JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2016 | Volume:23 | Issue:6|Papers Count:26

Introduction: Behaviors and our lifestyles affect the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) and experiences with emotional health, such as exercise and enriched environment lead to increased levels of this neurotrophin. This study aimed to identify the possible effects of two different ways of training on levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of adult male rats with a clearer focus on the role of exercise on modifying the synaptic plasticity.Materials & methods: In this experimental research, twenty-one Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (1) Control, (2) endurance training (ET), (3) high-intensity interval training (HIIT). ET group received 8-wk mild-intensityendurance exercise. The exercise schedule of HIIT group consisted of high intensity interval training for 8 weeks (with Active recovery). Hippocampal BDNF protein was assessed using commercial ELISA kits and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Statistical differences were considered significant at p<0.05.Findings : The results showed that the ET group had no significant effect on BDNF protein level (p=0.735). In addition, HIIT group revealed no significant increase in BDNF protein level compared with the Control (p=0.070) and ET group (p=0.131).Discussion & Conclusion: The results of the present study, do not show significant change in BDNF levels via exercise training, it seems that perform of HIIT training can increase amount of hippocampus BDNF protein level more than endurance training.

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are new group of regulatory RNAs with approximately 22 nucleotides in length. The miRNAs have important role in human cancers and apparently function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In this study, serum level of miR-21 was determined in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and its correlation with tumor staging was assessed in the patients, for the first time, in Iran.Materials & methods: The study was conducted on 40 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and 40 control subjects who had referred to cancer institute due to gastrointestinal irritation but were diagnosed as healthy on noncancerous. Serum levels of miR 21 were measured using a quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. The correlation of miR 21  serum level with tumor staging was assessed in the patients.Results: Serum level of miR 21 was approximately 3.5 fold higher in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma than control subjects (P<0.0001). Increased level of miR-21 in serum was associated with clinical stages of tumors in the patients (τ=0.56, P<0.01).Discussion & Conclusions: Given the importance of miR 21 in the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological factors, the serum level of miR-21 can be served as a new noninvasive diagnostic  biomarker for gastric adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Quorum sensing (QS) system is a complex cellular regulatory network activated in response to population size via auto inducer molecules (AI). luxS gene is an important recognized in QS some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which produce AI-2 molecules. Therefore, klebsiella isolated form urinary tract infections and the frequency of luxS gene in the isolates was studied.Materials & methods: A total of 80 clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. were collected from urinary tract infection (UTI). The isolates were identified by biochemical tests. The specific luxS amplicon were identified by PCR.Findings: The results revealed 37 (46.2%), 16 (20.0%), 5 (6.2%), 6 (7.5%), and 16 (20%) of the isolates were K. pneumonia, K. oxytoca, K. rhinoscleromatis, K. ozaenaand K. mobile, respectively.  According to the PCR analysis, all the isolates present the luxS gene.Discussion & Conclusions: Our findings revealed luxS gene has high prevalence in Klebsiella spp. This system is associated with regulation of many physiological functions of bacteria such as biofilm formation therefore its expression level can be surveyed in correlation with the biofilm formation ability of the isolates in next study.

