URBAN MANAGEMENT
Year:2019 | Volume:18 | Issue:54 |Papers Count:17

The emergence of new rural-towns, due to the growth of rural settlements and their identification as cities, caused many changes on social, economic and physical dimensions of these communities. These research focuses on assessing the differences in the urban system of Guilan province at the sub-regional level. The question of the research is what impact had transformation of rural settlements to city on changing of settlement system in different sub-regions in Guilan province. Differences in population density, urbanization rate, geographic-climatic and environmental structure of sub-regions, make the study of this province and its sub-regions important as a unique example. The method used in this research is descriptive-evaluative and data collection method is documentary. The study of the distribution pattern of cities in Guilan province in terms of four distinct sub-regions shows that the largest number of cities and population has been concentrated in the Sepidrood’ s Western region. Transformation of rural settlements to city as a policy in sub-regions with old cities or primate-city, was more inefficient than sub-regions lacking of old cities. With this argument, it can be said that instead of applying reclassification of rural settlements to city as a planning policy, in sub-regions with old urban structure, especially with primate city domination, it is necessary to apply other policies; that developing middle-sized cities can be considered as an efficient policy.

The human and his relationship with his environment and other human beings has always been the subject of the minds of architects and researchers and to this day, various theories and discussions of the important and influential components of humanity and its relation to society have been raised. Ownership is a fundamental concept in this area; a concept that is very complex, dense, vague and difficult. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain what and why it is, because this understanding has a practical aspect to create the human space, and a person has to have a decent location to satisfy his inner needs. Therefore, the grounded theory field has been chosen to comprehensively and deepen the problem, explaining the components of the concept of ownership, its quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Finally, by presenting a diagram of the role of ownership in human life, it can be stated that ownership can be found in different ways, resulting in different productivity, which is consistent with the concepts of “ territory” “ And” privacy “ in construction.

Today, the high cost of housing and the lack of quality have become a concern for many communities and families. The purpose of this study is to move towards the proper housing with a good quality and optimal price. The research method is a hybrid. The information gathering section was used through library-field studies and then we continued with Delphi technique. The statistical population of this study was the faculty members and experts in urban planning and architecture of Beheshti University and university of science and technology of Iran. We used their information through a questionnaire. According to the results of the research, the factors affecting the quality of housing and its price are divided into four general categories of physical, economic, social and managerial, the most important of them in the field of housing economics are: design, materials, technology, land prices, inflation, supply and demand, and. . . The most important component of housing quality are: form, relationship with nature, context, access and… . And their relationship analysis show that the following components have the strongest relationship with the specified weight: (Design-building form (8. 8)), (design-interior functions (7. 5)), (design – relationship with nature (7. 4)), (construction cost-building form (7. 2)), (design – context of project (7)), (Technology-form of building (7)), (land price-service diversity (6. 6)), (ownership type and building form (6. 6), (design-passages and accesses (6. 4).

The spiritual principles governing traditional Iranian architecture have deep roots in the culture and thoughts of this border. Introversion has been considered as one of the principles of Islamic architecture in the organization of various organs, especially in traditional houses. This research investigates the principle of introversion in Iranian housing in order to study how to use this principle in traditional Iranian architecture. In order to achieve this goal, space syntax techniques have been used. This study was carried out on 35 samples of traditional houses in 7 Iranian cities with a arid and warm climate. The method that used in this research is an interpretive-historical method with the technic of analysis content. We used the Rhino software (Grasshopper Plugin) and UCL DepthmapX for quantitative analysis. The results show that our traditional architects, using the appropriate spatial layout, created a structure for traditional houses, which, in addition to meeting the physical needs of users, have the spiritual needs of an intrusive housing with respect to the space hierarchy, privacy, and center-centered spaces.

At present, the most important organizational asset for success in the areas of competitiveness, staffing known. All human resource management processes, identify needs and respond effectively to their staff, improve staff productivity and consequently a major impact on the organization. The typology of the needs of employees in the organization and how to satisfy them is very important. This study “ superior relationship with God needs human resources” in Zahedan is the municipal staff. The period of the study in 1393 and were the statistical population of 2032 people. In order to collect the data, the questionnaire was superior excellence of human resources and inventory needs. To determine the validity, content validity and reliability test, Cronbach’ s alpha was used for all the components, all of which were higher than 7/0. Sampling, cluster-stratified sample of 324 people is estimated. Data collected through questionnaires, the structural equation modeling using LISREL 8. 8 software have been analyzed. The results of the research, positive relationship between the needs of human resource excellence confirms the Premier.

