Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:25 | Issue:5 |Papers Count:17

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) on Suppression of negative thoughts and learned helplessness were infertile women. Materials & Methods: This study is quasi-experimental with unequal pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population included all of infertile women at Neyshabur city who have been referred to gynecologists in Spring 2017. 24 infertile women who were selected by available sampling method and voluntary were randomly assigned to experimental groups (n= 12) and control (n= 12). Both groups were tested before. The experimental group for eight sessions of 90-minute group therapy were based on acceptance and commitment. Data through questionnaires suppression of thoughts Wegner and Zanakos (1994) and Documentary style Islami Shahr Babaki (1991) was gathering. Research data to way multivariate analysis of variance were analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Results: The results of multivariate analysis of covariance with significance level (p > 0. 001) on the hypothesis show a significant difference between the two groups at post-test, that represents the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy based on suppression of thoughts and learned helplessness )documentary style in infertile women. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is based on group therapy, acceptance and commitment appropriate treatment is to reduce negative thoughts and learned helplessness in infertile women.

Objectives: The Psychological contracts are defined as those beliefs and opinions regarding commitment among employees and employers being able to regulate the relationship among them. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the predictive role of psychological contract in nurse s' organizational commitment in hospitals. Materials & Methods: This research is descriptive from type of correlation. Data of the study were collected using psychological contract Hui et al. (2004) and organizational commitment Alle and Myier (1991) questionnaire. A sample of 400 nurses was selected using random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-18 software as well as regression analysis. Findings: The Data analysis indicated that employees' psychological commitment can be predicted up to 36. 9% through psychological contract variable. Moreover, determination coefficient indicated that 13. 6% of dispersion observed in organizational commitment can be explained by psychological contract variable. Conclusion Using of psychological contract to search of relationship between employment and employer shows that these relationships depended to personal, social and psychocognitional mechanism.

Introduction: The lack of timely control of diabetes leads to irreparable complications in other organs of the body, including the heart, kidneys and eyes. The purpose of this study was to, Identify of determinative Factors of Pre-Diabetes in Mashhad by using logistic regression model. Materials & Methods: This is an analytical-cross sectional study. The data are related to MASHAD (Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders) study. The population was selected by using stratified-cluster sampling. The samples included 8810 individuals aged 35-64 years. Independent variables included demographic information, anthropometric index, blood pressure, anxiety, depression, physical activity level, healthy and unhealthy diet patterns, inflammatory, biochemical and lipid factors. SPSS-22 software was used to analyze the data and a significant level of 0. 05 was considered. The logistic regression model was fitted to identify the determinant factors on the data. Results: The prevalence of pre-diabetes was, 10. 2% (885 cases). The results showed statistically significant association between age, anthropometric index, blood pressure, anxiety, depression, pattern healthy and unhealthy diet, hs-CRP, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride and pre-diabetes (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Majority of cases of type 2 diabetes can be prevented by nutritional reform and lifestyle in people with pre-diabetes. Suggested, it is better to focus on general education and prevention to promote healthy lifestyle at the community level.

Background and Objectives: Fibronectin transmembrane type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) is a characteristic factor in distinguishing skeletal muscle cells. Since the productive effects of regular exercise are conveyed through the skeletal muscle, this study aims to compare the effects of progressive endurance and resistance training on FNDC5 gene expression in male rats’ gastrocnemius muscles. Materials & Methods: Fifteen male rats were randomly assigned to three equal groups of control, endurance training and resistance training. The endurance group performed eight weeks of training on the treadmill. The resistance group did their exercises for eight weeks on a three-session-per-week basis on a one-meter-high ladder with 85○ slope. All subjects were anesthetized 72 hours after the experiment finished and the gastrocnemius removed. The level of FNDC5 expression was measured through real-time PCR method and one-way ANOVA applied to analyze the data. Level of significance was set to p≥ 0. 05. Results One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in FNDC5 expression among the groups (p=0. 001, F=31. 791). A subsequent Tukey test application showed FNDC5 gene expression of the gastrocnemius muscle was significantly higher in the resistance and endurance training groups than in the control group (p<0. 001 and p<0. 001, respectively). No significant difference was detected between the two groups in FNDC5 gene expression, though (p=0. 999). Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that progressive endurance and resistance trainings can increase the level of FNDC5 gene expression in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, it seems plausible that resistance and endurance training has a similar effect in this regard.

