Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences
Year:2004 | Volume:12 | Issue:42-43|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Cyclosporine- A (CSA) is still regarded as a common Immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation. CSA induced in effects by inhibition approach to reduce the risk of graft rejection and to prevent the toxicity effects.Methods: In this investigation, CSA level in the blood (peak level and Trough level) was monitored in 38 kidney recipients during 1 months after transplantation. Haematological- biochemical parameters, drug interaction and clinical manifestations were observed during this period. Results revealed that the CSA clearance in our patients is maximized in patients under 32 years old contray to those reports from Europan centers which emphasize on patients under 45 years old.Results: CSA peak and Trough level increased significantly in patients. In contrast, CSA dose, cystolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly reduced. This finding further suggests that a safe and efficient dose for CSA in our patients is (3.02-5.82) mg/kg with a therapeutic windows for peak and Trough level of (520- 1446) and (197-492) ng/ml respectively (CSA and metabolites). Discussion: In cases which only the parents, CSA (without its metabolites) was measured, the therapeutic windows for Trough level was (81-301) ng/ml. The finding indicate compared with the higher dose and CSA peak and Trough level already recommended in western and European transplant centers.

Introduction: Release and entering of chemical compounds from the coating of water reservoir and pipes into drinking water results in water pollution. A process that occasionally lead to health hazards. Carsinogenic effects of aromatic hydrocarbon and other organic elements due to pipelinings and reservoir coatings are examples of these hazards.Methods: This laboratorial study was conducted in the research center of petrolium industry in 2000 to determine the quality of three samples of colorized coating layer of water pipes and resorvois and to assess the possibility of releasing coating elements into water according to ASTM Standard. Results: According to the results, phenol compounds released into water is sometimes more than the standard level. However in other compounds and elements, the measured levels are less than the standard.Discussion: Accurate coatings and care for coating process result to in increase of resistance pipes in water and corrosive environments, There for in short exposures, the possibility of water pollution is decreased to minimum. However, it is essential to practice further studies for a more accurate assessment of organic coatings hazards to drinking water.

Introduction: the irregular increase in population as well as the consequent numerous difficulties is considered a remarkable problem on earth in general and in particular in developing counries today. Unwanted pregancy is an essential factor for it. Therefore, This study considers factors effective in unwanted pregnancies.Methods: This was a descriptive- analytic and sectional research in which 380 qualified cases, referring to Dam health centers in 2001, were selected by accident and studied using questionnaires. Then, The obtained data were analyzed by statistical tests.Results: The finds proved a significant relation between facters such as The couple's ages and educational levels, number of children, The children's sexes, Knowledge on contraceptive approaches such as using Depoprovera in jection / condoms/ IUD/ PCP and unwanted pregnancies (p=0.000).Discussion: Considering the findings, it seems necessary to promote much mort The quality of family- programme consultations as well as training families on how to apply contraceptive means accurately.

Introduction: Cesarean is necessary only when a normal delivery to a child is impossible.Methods: This descriptive- analytic research intended to consider the causes and prevalence of cesarean at state and non-state hospitals of Mashhad 609 of pregnant women referred to Mashhad selected hospitals were picked up randomly (215 from the academic and 394 from non- governmental (hospital).Observations and interview was used to obtain the needed data. The reasons for cesareans were determined by the researchers and physicians. Proportion comparison were used. Results: The finds showed a 26.9% prevalence of cesarean at academic hospitals and 67.6% at non-state ones- state ones. There was a significant difference between the two (P<0.005).The reasons for cesareans at academic hospitals based on their prevalence included; previous cesaresn 38.6%, fetal distress 15.8%, lack of progress 10.2%, abnormal presentations 9.3% and disorders between head and hip 6%. There was a significant relation between the causes at the two types of hospitals (P=0.001).Discussion: It is concluded that cesarean is done as the last choiceby physicians at most the state hospitals. However, cesareans of unnecessary indications are more prevalent at non- governmental centers than those of state ones.

