Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Year:2003 | Volume:5 | Issue:1|Papers Count:14

Negative calcium balance, hypophosphatemia, and mild hypocalcemia occur in the absence of sufficient quantities of vitamin D. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of dietary calcium (Ca) and vitamin D (vit D) intake on those plasma levels and bone mineral density (BMD). .A total of 830, 20-76 years- old healthy population (60.8% women, 39.2% men) of Tehran, from 50 clusters were randomly selected, following exclusion of people suffering from endocrine, rheumatologic or chronic diseases, fractures, other conditions or using drugs that affecting bone metabolism. Vit D and Ca intakes were assessed. with a food frequency questionnaire. Self-reported daily time of sun exposure was used to categorize exposure to sunshine all participations underwent clinical examination and lumbar spine and proximal of femur BMD by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry technique. Plasma level of 25(OH) D, Ca, Phosphate (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALK P), parathyroid hormone (PTH) measured during winter. The correlation between these results was investigated.Mean of serum level vitamin D in men lower than women, as so Ca level of serum and intake of vit D and Ca in men higher than women. In the Logistic Regression, sex and parathyroid hormone were independent variables for serum of vit D variation. In women older than 45 years, BMD in region of lumbar spine had significantly association with serum levels of parathyroid hormone. Also increasing parathyroid hormone had association with osteoporosis prevalence. The mean of Ca intake in osteoporotic patients was lower than other subjects. In men younger than 40 years that had Ca intake more than 19gram/day, lumbar spine BMD was significantly higher than others with lower Ca consumption. Vitamin D intake had significantly association with osteoporosis in men. In adequate calcium intake may translate into inadequate calcium retention and a reduction in peak bone mass. The high prevalence of 25 (OH) D deficiency indicate that vit D be obtained from solar irradiation and dietary sources appears inadequate.

Osteoporosis in men is now recognized as an increasingly important public health issue. The objective of this study was to investigate Relationship between life style and bone mineral density in men.Among the 20-76 year-old men of Tehran, 325 persons from 50 clusters were randomly selected, following exclusion of people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, menstrual problem, fractures or other conditions affecting bone metabolism. All participants underwent clinical examination and lumbar and spinal densitometry using DXA method. In lumbar spine, the duration of peak bone density was between 25 and 40years old and in hip, the duration of peak bone mass was from 20 to 30 years old. Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in men older than 50 years old were 3.9% and 50%, respectively. Bone mineral density in men significantly related with Calcium & vitamin D intake, sport and smoking. Nutritional intake and physical activity has been considered to play an important role in maintaining bone mineral density. Peak bone density in 20-40 year-old population and relation with life style could be useful in policy-making for prevention of osteoporosis.

Bone densitometry is used to diagnose osteopenia and osteoporosis and, if necessary, prevent bone fractures, especially that of femoral neck. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has become a common method to assay bone mineral density. Bone density is related to many factors such as race, age, sex, environmental factors, and nutrition. No comprehensive study has yet been performed in Iran.Among the 10-75 year-old population of Tehran, 600 persons from 50 clusters were randomly selected, following exclusion of people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, menstrual problem, fractures or other conditions affecting bone metabolism. All participants underwent clinical examination and lumbar and spinal densitometry using DXA method.In lumbar spine, the duration of peak bone density was between 25 and 35 years old and bone loss started at 40. In femoral neck, the duration of peak bone mass was from 30 to 35 years old. Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in women older than 50 years old were 28.1% and 53.3%, respectively.Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis are higher in our study population. Peak bone density in 25-35 year-old populations could be useful in policy-making for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

After water, tea is most common drink consumed regularly by most adults in Iran.Previous studies have examined the negative effects of coffee-associated caffeine on BMD, but the relationship between tea and BMD had not been sufficiently explored The purpose of this study was to investigate associations of habitual drinking of regular tea with bone mineral density.We measured BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, greater trochanter, and Ward"s triangle in 830 women and men aged 20-76,in Tehran. Tea drinking was assessed by questionnaire and subjects were categorized as tea drinkers (>5 cup of tea) or non-tea drinkers (≤5cup of tea).Subjects were 39.2% men and 60.8% women. Prevalence of smoker and tea drinker in men was higher than women. After adjusting for age and body mass index, compared with non-tea drinkers, tea drinkers had significantly greater mean hip BMD in women.In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that the positive effect of habitual tea drinking on BMD clearly in those women with inadequate vitamin D & Ca consumption.

