REPRESENTATION OF OPENNESS (

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ZAHIRI NAV B.; SHAFIGHI E.

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Journal: Year:2007 | Volume:26 | Issue:2 (51) Page(s): 145-161

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Information Journal Paper

Title

REPRESENTATION OF OPENNESS ("BAST") IN MOWLAVI'S SHAMS LYRICS

Author(s)

ZAHIRI NAV B. | SHAFIGHI E. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

JALAL AL-DIN MOHAMMAD MOWLAVIQ2

SHAMS LYRICSQ2

QABZ AND BAST (OPENNESS AND COMPRESSION)Q2

MYSTICAL POETRYQ2

HAPPINESSQ2

Abstract

Introduction: Sufis use the two terms of "qabz" (compression) and "bast" (openness) to show different attitudes towards life. Openness is interpreted as joy and HAPPINESS of the heart while compression is sadness and sorrow of the heart. The pious mysticism following the principles of religion strictly does not leave any place for joy and HAPPINESS while loving mysticism looks at mercifulness and forgiveness of God pushing aside sadness and fear.Openness is not meant as an abstract mystical term but all the thing that lead to joy and tolerance. Mystics like Abu al-Hasan Kharaqani, Bayazid Bastami, Abu Hafs, Shah Kermani, and Hasan Basri have followed sadness and compression while some others like Abu Soleiman Darani, Abu Said Abu al-Khayr and Mowlavi have turned to joy and openness.In this paper a philosophical-historical approach is used to study the idea of openness in Mowlavi's Shams Sonnets.Discussion: JALAL AL-DIN MOHAMMAD MOWLAVI followed his father's tradition regarding joy and HAPPINESS. Certain things such as death, cruelty and bitterness in life, which ordinarily lead to sorrow and sadness for people, bring joy and HAPPINESS for him; such joy is sustained through dance, sama' and prayers.Death for Mowlavi is a rebirth; thus he praises death and considers it a step in the development of the soul. So he advises his followers to celebrate and show pleasure in the face of adversity and death. He also prefers spiritual intoxication to sobriety. Mowlavi's hope in God's forgiveness is another reason for HAPPINESS. Mowlavi's use of a variety of different meters and specifically rhythmical and happy meters is evidence to his preference of intoxication.Conclusion: Mowlavi's Diwan of poetry shows the process of his moving from sadness and entering the stage of HAPPINESS; his book of SHAMS LYRICS is full of joy and HAPPINESS representing the mystical idea of openness. What he considers as openness with regards to death, hope for union and harshness of being ignored is actually compression and sadness for many others. He considers death as sugar and candy. He was instrumental in spreading the idea of showing HAPPINESS in burials. Mowlavi considers life as the foam of the sea; he does not care much for this world. He sees love alive and moving everywhere, thus he lives with joy and emphasizes HAPPINESS.

Cites

ATTITUDE OF SHAMS TOWARD HAPPINESS

References

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APA: Copy

ZAHIRI NAV, B., & SHAFIGHI, E.. (2007). REPRESENTATION OF OPENNESS ("BAST") IN MOWLAVI'S SHAMS LYRICS. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY, 26(2 (51)), 145-161. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/13445/en

Vancouver: Copy

ZAHIRI NAV B., SHAFIGHI E.. REPRESENTATION OF OPENNESS ("BAST") IN MOWLAVI'S SHAMS LYRICS. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY[Internet]. 2007;26(2 (51)):145-161. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/13445/en

IEEE: Copy

B. ZAHIRI NAV, and E. SHAFIGHI, “REPRESENTATION OF OPENNESS ("BAST") IN MOWLAVI'S SHAMS LYRICS,” JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY, vol. 26, no. 2 (51), pp. 145–161, 2007, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/13445/en

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