Introduction: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common knee problems.The gold standard for PFPS rehabilitation is quadriceps strengthening. It has been suggested that hip muscles weakness may be an important factor in the etiology of patients with PFPS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hip external rotator and abductor muscles on pain and function in Male with patellofemoral pain.Materials & methods: 30 participants diagnosed by PFPS were participated and randomly divided into two groups, quadriceps strengthening (n=15) and hip and quadriceps strengthening (n=15). The NRPS and Kujala scale were respectively used to assess pain intensity and function at baseline and at the end of the 6-week exercise program. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test.Findings: After 6 weeks of exercise therapy, mean scores of pain and function for two groups were significant improvement (P>0.05). But significant difference between the average of pain scores and physical function of combination exercise and quadriceps strengthening exercises was observed (P>0.05).Discussion & Conclusion: Although, both combination and quadriceps muscle strengthening exercises were effective to reduce pain and improve function in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, combination exercises was more effective than quadriceps muscle strengthening exercises. Therefore, it is recommended to experts and researchers to use combination exercises in the rehabilitation programs to reduce pain and improve function in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Introduction: Environment contamination by heavy metals is a major issue threatening human health. One of the biological processes for removing toxic metals from wastewater  is biosorption. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of zinc (Zn+2) biosorption in industrial sewages by Chlorella vulgaris.Materials & methods: This laboratory scale experimental study was performed during April 2014 to October 2014 in Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. For determining zinc biosorption by Chlorella was measured under different conditions (pollutant concentrations, adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH). The rate of residual zinc was determined using atomic absorption instrument. Experiments were also performed in real conditions on electroplating industry sewage sample. Adsorption isotherms and metal ions kinetic modeling onto the adsorbent were determined based on Langmuir, Freundlich and first and second order kinetic models.Findings: At constant temperature of 25oC, optimal pH 7, contact time of 60 minutes and adsorbent concentration of 2g/L, zinc adsorption efficiency was reported to be 67.72% for real sample and 90.23% for synthetic sample. Based on the obtained results, zinc adsorption followed Langmuir model and second order kinetic equation.Discussion & Conclusions: As a result of  high adsorption potential in real sample, 67.720.0, Chlorella vulgaris can be efficiently used for zinc removal from industrial wastewaters.

Introduction: Chronic diseases such as Myocardial Infarction (MI) are incurable but can be prevented. However, these patients always are exposed to stressful physical, psychological and social factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life and social support in Myocardial Infarction patients and it also finds the relationship between these two factors.Materials & methods: the under population of present study were all of the qualified Myocardial Infarction patients who wanted to be cured and referred to one of the hospitals in Ilam city. The sample size was 152 Myocardial Infarction patients who were selected by random sampling method. The data were collected using a questionnaire which included three sections of demographic, the quality of life, and social support characteristics. The data were analyzed by SPSS-19 and were used from descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, T test and one-way ANOVA.Findings: The findings revealed that the quality of life in 57.33% of patients and social support in 58% of cases were non- optimal and there was a direct, significant relationship between these two factors (Pvalue=0.01). Among the components of the quality of life, the physical and psychological dimensions were not suitable in 45.33% and 60.67% patients, respectively. Among the social support dimensions, the structural sources of social support favored the highest percent (47.33%). Also, the Group membership (Pvalue=0.001, B=0.25) and social network (Pvalue=0.001, B=0.27) had a direct, significant relationship with quality of life.Discussion & Conclusions: Considering the fact that was a direct association between social support and quality of life in the myocardial infarction patient, it is recommended that the authorities and patient’s family take decisions and plan in a way that improves the social capital and social supports of patients and thus can influence the enhancement of the patients’ qualities of life.

Introduction: Plyometric exercises are used to improve strength and explosive power in athletes, but it is associated with muscle soreness and severe muscle damage due to eccentric contraction. It is believed that a combination of carbohydrate and protein could inhibit exercise-induced muscle damage due to the changes in protein metabolism.  Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of 500 ml low-fat milk on serum level muscle damage indices following one session of plyometric exercise.Materials & methods: The all undergraduate students of Birjand university were considered as a society population and then 20 persons were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=10) including supplementation and placebo groups. The supplementation group carried out 30 minutes of plyometric training (average of 210 movements) then immediately they consumed 500 ml low-fat milk. The placebo group received the same amount of water and also they performed similar protocol of plyometric exercise. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes were measured by photometry method.  The data were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, classical student t-tests, ANOVA and Bonferroni also were used for the detection of significant differences between groups by means of SPSS-19Findings: The serum level of LDH (p=0.03) and CK (p=0.006) during the 4 and 24 hours after the plyometric exercise were significantly lower in supplementation group than placebo respectively.Discussion & Conclusions: Consumption of low-fat milk immediately after a plyometric exercise could induce faster cleaning of muscle damage indices but its influence on LDH enzyme may be established in a shorter time interval.

