Gaps in the crime of espionage in Iran's criminal system

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Khodashahi Mahdi; Majidi Mahmod; Zolfaghari Mahdi

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Geography (Regional Planning) Year:2024 | Volume:13 | Issue:2 Page(s): 589-608

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Gaps in the crime of espionage in Iran's criminal system

Author(s)

Khodashahi Mahdi | Majidi Mahmod | Zolfaghari Mahdi | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

EspionageQ4

Iran'Q4

s criminal systemQ4

RightsQ4

loopholes and ambiguitiesQ4

Abstract

Espionage, as one of the most important crimes against security, has long been the focus of various legal systems, including Iran's criminal system. Due to its harmful nature for the national security and political stability of countries, this crime has always been at the top of the crimes that have been the focus of lawmakers and judicial authorities. In Iran's criminal system, the crime of Espionage is included in various laws, including the Law on Punishment of Armed Forces Crimes. , the Islamic Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Armed Forces have been discussed. However, due to the increasing complexity of Espionage in today's era and the increasing spread of new spy tools and methods, it seems that there are gaps and ambiguities in the existing laws in this field. The findings of this research show that the crime of Espionage in Iran's criminal system has a special position and there are many laws and regulations to deal with this crime. However, in some cases, these laws and regulations have gaps and ambiguities that need to be resolved. Also, in the judicial procedure regarding some There is no complete unanimity of the elements and elements of the crime of Espionage

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