The subject of this paper is to investigate the effect of different types of green spaces on social and economic influences on survival indexes. The questionnaires data collected in this paper are filled in by the researchers of architecture and landscape. Investigating the relationship between landscape functions, landscape distance from residential environments and landscape elements economic and social factors affecting the improvement of habitability in cities is an approach to achieve social and economic sustainability of green spaces and cities themselves. Knowing the factors affecting habitability in cities is one of the most important components in this regard. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. The data collection method is a descriptive and inferential statistics questionnaire and analysis technique. The statistical population of the engineers and experts is about quality of space and quality of life and the number of samples is 80 people. Data analysis is done through SPSS software. The results show that the type of green space structure, the issue of green space and the type of green space have a direct impact on the change of the indicators of habitability in cities. In general, parks located far from cities and industrial parks have little effect on changing the social and economic sustainability indicators in cities. In contrast to green spaces that are far from diverse environments, functional and green spaces with commercial and recreational performance have the greatest impact on social and economic viability indicators.

Urban population is rising constantly. This process has caused a lot of problems in the cities, which has affected all aspects of the city. The results are greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, air pollution and many other environmental problems. Also, the capacity of cities in developing countries and organic and traditional tissues is not proportional to the volume imposed on them, and the way of deal with these problems are confined to these tissues is also largely based on physical methods that do not have the necessary efficiency. One of the suggested approaches to solving the environmental problems of cities is smart city. In this research, index related to the smart city and then the solutions that each of these index are facing in environmental problems are stated. therefore, in this research, index related to the smart city and then the strategies that each of these indicators are facing in environmental problems have been expressed. In order to evaluate and prioritize the indicators, the indexes were firstly categorized according to Albain (2015) dimensions, and then, using ANP, the priority and importance of each of the indicators was explained. Finally, smart city indicators that can be effective in reducing environmental problems and a theoretical framework are explained.

Claims have become inherent features in projects and in particular urban projects that have a negative impact on the time and cost of project implementation. To solve this problem, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a claim in a project by identifying the root causes of the claim (source) and reducing its impact on the direct causes of the claim (cause). In this regard, in a two-stage study, first claims of DBF contracts in Tehran metro projects were collected, and the source and cause of the claims were separated and distributed through the questionnaire among the experts, and the most important of each one was identified. In the second stage, using the Delphi method, the relationship between the source and the cause of the claims (the effect of the origins on each cause) was identified and distributed through the questionnaire among experts and based on that the most important source of each cause of the claim was identified. The research findings indicate that the look at the sources should be due to the importance of its impact on any cause of the claim, and a separate look at the source of the claim will not show the importance of each source and with this look it’ s better to know their significance so that better strategies can be put in place to prevent them. The results of the research show that managerial changes in the employer (Tehran municipality) and inappropriate selection of the project delivery system are one of the most important sources of claims in urban projects.

Vitality is considered as one of the desirable qualities of life, which plays a vital role in the solidarity of citizens. In order to achieve this, we must make a comprehensive understanding of the dimensions of environmental vitality factors in the open spaces of residential complexes. The purpose of this study is to identify the importance of the effect of each environmental vitality factors in the open spaces of residential complexes. The variables were extracted by interviews. Finally questionnairees were distributed among residents of studied complexes. Then, fuzzy logic and Matlab software were used to evaluate the environmental vitality factors, the variables that had “ low” and “ very low” effects in different environmental vitality were eliminated, and thus, the factors affecting the environmental vitality in Open spaces of residential complex were identified. The results indicate that the socio-cultural dimension is the most effective dimensions on environmental vitality in open spaces of residential complexes. Also, vitality in different dimensions of open space has not been considered in all of the visited complexes. Only Atisaz B complex meets the needs of residents in open space and components of cultural and social activities are addressed in open spaces of ASP and Atisaz B complexes.

People always try to approach their housing ideals; spontaneous physical interventions are one of the manners, but may follow up with negative Consequences. In this study, in conjunction with investigating dependency of ‘ Spontaneous physical interventions done by Residents” and “ residential satisfaction” , the most common transformation activities and also the most important operational obstacles of resident’ s desired changes will be discussed. This is a Correlation research. For collecting data alongside with utilizing relevant resources, proportional to the aim of the research a questionnaire was designed and randomly distributed among residents of residential complexes in Tehran. To discover associations between variables, data was analyzed in a quantitative manner through correlation tests. According to investigations, although decrease in the level of residential satisfaction will increase the tendency to do spontaneous housing intervention, correlation of “ applied housing interventions” and “ residential satisfaction” is not significant; this suggests attendance of an architect as an advisor in the process of interventions is urgent.

