JOURNAL OF FUNDAMENTALS OF MENTAL HEALTH
Year:2012 | Volume:13 | Issue:4 (52)|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory normal and non-normal personality are located along a continuum. This study aimed to the compare activity of brain/behavioral systems and mental health in addicts and normal individuals based on Jeffrey Gray theory.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in year 2009. Fifty dependence bjects with substance (opium26, heroin18 andcocaine 6) and 50 normal subjects, chosen by at hand sampling method were matched by age, sex, and level of education. Gray-Wilson personality questionnaire and depression, anxiety, Stress scales were used. Data were analyzed by t-test in independent groups.Results: There was a significant between groups difference found in both behavioral activation and inhibition systems (P<0.05), but not in fight/flight system (P>0.05). There was also and also a significant difference found in depression, anxiety and stress between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study support the hypothesis of reinforcement sensitivity theory about substance dependent individuals.

Introduction: Aggression behavior of psychiatric inpatient against psychiatric nurses is known problem job in wards. Then survey of nurses' experiences of occupational aggression is reflex of senses, thinks and their attitude toward self, patient, quality of care and predisposing problems, that it can be a way for the next programs of department. Therefore present study done with goal explanation nurses experiences of occupational aggression in the psychiatric wards of Shahid Beheshti Center in Kerman city at 2010.Materials and Methods: This research is a qualitative study with phenomenology method. Participants were selected of community nurses bases acceptance criteria through purposeful sampling to limit data saturation (n=18) data gathering done by depth and semi-structural interviews and every interview was recorded on a tape, then data analysis was done by Cloaizzi method.Results: Aggression behavior mostly occurred by patient and next by family patient, cause of aggression mostly was inappropriate expectations by patient and next nature of illness, the most of nurses experienced verbal aggression to nonverbal and they reported physical aggression with minimize limit 2-3 times in the one year ago. The time of aggression behavior occurred the first reaction by nurses was spoke with patients in order to prepare to relieve for their, and often not effect and leading to fixation of patient. and other results of research summarized in 4 core concepts: inadequate support nurses by managers of hospital, weakness of risk management by nurse, outcomes aggression in nurses and nurse attitude of love humanistic.Conclusion: Attention to below subjects are necessary: reforcement of approach management such as permanent meeting at hospital, survey of failures, encouragement nursing personnel, permanent education with emphasize on roll modeling, fallow up and report aggression situation, with the better of investigation and organization.

Introduction: The pain self-efficacy scale assesses the patient’s confidence in his ability to complete daily living activities despite pain. Current research aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version for pain Self-Efficacy Scale in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients.Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive and validation type. The sample was selected by consecutive sampling through 160 CLBP patients referring to Poursina Hospital in Rasht, North of Iran, in 2010. Subjects completed the Visual Analog Scale, Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire, Short Form of the Depression Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Factor structure of the Pain Self- Efficacy Scale was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construction (divergent and convergent) and predictive validity of this scale were also examined.Results: Internal consistency of scale was excellent (a=0.91), test-retest reliability coefficient equivalent of 0.73 and coefficient of item-total correlation were obtained for each item in acceptable range of 0.73 to 0.78. Results of factor analysis indicating a factor called "Pain Self- Efficacy" that accounted for 65.16% of the total variance with minimal factor loading of 0.73. Scores of self-efficacy scale predicted a significant proportion of the variance in scores on measures of kinesiophobia, depression, disability, and coping strategies even after controlling for confounding effects of age, duration and intensity of pain and duration of medication use. Moreover, they were correlated with these variables from expected aspects.Conclusion: Findings suggest that Persian version of pain self-efficacy scale has satisfactory psychometric properties which is applicable in research and clinical situations relating to CLBP patients.

Introduction: Normal female sexual function has an important role in feeling healthy and increasing quality of their life. Attitudes, tendencies and understanding of sexual partner in sexual relationship, can be accounted as some branches of attachment to parents. In spite of importance of Bowlby’s , ther are few theory about attachment studies that tested hypothesis derived from this theory about sexual problems, this research is accomplished to determine the relationship between adult attachment style to parents with female sexual function.Materials and Methods: This research is a kind of descriptive-correlational study. 161 married women, between 15-44 years were selected by conveaient sampling from Ghaem Hospital, obstetricians offices, in Mashhad. Data were collected by questionnaires of adult scale of parental attachment during their childhood, and female sexual function index. Data were analyzed by SPSS using liner regression; confidence interval was considered 95%.Results: The entire domain of sexual function except sexual lubrication were related to secure attachment style to mother and all domains of sexual function except sexual painless was negatively related to distant attachment style to father (P<0.05)Conclusion: Maternal secure attachment and paternal insecure distant attachment play important role in adulthood sexual function which is in agreement to Bowlby's findings.

