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Title

The natural-geographical factors of various categories of people in the geographical and medical books of the Islamic world

Author(s)

 Hejri Sajjad | POUR MOHAMMADI AMLESHI NASRLOLLAH | RAHIMI ABDOLRAFIA | Issue Writer Certificate 

Pages

  93-120

Keywords

al-ʾAhwiya (the air)Q4
the fourth region (ʾIqlim)Q4
Masakin Miyah (the water)Q4

Abstract

 The question of people's physical and spiritual diversity has an ancient history and can be traced back to the ancient world. This question has also been discussed in the medical and geographical-historical books of the Islamic world, and the natural-geographical factors of the diversity of houses/soils, water/waters, and airs, and the distance and proximity of the sun and the angle of its radiation have been considered to be influential in the moral and character traits of people and the cause of diversity. They are counted among the people, and the air is the most special, which is mentioned in medical books in the discussion of the "necessary element" of maintaining health. After short research of these factors in some of the ancient and medieval written heritage of the Islamic world, this article examines the character and personality characteristics of the people of Baghdad, the scientific, cultural, and political capital of the Islamic world for long centuries (from the emergence to the fall) in relation to their land in some Its historical-geographical works cover centuries. Obviously, the thinkers and scientists of the Islamic world have explained the diversity of the people with the aforementioned natural-geographical factors, without being subject to geographical determinism.

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