SOCIAL CONCERNS IN LITERARY AND MYSTICAL WORKS OF NAJM AL-DIN RAZI

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JOUKAR NAJAF

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Journal: Year:2007 | Volume:26 | Issue:2 (51) Page(s): 105-123

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Information Journal Paper

Title

SOCIAL CONCERNS IN LITERARY AND MYSTICAL WORKS OF NAJM AL-DIN RAZI

Author(s)

JOUKAR NAJAF | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

NAJM AL-DIN RAZIQ2

MERSAD AL-EBADQ3

IDEALISMQ3

ADVOCACY OF JUSTICEQ4

DISCIPLINED RELIGIOUS OUTLOOKQ3

Abstract

Introduction: NAJM AL-DIN RAZI, who was born in Rey in 573 A.H. and died in Baghdad in 654 A.H., is one of the outstanding Persian mystics. Besides guiding his disciples, preaching and advising followers, he has left behind several books the most famous being MERSAD AL-EBAD. Verses and line of this book can be found in his other books, Marmuzat-e Asadi dar Mazmurat Davudi and Resaleh Eshq. One of his concerns was to fight against cruelty and corruption.This study looks at his place of birth, Rey, which had always been a center of intrigue and disturbances and the effects of the political and social atmosphere of the time upon Razi.This paper uses a biographical-historical approach to study the influence of political and social upheaval of the time on NAJM AL-DIN RAZI. A close study of his poetry also helps to understand his views better.Discussion: Factors influencing the social concerns of Najm Al-Din comprise his travels, the environment of Rey and the political and social atmosphere of his time. The frame work of his views regarding the well-being of society rests upon four elements: 1) a DISCIPLINED RELIGIOUS OUTLOOK, 2) IDEALISM, 3) ADVOCACY OF JUSTICE and 4) recognition of social abnormalities and how to prevent them.Najm al-Din believes that the goal of creation was mankind. In Mersad he divides knowledge into intuitive, relative, and subjective knowledge; in Marmuzat Asadi he divides knowledge into four classes: intuitive, relative, subjective and traditional. However, he considers intuitive knowledge as the highest degree of knowledge. His belief in a utopian society is rooted in the Qur'anic teaching and his own IDEALISM. His example of a good government is that of Solomon and David. It seems that he agrees with Al-Farabius in following the Prophet's example in running the society.Najm al-Din believes that side by side with justice and generosity to the subjects, criminals should be dealt with as they deserve. He also tells each class of the society how to behave giving them a list of pitfalls to be aware of.Conclusion: Najm al-Din pondered over political and social problems of his time. In contrast to many of the mystics, his frequent travels to Islamic countries and the political upheavals of the time helped him to be concerned and involved in the well-being of the people. In his books MERSAD AL-EBAD and Marmuzat-e Asadi he tried to find the roots of social injustices while at the same time he proposed suitable governmental pattern to lead the subjects to prosperity and salvation. He believed that if the conduct and behavior of the king and the subjects were based upon the love of God, their life could be considered as a part of the mystical journey.

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APA: Copy

JOUKAR, NAJAF. (2007). SOCIAL CONCERNS IN LITERARY AND MYSTICAL WORKS OF NAJM AL-DIN RAZI. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY, 26(2 (51)), 105-123. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/13439/en

Vancouver: Copy

JOUKAR NAJAF. SOCIAL CONCERNS IN LITERARY AND MYSTICAL WORKS OF NAJM AL-DIN RAZI. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY[Internet]. 2007;26(2 (51)):105-123. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/13439/en

IEEE: Copy

NAJAF JOUKAR, “SOCIAL CONCERNS IN LITERARY AND MYSTICAL WORKS OF NAJM AL-DIN RAZI,” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY, vol. 26, no. 2 (51), pp. 105–123, 2007, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/13439/en

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