Introduction: This study sets out to examine a comparison of the effectiveness of family therapy, based on Schema therapy and Bowen’s emotion system therapy on early maladaptive schema among divorce applicant clients of Saghez city, West of Iran.Materials and Methods: The design of the study is as experimental research with pretest and post test with control group. The data population includes all of divorce applicant clients to well-being and counseling agencies of Saghez city, one of the provinces of Kurdistan (2011). Sixty six clients were selected at random from among the data population. Using the tools of early maladaptive schema scales (EMSs) of Young (1990), the scales of independent variables of early maladaptive schema were measured within divorce applicant clients (pre test) and at the end, based on random allocation, subjects were arranged in three groups 32 subjects in each group. Analyzing the data, primary and conducting data analysis with multi analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), the indexes of statistic power were calculated.Results: The results showed that controlling pre test of significance level, all tests of variables of groups indicate the existence of a significant difference, at least with regard to the one of the dependent variables- early maladaptive schema between divorce applicant clients of experimental and evidence groups (F=80.06, P<0.0001).Conclusion: Therefore, all hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of family therapy which is based on schema therapy and Bowen’s emotional system therapy on early maladaptive schema among divorce applicant clients were confirmed. The findings of the study, furthermore, showed that although both schema therapy and Bowen’s emotion system therapy have almost a similar effect on effectiveness of schemas and their components.

Introduction:The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of psychoactive and hallucinogenic substance abuse among college students in Hamadan.Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on 400 college students of Hamadan recruited through a stratified sampling method. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done with the SPSS software (version 13) using c2 tests and logistic regression methods.Results: Lifetime prevalence of methamphetamine, ecstasy and LSD use were 18, 8.5 and 4.8%, respectively. In logistic regression, factors influencing psychoactive substance use were area of residence, drug user friends, and use of other drugs (P<0.05).Conclusion: The high prevalence of psychoactive and hallucinogenic substance abuse which is usually accompanied by use of other drugs necessitates to be addressed by education.

Introduction: Smoking is a global health problem both, in developing and developed countries. Trans-theoretical model developed for understanding of behavior change especially addictive behaviors, not only delineates a way to conceptualize behavior change, but also provides the foundation for developing assessments of an individual’s readiness for change and for tailoring interventions to actualize behavior change.Materials and Methods: In a multi central cross-sectional study and a convenience sample of 578 smoker and exsmoker from 6 universities from December 2009 through June 2010 completed three Persian versions of the short form Smoking questionnaire based on transtheoretical model developed by Prochaska, Velicer and DiClemente. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA.Results: More than half of the subjects were in the precontemplation stage. The pros of smoking among subjects in the precontemplation stage were significantly higher than subjects in the preparation and maintenance stages (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the pros of smoking ratings were significantly higher for subjects in the contemplation and preparation stages than those in the stage of maintenance (P<0.05). Pros of smoking in the action stage were not significantly higher than the other stages of change (P>0.05). Significant mean differences in cons of smoking behavior emerged across the stages of change. In terms of self-efficacy/temptation construct, the results showed significant difference between the stages of change (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results provided support for advantage of increasing self-efficacy and the role of decisional balance for the intervention programs development in smoking cessation.

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the most common lung diseases in which the chronic duration of disease and disability can cause COPD exacerbation. Since there is insufficient data available for this case in Iran, we have investigated the psychopathological features of these patients.Materials and Methods: In a descriptive analytic study, from March to September 2008, among patients of respiratory clinic at Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad city, in northeastern part of Iran, 43 people who were diagnosed with COPD were selected via a convenience sampling and a spirometry was performed. A clinical psychologist assessed the mental status of the patients with the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) instrument, and the Hamilton and Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-14 software and tests such as t-test, ANOVA and Pearson.Results: Mean score for Global Severity Index (GSI) was 0.56 for men and 0.98 for women, and 51.2% of patients had developed morbid psychopathological status. 51.8% of the patients were clinically depressed and 46.5% of them had abnormal anxiety. Women are more prone to experiencing symptoms such as depression, anxiety, phobia and physical disorders (P<0.05). Patients with severe COPD were more depressed in compare to patients with mild and moderate COPD (P=0.01 and P=0.03, respectively).Conclusion: Patients with COPD had high scores of psychopathological status. Depression is more prevalent among women diagnosed with COPD which is directly proportional to the severity of disease.

Introduction: One of the mental disorders in pregnancy and postpartum period is postpartum depression which can be aharm to safety and health of mother and infant. With regard to this matter the study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression and related factors.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted atgynecology and obstetrics department of Imam Ali Hospital in Zahedan city, Southeast of Iran. Participants were 300 women selected randomly and were evaluated four times (immediately after delivery, 4 weeks after the first assessment, 6 weeks after the second assessment and 8 weeks after the third assessment) with Beck Depression Inventory and demographic questionnaire. Mothers under treatment for psychiatric problem, mothers whose newborns had serious health problem, those with BDI score of less than 14, and mothers who did have a phone number for follow up were excluded from the study. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results: 33.7% of subjects were depressed and there was a significant relationship found between mother’s age, type of delivery, infant’s gender, mother’ education, history of previous depression, or use of psychotropic medications (P<0.05).Conclusion: Postpartum depression is relatively frequent. Modification of any of the factors involved in this disorder,can be useful in decreasing the incidence of the illness.