Background: Phenol and its derivatives are widely used as raw material in many petrochemical, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Wastewaters from the industries mentioned above contain phenolic compounds which are highly hazardous to aquatic life. Therefore, phenolic wastewaters must be specially treated before disposing off the effluents. Materials & Methods :Hybrid aerogel with structure of hydrophobicity was prepared through sol– gel synthesis followed by drying at ambient. The aerogel was used for phenol adsorption from water and the effects of phenol concentration, also contact time were studied. Batch kinetic and isotherm studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of contact time and phenol concentration. The Aerogel surface was characterized by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Results: The result showed that the maximum adsorption was in the concentration 250 mg L− 1 493. 13 mg g− 1. The specific surface area of the synthesized aerogel is 543. 4 g m2, the pore size is 3. 24 nm with a porosity of 44 and a contact angle of 156 degrees. The Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order fited the experimental data Conclusion The results showed that the phenol adsorption process involved both boundary layer diffusion and inter particle diffusion. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface of the aerogel is synthesized and shows the main reason for its higher adsorption efficiency of phenol.

Background and Objectives: The toxicity of metals and their compounds is determined by their physicochemical properties. Thus, they may compete for the biological binding sites resulting in aberrant function of biochemical macromolecules. The aim of this study to investigate Ni NPs toxicity in compared to Nickel chloride on liver enzyme activity and the histopathological changes of liver tissue in male Wistar rats. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rates were divided into six experimental groups and one control group and one sham group (n=6). Experimental groups received Ni NPs and nickel chloride with concentration of 5, 15 and 25 mg/ kg by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of 7th day, blood and liver specimen were collected for analysis. Assay of the activity of liver enzyme and histopathological study was performed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey. Results Enzyme activity of AST and ALP in different doses of Ni NPs and nickel chloride and LDH activity in different doses of nickel chloride showed significant changes in the studied groups (p> 0. 05). Histopathological study of liver were revealed dose dependent changes in the liver of rate with nickel chloride and nanoparticles compared to the control group. Some of the changes including necrosis, congestion, apoptosis and steatohepatitis were observed after exposure to different doses of treatment. Conclusion: Increasing of enzyme activity and histopathological changes in the liver confirmed due to Ni NPs and nickel chloride toxicity.

Background and Objectives: Interaction effect of heavy metal and some metals such as Fe can affect soil heavy metal availability. Thus, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of Arak municipal sewage sludge compost with iron slag on decreasing cadmium uptake by pot marigold. Materials & Methods: Treatments were consist of applying enriched Arak municipal sewage sludge compost (0, 15 and 30 t ha-1) with 0 and 5% pure Fe from iron slag of Mobarakeh Steel Complex in a polluted soil (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg Cd kg-1 soil). After 60 days, soil physic-chemical properties and root and shoot Cd concentration of pot marigold was measured and the least significant difference (LSD) statistical analysis was used to determine the differences between the means (p=0. 05). Results: Increasing the loading rate of Arak municipal sewage sludge compost from 0 to 15 and 30 t ha-1 in a Cd polluted soil (10 mg Cd soil-1) caused a decreasing in Cd availability by 15% and 35%, respectively, while the Fe availability increased by 5. 6 and 8. 4 times, respectively. Similar to this result, root and shoot Cd concentration was decreased by 24% and 18%, respectively. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that applying sewage sludge compost enriched with 5% Fe pure can probably affect soil physico-chemical properties that increasing soil and plant Fe availability and thereby, decreasing Cd availability.

Background and Objectives: The physical activity as a therapeutic tool is rapidly growing in the diabetic neuropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks endurance training on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and pain in sensory roots of spinal cord of rats with diabetic neuropathy. Materials & Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=40), 10 weeks of age (230-260 g body weight), were study sample. At first initially, thirty rats received intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) solution (45 mg/kg, pH=4. 5). After ensuring the development of diabetic neuropathy by von Frey and hot-plate tests, the rats ranodmly assigned to three groups: continuous endurance training, interval endurance training and neuropathic control and 10 rats were assigned in healthy control group. Training protocol was a six weeks of aerobic training (60-70% VO2max) on the treadmill. Rats were sacrificed after 48 hours of the last training session and the sensory part of spinal cord was isolated. Data Analysed with one-way Analysis of variance test (P<0. 05). Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between mean the SOD activity in continuous training, interval training, neuropathy and healthy control groups (P=0. 632). Also, there was no significant difference in mean the CAT activity between groups (P=0. 424). The results of the behavioral tests for pain showed neuropathic pain decreased significantly in diabetic rats after six weeks of continuous and interval training (P=0. 001). There wasn’ t any significant difference between two training groups (P=0. 99). Conclusion: It seems, continuous and interval endurance training have the same effect in reducing neuropathic pain, although no changes occured in the levels of antioxidants.

