CLAY MINERALOGY RELATIONSHIPS WITH POTASSIUM FORMS IN DIFFERENT PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITS

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Alamdari P.; KAMRANI V.; MOHAMMADI M.H.

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Journal: Journal of Water and Soil Year:2016 | Volume:29 | Issue:6 Page(s): 1578-1589

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Title

CLAY MINERALOGY RELATIONSHIPS WITH POTASSIUM FORMS IN DIFFERENT PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITS

Author(s)

Alamdari P. | KAMRANI V. | MOHAMMADI M.H. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

CLAY MINERALSQ2

ILLITEQ1

K FORMSQ1

SMECTITEQ2

Abstract

Introduction: Potassium is an essential element for plant growth and its importance in agriculture is well known. Total soil potassium reserves are generally large; although the distribution of K FORMS differs from soil to soil as a function of the dominant soil CLAY MINERALS present. The objectives of the present study were: (i) the content, forms, and distribution of K as a function of clay mineralogy in different physiographic units; (ii) to investigate the relationship between K fractions and their physiographic units. Materials and Methods: The study area is located in south of eastern Azarbaijan province, north of Iran.The region stands between 37° 45' and 38° 00' N latitudes and 46° 00' and 46° 15' E longitudes. The present climate of the region has dry and hot summers, cold and wet winters; with an average rainfall of 334 mm. soil moisture and temperature regimes of study area are xeric and mesic, respectively. Site selection for studied pedons was based on a reconnaissance survey from different physiographic units, namely, pedons 1, 2 and 3 located on Piedmont Plain (PP), pedons 4, 5 and 6 on Rivera Alluvial Plain (RAP) and pedons 7, 8 and 9 on Low Lands (LL). Soils were described and classified based on soil survey manual and keys to soil taxonomy. Samples were air dried, crushed and passed through a 2mm sieve. Particle size distribution, organic matter, Calcium Carbonate Equivalent (CCE), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and different forms of K (total, soluble, exchangeable and nonexchangeable) were determined. X-ray diffractograms were obtained through a Shimadzu XRD 6000 defractometer employing a Ni-filtered CuKa radiation source from oriented clay (40 kV, 30 mA). The content of CLAY MINERALS was estimated according to Biscaye method.Results and Discussion: All soil samples were calcareous, calcium carbonate content was between 10 and 17%, with relatively high clay content, ranging from 18 to 36%. Soil organic carbon contents were between 0.3 to 1.9%. Land use affected the amount of organic matter so the pedons located on piedmont plain showed more organic matter than other units. Variation in soil characteristics were considerable, which was most affected by physiography. The variation was also especially noticeable in CLAY MINERALS and K pools. Soluble K, ranging from 6 to 14 mg/kg, had higher content in piedmont plain than other units. Nonexchangeable k was between 345 to 545 mg/kg and piedmont plain had higher amount because of existing more ILLITE. Exchangeable K, ranging between 278-416 mg/kg had highest content in piedmont plain and lowest content in river alluvial plain. The release rate of non-exchangeable K is the result of the type and particle size of K bearing minerals and soil conditions. The XRDdata for the less than 2 mm fractions of the studied soils indicated that the soils were similar in their clay mineralogy, mainly consisted of ILLITE, SMECTITE, kaolinite and chlorite, but were different in content. ILLITE and SMECTITE were higher in Piedmont Plain (PP) and Low Lands (LL) had higher content of SMECTITE in comparison with River Alluvial Plain (RAP) due to low drainage condition. Several factors such as differences in geomorphological conditions and clay mineralogy between physiographic units caused the differences in K FORMS. The statistically significant relationship between clay content and most forms of k was because of high specific surface of clays. A highly significant positive relationship between non exchangeable K and ILLITE content (r2=0.81, P<0.001) suggested that these forms of K had mostly released from edge and wedge zones of ILLITE.Conclusion: The relationship between K FORMS as a function of soil CLAY MINERALS and development can be used to determine the K storage of soils, prediction of the K cycle and K sorption by plants. The results of this study revealed that physiographic units, because of variation in degree of weathering, geomorphological and topographical conditions exhibited different amount of CLAY MINERALS and so different amounts of K FORMS. In fact, diversity of physiographic units, reflecting mainly on K-bearing minerals and clay content caused a noticeable difference in content, forms and distribution of K. Piedmont plain unit which occurred on a more stable landform position, contained a higher amount of all forms of k along with clay and ILLITE. The statistically significant relationship between nonexchangeable k and ILLITE content suggested that this form of k is greatly influenced by the presence of ILLITE.

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APA: Copy

Alamdari, P., KAMRANI, V., & MOHAMMADI, M.H.. (2016). CLAY MINERALOGY RELATIONSHIPS WITH POTASSIUM FORMS IN DIFFERENT PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITS. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY), 29(6), 1578-1589. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/141264/en

Vancouver: Copy

Alamdari P., KAMRANI V., MOHAMMADI M.H.. CLAY MINERALOGY RELATIONSHIPS WITH POTASSIUM FORMS IN DIFFERENT PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITS. JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY)[Internet]. 2016;29(6):1578-1589. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/141264/en

IEEE: Copy

P. Alamdari, V. KAMRANI, and M.H. MOHAMMADI, “CLAY MINERALOGY RELATIONSHIPS WITH POTASSIUM FORMS IN DIFFERENT PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITS,” JOURNAL OF WATER AND SOIL (AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY), vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1578–1589, 2016, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/141264/en

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