Introduction: Latex as a widly- consumed product is used by man all over the world. Today, it is considered a debilitating occupational illness from which 5- 15% of health care providers suffer. 90% of the allergy is thought to be due to latex gloves which are more than all used at operation and labour wards, laboratories and emergencies.Methods: This descriptive cross- sectional research has tried to determine the rate of sensitivity to latex among the health. staff and its relation to individual characteristics of the studied units in 2002. The research cases included 68 health employees working at hospitals afriliated to Arak medical university. These people were selected on a sampling approach. The data collected by questionairs were analyzed using chi interpretive and descriptive statistics and Fischer test.Results: According to the finds, 21% of studied units were, in general, sensitive to latex. A significant relation was also proved between the allergy and sex, sort of the ward, Job precedence and the times of applying latex gloves (p<0.05). Discussion: Cosidering a high prevalence of latex allergy and the increasing usage of gloves containing latex among the health the staff, it seems inevitable to train the staff who was the gloves, to wash hands with water and soap and drying them well in addition to rinsing the gloves.

Introduction: The increasing development of technology as well as sciences in all fields of man's life from one side and social- individual vital .needs of today to run a better life in addition to tendency toward self-sufficiency from the other make research an inevitable necessity.Methods: This descriptive cross- sectional study, 199 of students were studied in a classical randomized sampling as the case group in 2001. The researcher's questionnaires were the mean to collect data. Some members of faculty were also asked obtained using halving as 86%.Results: The finds showed that most the students (59.3%) had not participated in research work shops. The students' attitude as well as the tendency of most the answers toward liberary and after resources, the effectiveness of education on research, research group activities and the researcher's status in society indicated middle to poor. There was a significant relation between the variables as sex and attitude. toward executive obstacles as well as between research group activities and the researcher's status in society (p<0.05).Discussion: Considering the finds, an accurate planning to make a reliable and attractive bridge between the class and the executive authorities seems necessary. It is also suggested to prepare learning room to imple the students toward research activities under appropriate superrision.

Introduction: Cardiovascular crisis is on important emergency that nurses may encounter, therefore, it is necessary to train able nursing staff to identify and manager these problems. However, some studies show that most the nursing graduate and students lack optimum skill on it. The goal of this study is to determine senior nursing students abilities to perform intensive coronary cares.Methods: This descriptive study has been practised on 37 students in two groups(18=control, 19= case group) based on passing pre-internship course in critical care. The clinical ability was evaluated by OSCE including 8 stations: 1-basic CPR 2-heart focused physical examination and history taking 3-deep and superficial suction of respiratory system 4- one station for recalling question 5-four stations for arrhy thmic identification and control. The section was observed by trained people through a valid cheeklist and a trained standard patient who played the role of a patient with chest pain. The CPR station was equipped with intell gent mannequin an observer. The criteria for passing the exam was obtaining 70% of total score and in each station.Results: According to the results no one could pass the exam by total score of over 70% and in arrhy thmia stations no one could obtain more than %50 either. Thus, there was no significant difference between the two groups, but in CPR skill the case group (passing preinternship course) were significantly better than the control group (0/005). In some stations. The control group was better than the other one. The evaluation of standard patient and observer indicated no difference but showed a high positive correlation (person: %89). It is suggested that SP can be used as observer for reduction of unwanted effects of direct observation.Discussion: In general, the abilities of the two group were unacceptable; therefore, it seems essential to review on approaches of clinical teaching and evaluation in nursing education.

Introduction: Salf- medication as an inevitable measure is considered a problem in the process of patients' treatments. It is an important reason the apply drugs irregularly in Iran.Methods: This descriptive cross- sectional research for which 600 people were randomly selected from different parts of Dam was carried out in 2003. The data were collected through interviews and questionaires. Then X2 statistical test was used to analyze the data.Results: The finds showed no significant relation between self- medication and variables of sex and education, while they proved a significant relation between it and the ages of the studied cases (p<0.05). This is claimed because self- medication among under-forty ages was more than that of over-forty. The findings also indicated that women were more accurate to read the brochure, and consume the drugs (p=0.008).It was also under stood that having insurance as well as receiving related guids and instructions from physicians and pharmacologists would decrease self- medication habits.Discussion: It is finally concluded that giving instructions to people and medical groups along with aging will. Cause a decline in self- medication.