Background and Objectives: Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria is acid-fast bacteria that lives in environmental sources such as water, soil, dust, milk and decaying vegetables. Based on Runyon’ s classification, these bacteria classified in tow group of slow and rapid growing mycobacteria; Both of them isolated from clinical specimens. The purpose of this study is evaluation of three housekeeping genes in identification and differentiation of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria. Materials & Methods: In our study, we obtained 16S rRNA, rpoB and hsp65 sequences of 22 slow and rapid growing mycobacteria from Genebank (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov). Then, these sequences aligned and transferred to MEGA 5. 0 program. Finally, phylogenetic relationships were determined by constructing 16S rRNA, rpoB and hsp65 genes tree using the neighbor-joining method with Kimura 2-Parameter model. Results and Conclustion Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, rpoB and hsp65 gene sequences indicated that except of rpoB gene. Other genes cannot identificate and separate of some species. Also we found that for identification both of rapid growth mycobacteria (RGM) and slow growth mycobacteria (SGM) rpoB gene is the best option. Due to findings of this study, it seems that for appropriate and accurate identification of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, we must studied rpoB and hsp65 genes simultaneously.

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious diseases. Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacteria is a major problem around the world in treatment of urinary infections. This study was conducted to identify causative agents of urinary tract infection and to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics in hospitalized and out patients referred to the Vase’ ee Hospital in Sabzevar. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 256 individuals hospitalized and out patients older than eighteen age in the Sabzevar Vase’ ee hospital. Identification of bacteria was performed using biochemical tests and their susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. The data were analyzed by using t-test, Chi-square and Fisher’ s exact test with percentage error 5%. Results: Of 256 patients, 59. 7% and 40. 3% were female and male, respectively. The most frequently isolated pathogen were Escherichia coli (50. 8%), Klebsiella (17. 6%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (15/62%), Enterobacter (7. 8%). E. coli as most common pathogen of urinary tract infections showed the most resistance to ampicillin and the least resistance to Imipenem indicated. In total, regardless of the type of bacteria, the highest resistance was against amoxicillin and the lowest resistance was against Imipenem. Conclusion: Considering the frequency of urinary tract infections and in order to prevent serious complication, a survey of regional resistance pattern and timely treatment can control development of resistant bacteria.

Background and Objectives: Previous research has shown that social anxiety disorder is associated with problems in many areas of life. Considering this issue and the importance of identifying factors affects social anxiety. The present study was aimed to compare behavioral brain systems profile and difficulty of emotional regulation in patients with social anxiety disorder and normal people. Materials & Methods: The present work is a causal comparative study. We studied 43 women (Including 23 women with social anxiety disorder and another 20 ones with normal conditions). These participants were selected based on purposive method among the woman who came from Neyshabur counseling centers from Mehr to Espand of 1396 (October 2017-March 2018). In order to analyze the data, we applied the following measuring tools: SCID-I, Connor's social phobia inventory, difficulties in emotion regulation and behavioral inhibition system/ behavioral activation system and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: Based on the results, there are significant differences between the woman with social anxiety disorder and normal women, specifically at the levels of difficulties in emotion regulation and behavioral inhibition system/ behavioral activation system (p<0. 001). Conclusion: Considering our findings, we suggest the importance and significance of the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and behavioral inhibition system/ behavioral activation system are taken into account in explaining social anxiety. The results can be used in prevention and treatment programs.

Background and Objectives: Today, kidney diseases are one of the most important causes of death and disability in many countries. This increased prevalence leads to the risk of developing chronic kidney disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with and without green tea consumption on kidney function in obese and sedentary postmenopausal women. Materials & Methods: This is a semi-experimental study. Twenty-nine obese and sedentary postmenopausal women were randomly divided into three groups: exercise (n=10, mean weight 68. 9± 9. 1 kg), supplement (n=10, mean weight 74. 9± 17. 5 kg) and exercise+supplement (n=9, mean weight 73. 6± 10. 0 kg). The mean BMI was 28. 3± 3. 2, 31. 6± 6. 3 and 31. 0± 3. 9 kg/m2, respectively. The mean age was 56. 9± 6. 7 years old. Aerobic exercise program was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week and each session for 45 minutes at 65-75 % of maximum heart rate. The supplemented group received 200 ml of green tea, three times a day for eight weeks. Forty-eight hours ago and after intervention, creatinine, urea and uric acid were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver. 20 and p≤ 0. 05. Results: The results showed eight weeks of green tea consumption significantly decreased serum creatinine in the supplement group (p=0. 048). There was no significant difference in any of the variables studied in the exercise and the exercise+supplementation groups (p 0. 05). Intergroup variations were not significant in any of the variables. Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic exercises in water alone and in combination with green tea consumption did not improve renal function in obese and postmenopausal women, while green tea consumption alone decreased serum creatinine and improved renal function.