Introduction: Endurance activity has a significant influence on remodeling of the heart, such as MHC protein, on otherhand,Purβ is mediator of repression of βMHC gene expression and decrease of its expression, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of endurance training on Purβ gene expression in the heart of trained wistar male rats. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on Purβgene expression in left ventricle.Materials & methods: For this purpose, 14 rats under controlled conditions (temperature, light/dark (12:12) cycle, with ad Libitum access to food and water) were housed and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups, the experimental group performed 14 weeks endurance exercise on motorized treadmill, and then 48 hours after the end of the last session were anesthetized as sacrificed. The left ventricle of the heart was removed. Real time RT-PCR method was used to determine the expression levels of Purβin the left ventricle. Finally, the obtained data were evaluated using t-test.Findings: The results of this research showed, physical activity not only influence on m-mode indices and heart weigh, but also it enhance weight and internal dimensions of heart which is coincide with the significantly decrease Purβgene expression.Discussion & Conclusions: Given to the different effects of endurance activities in the size of the heart And Pur&beta gene expression and also Purβ role on type &alpha of MHC isoform expression, it seems that  heart mass changes due to physical activities is related to type α of MHC isoform.

Introduction: Among the growing concerns over recent decades in the field of environmental pollution, is the use of antibiotics increase bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in human body. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Ciprofloxacin antibiotic removal from the aquatic environment.Material & methods: This empirical study was performed at useful volume of one liter, using 4-electrode reactor made of iron with area of 40 cm2 , in the ultrasonic device with fixed frequency 40 KHz. The effect of variables such as pH, antibiotic concentrations, the amount of hydrogen peroxide, current density were studied. was studied concentration of ciprofloxacin antibiotic was determined using HPLC wavelength of 275 nm, and due to the experimental and in laboratory condition, studies have been conducted, finally the average of the results were used. The concentration of COD was measured to ensure optimal efficacy of the process.Findings: The results showed that all variables can be effective on ciprofloxacin removal. The removal efficiency in the optimal conditions of pH=3, H2O2 concentration 150 mg/L, current density of 15 mA/cm2, the initial concentration of antibiotics 10 mg/L and a reaction time of 15 minutes was 97% and COD removal of 40 percent. Evaluated ion concentration was about 157 g/m3. In  these conditions, the removal efficiency of electrofenton and ultrasonic was 75 and 3 percent respectively.Discussion & Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the electrofenton is a suitable process for the removal of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The simultaneous use of this process with ultrasonic, namely sono-electrofenton, has enhanced its efficiency.

Introduction: Exposure to noise and heat individually causes some changes in the function of cardiovascular system in workplaces. This study was performed to find the effect of combined effect to heat and noise over systolic and diastolic types of blood pressure in experimentally controlled conditions.Matherials & methods: This longitudinal study was done on 12 males in climatic chamber in 2014. Blood pressure including Systolic and diastolic ones were measured in the following condition 15 minutes after rest in exposure to heat (40oC, RH: 30%) exposure to noise with 75, 85 and 95 dB rates in thermal comfort condition (22.1±0.9 WBGT) and combined exposure to heat (40oC, RH: 30%) and noise with 75, 85 and 95 dB. Friedman test was used to analyze the data.Findings: The mean systolic and diastolic rate of blood pressure showed significant difference  before and after exposure to heat and noise with the mentioned  levels (P>0.001).Discussion & Conclusions: At first, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased at exposure to heat, but prolonged exposure decreased the values. Exposure to different levels of noise (75, 85 and 95 dB) especially beyond occupationally standardized levels (95dB) causes elevation of both types of blood pressure to heat and noise. However, subtle changes of blood pressure happened in combined effect to heat and noise actually, middle condition of exposure including every one of heat and noise individually.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of parent-child conflict and self-concepts of reality therapy on male adolescent in Ilam.Materials & methods: This study employed an experimental research plan with pre- test and post-test with control group and random assignment. The population of this study consisted of male adolescents in Ilam and statistical sample was first grade students in 2014 of Shahriari and Motahari high school in Ilam, among which 30 individuals were randomly assigned in both intervention and control groups. To measure the dependent variable parent-child conflict and self-efficacy questionnaire was used.Findings: Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that in the post test scores of parent-child conflict in the subjects of experimental group was significantly reduced compared to the control group.Discussion & Conclusions: According to the obtained results it can be said that teaching concepts of reality therapy program reduces parent-child conflicts and increases self-efficacy in male children and adolescents and therefore it is suggested that this program be used to reduce parent-child conflicts and increase self-efficacy of male children and adolescents in educational, psychological and nurturing levels besides other programs.