Since humans are social creatures, social needs are answered in public spaces. Therefore spaces that have the ability to respond to the humans cultural-social needs are essential. In recent decades, changing the way we live in societies fade collective and social activities are popular in large cities. Problems related to the neighborhood units of Tehran metropolitan, along with weakness in urban management, urban growth rapid and sustainable neighborhoods issue in Tehran caused to be established the house of the neighborhood. Neighborhood houses are one of the tools of empowerment and participation of people relying on the local management approach and implementation of the healthy city that with the establishment in Tehran neighborhoods as facilitator, improves the health of residents through public participation and intersectional collaboration. Research question is that the homes in the neighborhood to what extent have been successful in realization urban management goals in region seven of Tehran metropolitan? Research method is analytical and based on field observations and interviews with Managers of neighborhood houses by questionnaire. The results show that Salamat (health), Elm va Zengi (science and life) and Tasnim homes has been more successful than others. It was also found that neighborhood houses in various neighborhoods in terms of function and activity levels are significantly different from each other, as well as the success of neighborhood homes in achieving the goals of urban management, due to lack of sufficient evidence have not confirmed by researchers.

Good urban governance means that distribution of land uses, amenities and services in different urban levels should be in a manner that citizens don’ t feel any Discrimination and injustice and appropriate use of urban services would be available. This research aims to investigate good urban governance through identifying the effective indicators in achieving spatial and social equity. The case study is the city of Rasht. The research method is based on ducumental survey types. The sample size is determined 400 people. We used correlation coefficient tests and topsis analysi in order to analyse data and prove hypotheses. Results show that there is wide different between 5 districts of Rasht in terms of using amenities and services and marjinal areas is in worst status. In conclusion, we found out that citizen’ s satisfaction in relation to good urban governance indicators as well as spatial and social equity is in medium rate. On the other hand, there is a meaningful relation between good urban governance and spatial and social equity in the city. At last results of SWOT analysis showed that the conservative strategies for enhancing the existing situation is the best one.

Iran is considered as one of the world’ s lesser sources of water resource and in order to optimize the use of available water resources, recognizing these resources is inevitable. To simulate water resources at a widespread level, it is essential to use a comprehensive model that is capable of simulating large-scale models, one of which is the SWAT model. Also, the availability of water resources should be investigated in light of climate change which in this research the climate change bundle is used to study climate change. The base period for this study is from 1992-2016 and the era from 2020-2050. The results indicates that an increase in precipitation in the southwest and a 5% decrease in rainfall in the eastern part of the city. As well there is the possibility of an average temperature rise of up to 3 degree Celsius. Accessible water resources in the city of Bardsir include blue and green water that the amount of blue water in the middle regions is higher than that of other parts and the western parts will have higher evapotranspiration. In addition, the soil moisture content in the southern part will be higher than in the other areas. Therefore, it is unavoidable to heed these areas in order to devise grandiose plans for the dry farming.

The growth in urban societies, and development of urban areas, has led to emergence of metropolises, which subsequently causes an increase in waste generation, and numerous environmental issues. Therefore, solid waste management is an important factor. In many urban areas which using the waste transfer stations system, poor management in the contexts of location, design, and performance, has destructively affected the environment and the human. The objective(s) of this study is investigation of the environmental and health aspects of waste transfer stations, in terms of the amount of leachate in the station area, as well as air pollution, and the noise pollution by the station’ s activity in residential areas. For this purpose, samples were taken, and measurements of the pollutants were conducted. The results of analysis of the samples indicated that the BOD and COD levels for the station under study were equal to 52200, and 80000 mg/L (milligram per litre), respectively, which are higher than the sewage outlet standard level, in both cases. Moreover, the dust pollution at different location points on the site were measured and found to be lower than the standard limit and is considered as satisfactory. Furthermore, the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the staff room, was 1275 ppm, which is high compared to the standard limits. The results of the noise exposure measurements in different location points on the station were also found to be higher than the standard limits. At last, approaches to improve the quality status of the solid waste transfer station based on solutions for reducing and controlling existing environmental pollution.

Tehran metropolis is the largest metropolis in Iran and one of the most populous cities in the world. But management is facing a lot of challenges and the management weakness and planning system have created challenges for the city. The purpose of the present research is to prioritize the effective indicators on the implementation of integrated urban management in Tehran metropolis, this integration is for better and more coordination and efficient management of the city. The type research is practical-developmental and the methodology is descriptive-analytical and causal. The required information comes from numerous resources such as the library, documents, and field observations. The statistical population of the study consists of experts, specialists, and authorities of urban management and for analysis, SPSS software, Chi-Square test, and AHP technique were used. The results of the research show that Tehran metropolitan area lacks a strategic plan and ultimately the indicators affecting urban management are prioritized, the criterion of vertical integrity with the coefficient of 0. 456 and the criterion of laws and stable financial resources with 0. 299 have the first and last priorities, respectively.