CD29+, %87.74 ± 3.41 CD105+, %46.65 ± 5.76 CD73+, %98.53 ± 0.78 CD90+and they did not express CD34 and CD45. These cells could be differentiated to osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Conclusion: hiPS1 can make mesenchymal progenitors and these cells can be a suitable substitute for mesenchymal stem cells.

Purpose: In this study we evaluated the effect of maternal nicotine administration during pre and postnatal period on collagen IV changes in lung of mouse newborns. Materials and Methods: Female Balb/C mice were mated and finding vaginal plug was assumed as day zero of pregnancy. Pregnant mice, were divided into 2 experimental and 2 control groups. Experimental group 1, received 3 mg/kg nicotine intrapritoneally from day 5 of gestation to last day of pregnancy. Experimental group 2 received the same amount of nicotine during the same gestational days as well as the first two week after birth (lactation). The control groups received the same volume of normal saline during the same periods. At the end of exposure time, all of newborns (experimental and control) were anesthetized and their lungs were removed and immunohistochemical study for tracing collagen were carried out. Results: Our finding indicated that collagen reaction in the bronchial basement membrane (BBM) and extra cellular matrix (ECM) of lung parenchyma in experimental increased significantly in comparison to control groups. Cell necrosis definition in lung parenchyma of experimental group 2 were the other finding that our investigation achieved. Conclusion: These data indicate that maternal nicotine exposure may induce a noticeable increasing collagen reasonable in BBM and ECM of respiratory system of next generation. The lungs of these animals which were exposed to nicotine via the placenta and mother's milk, are more susceptible to damages such as abnormal collagen synthesis and cell necrosis.

Tracking cells after transplantation is always one the main concerns of researchers in the field of regenerative medicine. Finding a tracer with long stability and low cytotoxicity can be considered as a solution for this issue. Semiconductor nanocrystals, also called quantum dots (QDs), have unique photophysical properties which make them as suitable candidate in this setting. Broad-range excitation, size-tunable narrow emission spectrum, high brightness and their exceptional resistance against photobleaching are among characteristics which enable the researchers to use these nanoparticles in long-term, multi-target and high sensitive in vivo imaging of live animals. However, due to the toxic components found in QDs core caution must be exercised in their clinical usage. This review summarizes the role of QDs in cellular tracking and is concerned about their potential cytotoxicity.

A rare variant of ansa cervicalis was discovered during routine dissection of the neck in a male cadaver. The superior root of the Ansa cervicalis was formed by the C1 ventral ramus. It fused with the vagus nerve in place of the hypoglossal nerve without any connection and descended into the carotid sheath with it. Then, C1 ventral ramus formed from the sheath and joined the inferior root from C2 and C3 ventral rami. We have reviewed the previous variation reports and reported a rare ansa cervicalis variation.