Introduction: Intense exercise is known to cause temporary impairments in immune function. Few studies, however, have investigated the effects of intense competitive sports on immunoendocrine variables in athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of sport competition on responses of salivary immunoglobolin A (sIgA), cortisol and their relationships in adolescent karateka.Materials & methods: Ten boys karateka with average ages of 13.1±.9 yr, weight: 58±9.7 kg, and body mass index: 20.3±2.4 kg/m2, that acceded to final competition of Ilam province were selected as subjects of this study. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected to measure sIgA and cortisol levels with ELISA method before, immediately and 2 hours after competition. In order to analyze the data, Shapiro-Wilk, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements, Bonferroni and Pearson’s correlation tests at the significant level of p<0.05 were utilized.Findings: The sIgA level of adolescent karateka significantly decreased immediately in comparison with before competition (p=0.002), and increased significantly 2 hours after in comparison with immediately after competition (p=0.04). Also, the cortisol level of adolscent karateka increased significantly immediately (p=0.004), and 2 hours after in comparison with before the competition (p=0.038). In addition, there were no significant relationships between changes in sIgA and cortisol immediately (r=-0.47, p=0.16) and 2 hours (r=-0.36, p=0.22) after competition.Discusion & Conclusions: This results indicated that, official karate competition maybe with stimulating the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, causes increase in cortisol level and decrease of sIgA. It is concluded that, participant in karate competition suppressed mucousal immune system and enhanced possible risk of upper respiratory tract infection. Therefore, it could be necessary to take protective actions to minimize contact with pathogens or even reduce the training load for athletes.

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and adverse effects of food preservatives and additives are common problems of health and therapeutic systems that solve the problem and controlling them necessitate achieving a new group of antimicrobial compounds. In this regard, compounds derived from plant extracts as potential sources are of great importance.Materials & methods: The study has been carried out in two different stages including extracting and determining anti-bacterial properties of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extractions against four strains of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Disk diffusion and also well plate methods and afterwards measuring the diameter of inhibition zones were used as antimicrobial activity indicators. The antimicrobial activity of different extracts concentration was compared versus blank sample and common antibiotics that are used to treat bacterial infections.Findings: All three of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of A.A could create significant anti-bacterial properties compared with blank and antibiotic samples. At a concentration of 100 mg/ ml aqueous extract equivalent to 30% of ciprofloxacin but methanol extracts with the greatest impact about 71% of Vancomycin were creating inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis respectively. Minimum Inhibitory effect was resulted by aqueous extract against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis but the inhibitory effects of these extracts were significant in comparison with blank sample (p<0.01).Discussion & Conclusions: Aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extrtacts of A.A showed varying degrees of anti-bacterial properties that this effect depends on the concentration used. So, probably this inhibitory effect on the bacterial activity is attributable to materials that the adequacy of their extracting depends on used solvent features. It might be achieved to new antimicrobial compounds by identification and extraction of these materials.

Introduction: Peptide Brevinin-2R has been isolated from frog Ranaridibunda skin secretions. This peptide has anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties. Cerium oxide (CeO2, ceria) is a lanthanide metal oxide which has the ability to participate in the reduction and oxidation reactions. In this study, antioxidant properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with the peptide Brevinin 2R were measured.Materials & methods: Cerium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in starch solution. Then, the surface of cerium oxide nanoparticles was functionalized with amine and conjugated with peptide Brevinin-2R. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with peptide was evaluated by scavenging of DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Also, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation was investigated.Findings: The results showed that cerium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with peptide inhibits oxidation of linoleic acid and also served as radical scavenging of DPPH (IC50=0.2 mg/ml), ABTS (IC50=0.54 mg/ml), superoxide (IC50=0.078 mg/ml) and hydroxyl (IC50=0.1 mg/ml).Discussion & Conclusions: The results showed that cerium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with Brevinin-2R peptide isolated from frog skin had a strong antioxidant activity. Its antioxidant activity is probably because of presence of amino acids such as cysteine, phenylalanine, and hydrophobic amino acids including leucine and alanine. The antioxidant properties of peptide conjugated nanoparticle could be due to the presence of cerium oxide.