Renal transplantation triggers an early bone loss that increases the subsequent risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Little is known about the outcome of bone status after transplantation, specially, in-patient of southwest region of Asia. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of bone status to find out the frequency and predictors of osteoporosis in kidney graft recipients patients in Iran.Spinal and hipbone mineral density were assessed using a DEXA Lunar DPX-MD scanner in 61 renal graft recipients in Tehran, Iran.In this study, 44% of patients were men (27) and 56% of them were women (34). Mean of age of them was accordingly 44.3±10.44 and 40/7±13.77. Mean of transplant duration was 33.9±33.2 months (minimum was 3 month and maximum 172 months). Mean of dialysis time was 12±14 months (0-72 months ). Osteoporosis, according to the World Health Organization definition, was observed in 18 patients (29.5% of the total population) in any of the Total or Neck or L2-L4 region (14.8% in Neck, 19.7% in Total, 16.4% in L2-L4 regions). Frequency of osteoporosis was significantly higher in lowest BMI group (p = 0.007). Age, sex, transplantation duration, dialysis time, cause of renal failure, steroid cumulative dosage, cyclosporine cumulative dosage, had no significant relationship with bone loss in any of regions. These data emphasize the high prevalence of osteoporosis in Iranian kidney graft recipients. Screening and therapeutic intervention in these patients is urgently needed.

QUS (Quantitative Ultrasound) is noticed as a method for measurement of qualitative characteristics of bone. We assessed the effects of Ca, P, Alk Phos, PTH and vit D on parameters of QUS of heel (SOS, BUA and SI) and compared them with effects of above parameters on DXA results.In 211 normal individual (127 women and 44 men) enrolled in the IMOS study (Iranian serum Ca, P.Alk Phos PTH and vit D was obtained) Multi center Osteoporosis Study and Ca corrected with albumin .After that QUS of heel and BMD of spinal and femoral region was done. The mean of age of women and men was respectively 47.7±12.1 and 43.4±15.6.29% of women were menopause.There was no relation between serum parameters and menopausal status (Alk Phos had a weak relationship with menopausal status). Ca, P, PTH and Vit D showed no significant relation with BMD of spinal region and femoral neck, SOS (Speed of sound) and SI (Stiffness Index). Vit D and BUA (Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation) had a weak relation. Alk Phos had a weak relationship with BMD in different regions, SOS, BUA and SI.We conclude that QUS parameters and BMD of spin a and femoral region are not affected by serum biochemical and PTH and Vit d status.

Biochemical identification of Mycobacteria after primary culture is a laborious and time-consuming procedure. One of the suitable ways for overwhelming meaning this problems is using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of their Mycolic acids and one of the most important materials for this process is phenacyl derivatives of high molecular weight Mycolic acids which is used as standard in this method. This standard is synthesized by an American company and is not available every time. So, this study is done for extraction, derivatization and purification of high molecular weight Mycolic acids from Mycobacterium bovis BCG as standard in the identification of Mycobacteria by means of HPLC.Used bacterium in this study was M.bovis BCG and its high molecular weight Mycolic acids were derivatized by para bromophenacyl bromide and 18- Crown 6 and extracted by Lich. RP 18 column and methanol/chloroform gradient.Chromatographs of company synthesized standard and prepared one's were compared and retention time of related peaks were recorded.Complete similarities between chromatographs of commercially produced standard and provided standard suggest their uniqueness. So, this prepared standard can be used in identification of Mycobacteria.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder in school age children. Because of the high prevalence of this disorder and its effect on the individual general function, this survey has been accomplished due to ADHD prevalent rate in the fourfold educational region, private and governmental primary school students in the different educational grades in both genders in Shiraz in 2001.2182 primary school students including 1082 boys and 1099 girls were selected via randomly cluster sampling method. The data of this cross-sectional research has been collected through complied questionnaire based on the 18 DSM-IV ADHD symptoms and then clinical assessment of students and their parents by a child psychiatrist. The data of this investigation has been analyzed and evaluated via SPSS software.The results show that the general prevalence of ADHD has been 5.82%, which consists of 1.14% inattentive subtype, 0.45% hyperactive impulsive subtype and 4.21% combined subtype. Also the results show that there is a significant difference between boys (8.49%) and girls (3.18%) (P<0.001) there was a significant difference in educational function of those who were affected by ADHD and those who were not affected by this disorder (P<0.001) and it was lower in the suffering group. There was a significant difference in discipline grade between two groups (P<0.001). ADHD group received lower grades.Because of the high prevalence of ADHD among primary school students and its undesirable outcome, it is recommended preventive Mental Health program.