Background and Objectives: One of the best criteria for evaluation proper blood glucose control is measurement level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Non-prescriptive strategies such as self-efficacy promotion are recommended in order to achieve the appropriate level of HbA1c. In results of previous studies, there is an inconsistence between self-efficacy and HbA1c level, therefore this article performed with purpose of determining the relationship between self-efficacy and HbA1c level in adolescents with type I diabetes referring to Mashhad Parsian center of diabetes. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study performed on convenience 70 young people with the age range of 12 to 18 who were diagnosed with type I diabetes referring to Parsian Diabetes Center of diabetes. Data collected through questionnaires of demographic information and insulin-dependent diabetes management self-efficacy scale (IDMSE) and taken blood samples to measurement levels of HbA1c. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11. 5 with descriptive and analytic test. Results Pearson correlation test results showed that there was an inverse and significant relationship between self-efficacy and HbA1c (r=-0. 60, p<0. 05). Also, the results of Pearson test showed that there were positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy with age (r= 0. 30, p= 0. 01) and number of family members (r= 0. 35, p= 0. 002). There was an inverse and significant relationship between self-efficacy and frequency of hypoglycemia in the past year (r=-0. 26, p= 0. 028). Conclusion Results of study showed that adolescents with high self-efficacy have a lower HbA1c level. Therefore, it seems necessary that some intervention be done to promotion adolescents self-efficacy of type I diabetes.

Background and Objectives: Maintaining the appropriate pressure of endotracheal tube cuff pressure during the hospitalization in Intensive Care Units is important. The affecting factors on endotracheal tube cuff pressure are various nursing actions. This study aimed to determine the effect of body position change on the endotracheal tube cuff pressure of patients hospitalized in intensive care unit. Materials & Methods: This study is a clinical trial. A population study in this investigation was all patients in Intensive Care Unit with oral endotracheal tube in mechanical ventilator. Twenty-Nine patients were selected purposive sampling method. To collect data, demographic data checklist and a check list of the patient's endotracheal tube cuff pressure and agitation-sedation scores, Richmond was used. Endotracheal tube cuff pressure changes after changing position to the left and right side of the bed. It was immediately measured and recorded at an angle of 30 degrees and 45 degrees. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics method, Pearson test, Independent T-test and variance analysis, in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS), version 19 software. The level of significance was considered to be 0. 05. Results The results show a statistically significant relationship between endotracheal tube cuff pressures at an angle of 30 degrees to the cuff pressure in changing body on the left side (p= 0. 004) and the right side (p= 0. 00) and in placing to the right side at a 45-degree angle (p= 0. 012). Conclusion: Endotracheal tube cuff pressure by changing the patient's position was changed. Cuff pressure measurement and pressure regulation in the therapeutic range was recommended.

Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the most effective emotional and psychological cancer among women, which causes deep emotional and emotional problems in the patient, considering that death anxiety is one of the important psychological variables in cancer patients and self-differentiation level with person's ability to reduce anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive group psychotherapy on self-differentiation and death anxiety in women with breast cancer in Bijar city. Materials & Methods: The method current study was experimental to pretest-posttest design with control group. A sample was selected from all women with breast cancer, whose names were recorded in Bijar Health Center until 2013. Based on criteria for having a history of breast cancer and diagnosis by a specialist, having read and write literacy, being married were selected. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The instrument used in this study was a standard self-differentiation questionnaire (DSI-R), Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), and a positive group psychotherapy package. The datas were analyzed by SPSS-21 software and descriptive indicators and covariance analysis test. Results: The results of covariance analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the post-test of two groups in self-differentiation (p< 0. 000, F=38. 58) and death anxiety (p<0. 000, F=31. 83). Conclusion The results show positive group psychotherapy increases self-differentiation and reduces the death anxiety in women with breast cancer.