Introduction: The renal stone is a global health problem and nowadays, it has a high prevalence around the world.  Hyperoxaluria is one of the most important factors for calcium oxalate stone formation that is characterized with high level of oxalate excretion in urine. It is estimated that about 80% of renal stones have an oxalate origin, and one way for preventing renal stones in human body is its degradation by gastrointestinal bacterial such as oxalobacter formigenes, lactobacillus and bifidobacter. There are many reports using probiotics to preven renal stones. Up to now, no bacterium that is proficient in body oxalate degradation as probiotic has been recommended, In this survey for the first, time we evaluating the effects of specific oxalotroph bacteria Ammoniphilus oxalaticus DIM in reductionof the hyperoxaluria risk.Materials & methods: We induced exogenous hyperixaluria by adding ammonium oxalate 3%in rat diet. 12 male Wistar rat were randomly divided into three groups. Rats in the control group received the usual diet during the study. Negative controls were added to the diet of ammonium oxalate and ammonium oxalate in addition to the positive control bacteria levels were 2×1o9 cfu. Measurement of urinary biochemical factors on (-5, 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20) rats were transferred to metabolic cages and 24-hour urine samples were collected. The volume and acidity of the urine were measured and urinary oxalate levels were calculated by the kit. The results were analyzed by Post hoc multiple comparison test.Findings: Biochemical results showed the significantly reducing rate of urinary oxalate excretion at the positive control group in 3, 5 and 6th stages of sampeling. We didn’t observe any clinical symptoms between the examined rats.Discussion & Conclusions: Regarding positive effect of Ammoniphilus oxalaticus  DIM in reducing the rate of urine oxalate excretion and risk of hyperoxaluria, it  would  be a good candidate for prevention of kidney stones with calcium oxalate kidney stone and it is hoped that in case of positive pathological studies, these bacteria could be used to reduce the risk of disease in humans

Introduction: Student’s learning is very important in novel education methods. Team-based learning (TBL) is a structured form of cooperative learning, which aims to increase students’ skill of access to higher-level of cognitive learning using individual knowledge in a team. In this study, Physiotherapy and occupational students’ learning was done through the two methods of lecture and TBL for Hand Anatomy.Materials & methods: This study was carried on 36 Physical therapy and 21 Occupational therapy BS students of rehabilitation school of Tehran university of Medical Sciences in 2002 year. Students’ learning in topics instructed through multiple choice tests in lecture and TBL methods and assessment scores were compared using independent t and one-way ANOVA.Findings: Students exam scores were increased through TBL in 10.86 percent. Significant difference was observed between lecture and TBL (p≤0.05). A significant correlation was not found between their interest to learn through TBL or lectureDiscussion & Conclusions: The results showed that TBL method was more successful compared to lecture method. The findings of this study may prove helpful to change the opinion of students, lecturers, and educational managers about the effects of choosing appropriate training methods for knowledge transfer and achieving educational objectives.

Introduction: The contamination of poultry carcasses in slaughter house according to the number of poultry and systems has a risk for human health. In this research some Gram- negative bacteria were isolated from alimentary canal. In addition, serotyping of Salmonella was performed.Materials & methods: Four hundred alimentary canal specimens from 80 industrial poultry farms (5 chickens per farm) were sampled and sent to Ilam University laboratory. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified by mean of standard biochemical tests. The serotyping of salmonella isolates was carried out by the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. Sequence analyses for a representative selection of Gram-negative bacteria were performed commercially by Macrogen, South Korea.Findings: Out of 80 flocks, species of some genera including Proteus, Escherichia, Enterobacter and Salmonella were isolated form 75 (94 %), 40 (50%), 30 (38%) and 5 (6%) flocks, respectively. The results showed that three salmonellae were identified as Salmonella O7 (Group C1), one O8 (Group C2) and the other as O9 (Group D).Discussion & Conclusions: The high presence of the bacteria in poultry’s alimentary tract in slaughter house immediately before they were slaughtered may be a pose for human health hazards. Thus, based on the findings of this study poultry’s alimentary tract bacteria should be considered as a potential source of contamination for the public health.

Introduction: Studies have shown that half of the mothers complain labor pain. Because of the side effects of pharmacological pain killers on mothers and neonates, those medications are used lower than non-pharmacological methods in these days. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lavender essence inhalation on labor pain in nulliparous women.Materials & methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 120 pregnant women were selected by convenient sampling method and divided to case and control groups equally. The severity of the basal pain was measured at the beginning of active phase (4-5 cm cervical dilation) based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).Then, the case group received 2 drops of Lavandula oil inhaled at three stages) 4-5, 6-7, 8-9 cm cervical dilation (and severity of the labor pain was measured before and after intervention. Analytical statistics such as t-test and c2 were used.Findings: The results showed that difference in the labor pain before and after intervention in two groups was significant (P=0). But there was no difference in mean duration of the active phase and second stage of labor  between the two groups Discussion & Conclusions: The results indicated that lavender essence can reduce labor pain. Therefore, the results of this study can be used to make the process enjoyable and also reduce the cesarean section because of the fear of vaginal delivery. Besides, one can reduce the patients' need to sedative drugs and their side effects.

Introduction: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of existential group psychotherapy on depression in nulliparous women with postpartum depression.Materials & methods: This is an applied study that was conducted by a quasi-experimental. For this purpose, 100 primiparous women in their first six months delivery completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) by the phone.32 women that weren't at risk for postpartum depression, were excluded. Of the remaining 68 mothers, finally, by the clinical interview, 26 subjects (age: 29.23M=; 39.2SD =) achieved the Inclusion criteria. Then, they were appointed in control and experimental groups by random assignment. Members who attended in experimental group achieved 10 sessions of weekly group therapy by existential method,   but the control group received no intervention. Finally, members of both groups completed   Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale (EPDS).Findings: The results of comparing post-test of depression scores in two groups with using analysis of covariance by controlling the effect  variables showed that there were significant differences in Depression scores in intervention group and the control group (05.0p <, 86.12 = (2,28) F).Discussion & Conclusions: Thus, based on the findings of this study it can be said that the method of existential group psychotherapy decreased depressive symptoms in nulliparous women with postpartum depression.

Introduction: Background radiation is originated from environmental radioactive sources cosmicandterrestrial.Materials distribution onsurface of the earth and height from sea level are not the same at various points.Absorbed dose caused by them were different at various points.In this research, Background radiation level inoutdoor different areas of Ilam province was measured and effective dose ratecaused by it was calculated.Materials & methods: RDS -110 detector was used to measure background radiation. The metal base with a height of 1m was used for measuring at the same altitude and detector placed on the metal base. Outdoor backgroundradiationwas measured for seven points (The highest altitude, the lowest point North, South, East and West). Measured datawas entered to SPSS16 software for statistical operations. The mean equivalent dose rate andstandard deviation were calculated. By using the dosimetry calculations, the amount of annals effective dose rate in outdoor was calculated for different regions of Ilam province.Findings: The mean equivalent dose rate caused by outdoor background radiation for different regions of Ilam province was obtained based on unit nSvh-1 include: Ilam 84±10.67, Ivan 82±10.71, Dehloran 78±12.61, Abdanan 80±11.21, Sirvan 97±15.50, Mehran 75±10.31, Malekshahi 88±13.78, Dareshahr 95±14.15, Badreh 85±8.82 and Chardavol 93±13.20.The maximum outdoor equivalent dose rate was in Sirvan area with 97±15.50nSvh-1 and minimum value in Mehran area with 75±10.31nSvh-1. The average of outdoor annals equivalent dose rate in entire Ilam province 85.7±7.5 nSvh-1 in comparison average world 59 nSvh-1 is more than 44%. Well as annual effective dose rate was 0.107±0.009 nSvy-1.Discussion & Conclusions: Ilam provincehasmore mean-annualequivalent dose rate and effective dose rate compared to global average annualequivalent dose rate and effective dose ratedue to mountainous and relatively high altitude from sea level.